Nutrition – Balanced Ration & Desirable Characteristics of a Ration
- Liberal feeding: Satisfy all the physiological status +waste in preparation + Feeding. NOT over feeding-Doubly Wasteful.
- Individual Feeding: Avoid Competition; adequate –individual feeding is always better.
- Properly Balance: Concentrate; Roughage. ...
- Palatable & Variety: Better and balanced mixture of protein, vitamins and other nutrients.
Full Answer
What is a a ration?
A ration is the feed allowed for a given animal during a day of 24 hours. The feed may be given at a time or in portions at intervals. Balanced ration
What are the characteristics of a ratio scale?
A ratio scale has a point zero characteristic, where the value of the variable has no value at all. Weight, height etc can be calculated on it because they have a real zero value.
What is a balanced ration?
A balanced ration is a ration, which provides the essential nutrients to the animal in such proportion and amounts that are required for the proper nourishment of the particular animal for 24 hours for various physiological functions. Desirable characterisitcs of a ration
How to calculate rations for animals?
When calculating rations, the value of the feeds and the requirements of the animals must have the same system. If energy of feeds is given in metabolizable energy, the requirements of animals should be stated in ME to be able to calculate rations.
What are some examples of ratio data?
An excellent example of ratio data is the measurement of heights. Height could be measured in centimeters, meters, inches, or feet. It is not possible to have a negative height. When comparing to interval data, for example, the temperature can be – 10-degree Celsius, but height cannot be negative, as stated above.
What is ratio data?
Ratio Data is defined as quantitative data, having the same properties as interval data, with an equal and definitive ratio between each data and absolute “zero” being treated as a point of origin. In other words, there can be no negative numerical value in ratio data.
Can ratio data be multiplied?
Ratio data can be multiplied and divided, and this is one of the significant differences between ratio data and interval data, which can only be added and subtracted. In ratio data, the difference between 1 and 2 is the same as the difference between 3 and 4, but also here 4 is twice as much as 2. This comparison is impossible in interval data.
Is $0 the minimum amount of money a person can have with them?
Yes, because $0 is the absolute minimum amount of money a person could have with them. The person with $80 has four times as much as the person with $20. Ratio data has all properties of interval data such as – data should have numeric values, a distance between the two points are equal, etc.
Is ratio data negative?
No Negative Numerical Value – Ratio data doesn’t have any negative numerical value. For a value to be a ratio data researcher, first must evaluate if it meets all the criteria of interval data and has an absolute zero point. For example, weight cannot be negative, -20 Kgs doesn’t exist. 3.
Abstract
The objectives of this cross-sectional observational study were to 1) describe the feeding management and characteristics of rations for high-producing Holstein cows housed in freestall barns in Minnesota, 2) evaluate ration change over time, and 3) investigate herd-level risk factors for ration change.
Introduction
In recent decades, there has been a trend for housing dairy cows in freestall barns instead of tiestall barns in the upper Midwest to improve labor efficiency in dairy operations. With this change, cows are no longer fed individually; instead, they are fed as a group with a TMR, where forages and concentrates are mixed together.
Materials and Methods
This cross-sectional observational study was performed in 50 freestall dairy farms in Minnesota between June and October 2004. Dairy farms were selected randomly from a list of herds having more than 150 cows situated within a geographical area where most of the dairy farms in Minnesota are located (central and southeast Minnesota).
Results and Discussion
Seventy percent of herds fed once daily, 22% fed twice daily, and 8% fed 3 times daily. The frequency of feed push-up was 5.4 ± 2.3 times daily (range = 3–12 times daily).
Conclusions
Information collected in this observational study indicated that the majority of freestall dairy farms in Minnesota fed cows once daily in 3-row pens with post and rail feed barriers, and provided 0.45 m of feed bunk space per cow. The main forage used in the ration was corn silage, and rations had adequate concentrations of NDF and CP.
Acknowledgments
We thank the 50 dairy producers who allowed us to visit their operations and collect data. We also thank Lynn Eberly (University of Minnesota, School of Public Health, Minneapolis) for her expert advice on statistical modeling of the data and Gerald Steuernagel (AgriTech Analytics, Visalia, CA) for providing the equations to calculate MLM.
1. Introduction
Livestock keeping in all its ventures is a major source of incomes all over Kenya, from the most productive to nearly desert areas, and for all livestock keepers livestock feeding and nutrition is a major concern.
2. Energy Feeds
Energy is the fuel that keeps all body functions working. Milk production requires a lot of energy. If energy in the ration is not enough, the animal will lose body condition and for milking cows, milk yield will drop, pregnant cows become ill after calving and the calf will usually be small in size.
3. Minerals
Minerals are required in small amounts but are important components of the ration.
4. Mineral, Energy and Protein content of the most important feeds in Kenya
Tables 1 and 2 give mineral content of the most important feeds in Kenya (Jack Ouda, KARI NARL 2009)
5. Vitamins
While all the different vitamins are essential for all livestock, under most conditions only vitamin A needs to be given attention in ruminant feeding. ss-carotene and/or Vit A can be stored in the liver and body tissues during periods of high intake and used during periods of low intake.
7. Water
Water is a necessary compound of plants and animals. Growing plants contain 70-80% water and animals contain 70-90% water. Water has several important functions in the animal body such as regulation of body temperature, carrier of nutrients, regulation of tissue structure etc.
8. Feed additives
A feed additive is defined as a feed ingredient of non-nutritive nature that stimulates growth or other type of performance or improves the efficiency of feed utilization or that may be beneficial in some manner to the health or metabolism of the animal.
What are the characteristics of ratio scale?
Ratio scale has most of the characteristics of the other three variable measurement scalei.e nominal, ordinal and interval. Nominal variables are used to “name,” or label a series of values. Ordinal scales provide a sufficiently good amount of information about the order of choices, such as one would be able to understand from using a customer satisfaction survey. Interval scales give us the order of values and also about the ability to quantify the difference between each one. Ratio scale helps to understand the ultimate-order, interval, values, and the true zero characteristic is an essential factor in calculating ratios.
What is ratio scale?
The Definition. Ratio scale is a type of variable measurement scale which is quantitative in nature. It allows any researcher to compare the intervals or differences. Ratio scale is the 4th level of measurementand possesses a zero point or character of origin. This is a unique feature of this scale.
What is the purpose of ratio scale?
Ratio scale helps to understand the ultimate-order, interval, values, and the true zero characteristic is an essential factor in calculating ratios. A ratio scale is the most informative scale as it tends to tell about the order and number of the object between the values of the scale. The most common examples of this scale are height, money, age, ...
Why does the ratio scale have a negative number?
Ratio scale doesn’t have a negative number, unlike interval scale because of the absolute zero or zero point characteristic. To measure any object on a this scale, researchers must first see if the object meets all the criteria for interval scale plus has an absolute zero characteristic.
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