The 5Hs and 5Ts are a great resource to rapidly recall the causes of cardiac arrest. Considering these causes, especially in light of the patient’s history, may help you to hone in on the underlying cause of the arrest and reverse it if possible.
What are the 5HS and 5ts and why are they important?
The 5Hs and 5Ts are a great resource to rapidly recall the causes of cardiac arrest. Considering these causes, especially in light of the patient’s history, may help you to hone in on the underlying cause of the arrest and reverse it if possible. Finally, the Hs and Ts should always be considered in the aftermath of a code in attempt ...
What are the HS and ts of cardiac arrest?
The Hs and Ts is a mnemonic used to aid in remembering the possible reversible causes of cardiac arrest. A variety of disease processes can lead to a cardiac arrest; however, they usually boil down to one or more of the "Hs and Ts". Hypovolemia is a result of a lack of circulating body fluids, principally blood volume.
What are the 5HS and 5ts of cardiac arrest?
The 5Hs and 5Ts are a great resource to rapidly recall the causes of cardiac arrest. Considering these causes, especially in light of the patient’s history, may help you to hone in on the underlying cause of the arrest and reverse it if possible.
What are the 5 HS of hypothermia?
5 Ts: Thrombus (cardiac or pulmonary) Tension Pneumothorax; Tamponade; Toxin; Trauma; 5 Hs: Hypoxia; Hypovolemia; Hypo/Hyperkalemia; Hypothermia; Hydrogen Excess (Acidosis) **Hypoglycemia is typically not longer stated
What are Hs and Ts in ACLS?
The "H's and T's" is a mnemonic device which will help you to recall the factors that contribute to pulseless arrest, include Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA), Asystole (flatline), Ventricular Fibrillation (VFib or VF), and Ventricular Tachycardia (VTach or VT).
How do you remember Hs and Ts?
0:003:24Reversible Causes of Cardiac Arrest Hs and Ts Mnemonic - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipWebsite as a source the hechas include hypoxia hypovolemia hypothermia hi pearl or hypokalemiaMoreWebsite as a source the hechas include hypoxia hypovolemia hypothermia hi pearl or hypokalemia hydrogen ions meaning acidosis.
What are the 4hs and 4ts?
However, in practice while performing CPR often in stressful situations, it is difficult to remember all 4 “Ts” and 4 “Hs” causes (hypoxia, hypokalaemia/hyperkalaemia, hypothermia/hyperthermia, hypovolaemia, tension pneumothorax, tamponade, thrombosis, toxins), especially for medical students, young doctors and doctors ...
What are H's?
0:111:26One Quick Question: What are H's and T's? - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipOkay so what are the h's and t's well in acls the h's and t's stand for a known list of causes. OrMoreOkay so what are the h's and t's well in acls the h's and t's stand for a known list of causes. Or conditions that may be contributing to our cardiac patients condition.
What are the ACLS algorithms?
ACLS Algorithm OverviewACLS Algorithm #1: Cardiac Arrest. The most important and most frequently used ACLS algorithm is the cardiac arrest algorithm. ... ACLS Algorithm #2: Bradycardia. ... ACLS Algorithm #3: Tachycardia. ... ACLS Algorithm #4: Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) ... ACLS Algorithm #5: Suspected Stroke Algorithm.
What are the components of high quality CPR?
Five main components of high-performance CPR have been identified: chest compression fraction (CCF), chest compression rate, chest compression depth, chest recoil (residual leaning), and ventilation. These CPR components were identified because of their contribution to blood flow and outcome.
Is Hypoglycemia one of the Hs and Ts?
*Hypoglycemia is not officially one of the H's and T's for adults, but it still can be an important cause of PEA, especially in children.
What are the elements of a system of care?
An effective system of care (Figure 1) comprises all of these elements—structure, process, system, and patient outcomes—in a framework of continuous quality improvement (CQI).
Can you do CPR on asystole?
Asystole is treated by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) combined with an intravenous vasopressor such as epinephrine (a.k.a. adrenaline).
What is PEA asystole?
Pulseless electrical activity (PEA) and asystole are related cardiac rhythms in that they are both life-threatening and unshockable cardiac rhythms. Asystole is a flat-line ECG (Figure 27). There may be a subtle movement away from baseline (drifting flat-line), but there is no perceptible cardiac electrical activity.
Is PEA a shockable rhythm?
Rhythms that are not amenable to shock include pulseless electrical activity (PEA) and asystole. In these cases, identifying primary causation, performing good CPR, and administering epinephrine are the only tools you have to resuscitate the patient.
What are the H and T's of ACLS?
The H’s and T’s of ACLS is a mnemonic used to help recall the major contributing factors to pulseless arrest including PEA, Asystole, Ventricular Fibrillation, and Ventricular Tachycardia. These H’s and T’s will most commonly be associated with PEA, but they will help direct your search for underlying causes to any of arrhythmias associated with ACLS. Each is discussed more thoroughly below.
What are the symptoms of tamponade?
ECG symptoms include narrow QRS complex and rapid heart rate. Physical signs include jugular vein distention (JVD), no pulse or difficulty palpating a pulse, and muffled heart sounds due to the fluid inside the pericardium. The recommended treatment for cardiac tamponade is pericardiocentesis.
Hypovolemia
Hypovolemia is the decrease in the volume of blood in your body, which can be due to blood loss or loss of body fluids. It can be a significant contributing factor to cardiac arrest.
Hypoxia
Hypoxia is a condition in which the body or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply. Respiratory depression, respiratory distress, slowing heart rate, or a pulse oximeter reading below 94% may indicate your patient is suffering from hypoxia. This consideration can be a significant contributor to cardiac arrest.
Hydrogen Ion (Acidosis)
Excessive hydrogen ions in the blood, otherwise known as respiratory acidosis, impairs the circulatory system, reducing oxygen uptake in the lungs. It can be either metabolic or respiratory, either of which can lead to cardiac arrest.
Hyperkalemia & Hypokalemia
Potassium is one of the key electrolytes that allows the body to contract muscles and conduct electrical signals through nerves. As such, it is crucial to the functioning of the heart, and either high levels (hyperkalemia) or low levels (hypokalemia) of potassium greatly increase the risk of cardiac arrest.
Hypothermia
Hypothermia occurs when the body’s core temperature drops below 30 C (86 F). It is one of the most uncommon causes of arrest, with cardiac output decreasing as the body attempts to preserve the core organs.
Toxins
There are a number of different types of drugs that can cause pulseless arrest, including tricyclic antidepressants, digoxin, localized anesthetics, calcium channel blockers, and beta-blockers. Streets drugs, such as cocaine, benzodiazepines, and opioids can also bring a patient into arrest.
Tamponade
Cardiac tamponade occurs when the pericardial sac surrounding the heart fills with fluid, placing excessive pressure on the heart. This is often caused by perforation of the sac.
What is the Hs and Ts?
The Hs and Ts is a mnemonic used to aid in remembering the possible reversible causes of cardiac arrest. A variety of disease processes can lead to a cardiac arrest; however, they usually boil down to one or more of the "Hs and Ts".
When was hypoglycemia removed from the Hs and Ts?
Hypoglycemia was removed from the Hs and Ts by the American Heart Association in their 2010 ACLS update.
What are the "T's"?
Cardiac tamponade is a buildup of blood or fluid in the pericardial space , causing pressure on the heart, preventing ventricles from filling properly. Causes of tamponade include chest trauma, pericarditis and myocardial rupture.
What are the H and T of ACLS?
They are complex, so practitioners and teachers have developed a mnemonic device, known as the “H’s and T’s of ACLS”, which explain the conditions associated with pre-arrest and cardiac arrest algorithms. Because many cardiac arrest conditions are reversible, determining and treating the cause is a must for optimal patient care and outcome.
Hypoxia
Cardiac arrest caused by pure hypoxemia is uncommon. Hypoxemia is low levels of circulating oxygen in the blood, which can lead to hypoxia at the tissues. Hypoxemia is normally a consequence of asphyxia, which accounts for most of the non-cardiac causes of cardiac arrest.
Hypovolemia
One common cause of cardiac arrest is hypovolemia, which can develop due to a reduced intravascular volume (i.e. hemorrhage). It can occur as a result of extreme sweating, severe diarrhea and/or vomiting, and even severe vasodilation. Severe burns can also lead to hypovolemia.
Hypothermia
Every year approximately 1,500 people die of primary accidental hypothermia in the United States. 6 Accidental hypothermia is defined as an involuntary drop of the core body temperature <35 degrees Celsius. 25 Hypothermia can be estimated and further subdivided by using the Swiss staging system. 18
Hydrogen Ion (Acidosis)
Acidosis can be either metabolic or respiratory. Either cause can lead to cardiac arrest. Acidosis of any kind is most likely detrimental to the circulation as it causes peripheral vasodilatation, negative inotropy and impaired oxygen uptake in the lungs.
Tension Pneumothorax
Tension pneumothorax is defined as hemodynamic compromise in a patient with an expanding intrapleural air mass. It is a treatable cause of cardiac arrest and should be excluded during CPR. 3 A tension pneumothorax develops when there is a buildup of air in the pleural space.
Tamponade (Cardiac)
Cardiac tamponade occurs when the pericardial sac is filled with fluid under pressure, which leads to compromise of cardiac function and ultimately cardiac arrest. 25 It may be caused by trauma to the chest such as a gunshot wound or by inflammation of the pericardium.
Toxins
Airway obstruction and respiratory arrest secondary to a decreased conscious level is a common cause of death after self-poisoning (benzodiazepines, alcohol, opiates, tricyclics, barbiturates). 24 Early tracheal intubation of unconscious patients by trained personnel may decrease the risk of aspiration.
