Ethical Decision-Making Model*
- I. ASSESS
- II. PLAN
- III. IMPLEMENT
- B. Carry out the decision you have made.
- IV. EVALUATE
- A. Document your decision-making process and your actions.
What are the three main models of ethical decision making?
What are three ethical principles that may provide some guidance for ethical responsibility?
- Management Responsibility.
- Reasonable Occurrence.
- Methods of data processing.
- Limitations.
What are the four steps of ethical decision making?
- Assessment: Make sure you have all the facts about the assessment. ...
- Alternatives: Consider your choices. ...
- Analysis: Identify your candidate decision and test its validity. ...
- Application: Apply ethical principles to your candidate decision. ...
- Action: Make a decision. ...
What are the 5 steps of the decision making model?
five-step consumer decision-making model, followed by the analysis of the five-step model identifying the gaps, elaborating on the internal (perception, motivation, learning, personality, emotions and attitudes) and external (demographics, lifestyles, groups, social and cultural) influences in the process.
What is the basic model of ethical decision making?
What are the 7 step model for ethical decision making?
- GATHER THE FACTS. □ Don’t jump to conclusions without the facts.
- DEFINE THE ETHICAL ISSUE (S)
- IDENTIFY THE AFFECTED PARTIES.
- IDENTIFY THE CONSEQUENCES.
- IDENTIFY THE RELEVANT PRINCIPLES,
- CONSIDER YOUR CHARACTER &
- THINK CREATIVELY ABOUT POTENTIAL.
- CHECK YOUR GUT.
What is responsible decision making?
How to cultivate ethical growth in students?
Why do people have a strong moral identity?
Why is moral disengagement less likely?
Why is it important to strengthen moral identity?
How can educators be more intentional about the messages they convey?
What is the pattern of implicit ways in which schools socialize students and convey values?
See 4 more
About this website
What are the components of ethical decision making?
Ethical decision-making is based on core character values like trustworthiness, respect, responsibility, fairness, caring, and good citizenship. Ethical decisions generate ethical behaviors and provide a foundation for good business practices.
What is the 4 component model of ethical decision making?
James Rest (1994) developed theoretical framework for understanding the process of ethical decision making. His model has four components: moral awareness, moral motivation, moral judgement and moral action.
What are the ethical models for decision-making?
5 Models for Ethical Decision MakingUtilitarian Approach. What benefits and what harms will each course of action produce, and which alternative will lead to the best overall consequences? ... Rights Approach. ... Fairness/Justice Approach. ... Common Good Approach. ... Virtue Approach.
What are the 4 ethical models?
Four broad categories of ethical theory include deontology, utilitarianism, rights, and virtues. The deontological class of ethical theories states that people should adhere to their obliga- tions and duties when engaged in decision making when ethics are in play.
What is the first step for rests four-component model of ethical action?
Rest developed his Four-Component Model by asking: “What must happen psychologically in order for moral behavior to take place?” He concluded that ethical action is the product of these psychological subprocesses: (1) moral sensitivity (recognition); (2) moral judgment or reasoning; (3) moral motivation; and (4) moral ...
What are the four components of moral behavior?
Introduction Rest's (1982) Four-Component Model of Morality (FCM) describes four processes thought to be independent and necessary contributors for moral behavior: moral sensitivity, moral judgment, moral motivation, and moral implementation.
What are the 7 step model for ethical decision making?
A 7-STep Guide to Ethical Decision-MakingState the problem. ... Check the facts. ... Identify relevant factors (internal and external).Develop a list of options. ... Test the options. ... Make a choice based on steps 1-5.Review steps 1-6.
What is the ethical decision making model in business?
In business, ethical decision-making is a strategy that prioritizes moral principles as a set of standards, rather than economic considerations, for making business decisions.
What are the 3 ethical models?
There are generally three philosophical approaches, or what may be considered the science, to ethical reasoning: utilitarian ethics. deontological ethics. virtue ethics.
What are the 5 basic ethical principles?
Moral Principles The five principles, autonomy, justice, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and fidelity are each absolute truths in and of themselves. By exploring the dilemma in regards to these principles one may come to a better understanding of the conflicting issues.
What is the best ethical model?
The Utilitarian Approach Utilitarianism is one of the most common approaches to making ethical decisions, especially decisions with consequences that concern large groups of people, in part because it instructs us to weigh the different amounts of good and bad that will be produced by our action.
What are the five 5 theories of ethics?
This chapter explicates the main basic forms of ethical theory, such as consequentialism, Kantian non-consequentialism, Intuitionist non-consequentialism, virtue-centered theory, and contractarianism, as well as some other issues related to the basic forms.
What is the 4 component model?
The 4-component (4C) model, which divides body weight into fat, water, mineral, and protein, can overcome these limitations.
What is the four component model?
By maintaining that moral functioning depends upon four components (sensitivity, judgment, motivation, and character), the Neo-Kohlbergian account of moral functioning allows for uneven moral development within individuals. However, I argue that the four-component model does not go far enough.
What are the 3 ethical models?
There are generally three philosophical approaches, or what may be considered the science, to ethical reasoning: utilitarian ethics. deontological ethics. virtue ethics.
What is an ethical decision making model in nursing?
Nurses' ethical decision-making is defined as a sequential process consisting of professional accountability and moral components, such as moral sensitivity, judgment, motivation, and behavior [18]. Professional accountability is defined as taking responsibility for one's judgment and actions [19].
Decision Making Worksheet
Scenarios Goal-setting – Your goal is to make the school track team. To do that, you feel you need to run after school every day. Two friends, Cesar and Erin, constantly put down your efforts.
7 STEPS TO EFFECTIVE DECISION MAKING - UMass D
Step 1: Identify the decision You realize that you need to make a decision. Try to clearly de˜ne the nature of the decision you must make. This ˜rst step is very important.
Responsible Decision Making: An Introductory Guide
Responsible decision-making is the fifth core competency taught in SEL.. We can define responsible decision making as the ability to make choices that affect you positively in your physical, intellectual, social, and emotional bodies.
Responsible Decision-Making Making Good Choices - Brigham Young University
Responsible Decision-Making Making Good Choices Grade Levels Prep Time Activity Time Materials Activity Description K-2 0-5 min <30 min Scenarios Good Choice, Bad Choice Say a scenario and then have each student participate by holding thumbs up or thumbs down
What is responsible decision making?
Responsible decision-making is one of the five components that make up CASEL’s model of SEL. It means the ability to make positive, constructive decisions about how to behave, based on consideration of ethical standards (i.e., right and wrong) as well as relevant social norms and safety concerns.
How to cultivate ethical growth in students?
If we as educators want to live lives of positive impact, and especially if we want to cultivate ethical growth in our students, we have to start with ourselves —by reflecting on our own values and behavior, understanding how we and others think about right and wrong, and always striving to live up to our moral principles. (Note: Though they sometimes have distinctions in meaning or connotation, the terms “ethical” and “moral” are generally used interchangeably.)
Why do people have a strong moral identity?
When people have a strong, internalized moral identity, they are more motivated to behave prosocially even when they don’t get any recognition for it; one way to work towards this is by focusing on the internal (vs. external) rewards of doing the right thing.
Why is moral disengagement less likely?
Research has found that moral disengagement is less likely in people who are empathetic and have strong moral identities, and more likely when people are cynical and feel that what happens is out of their control. Moral disengagement, unsurprisingly, is linked to unethical decisions and behavior.
Why is it important to strengthen moral identity?
Strengthening moral identity (how important being a good person is to one’s sense of self) encourages people to make ethical decisions.
How can educators be more intentional about the messages they convey?
By explicitly addressing values and ethical issues with students , educators can be more intentional about the messages they convey; this also encourages students to consciously and critically reflect on their own values as well as the messages they receive.
What is the pattern of implicit ways in which schools socialize students and convey values?
The pattern of implicit ways in which schools socialize students and convey values—not through the academic curriculum, but through school policies, priorities, climate, interpersonal interactions, etc.— is known as the “ hidden curriculum .”.
How are ethical principles different from values?
Ethical principles are different from values in that the former are considered as rules that are more permanent, universal, and unchanging, whereas values are subjective, even personal, and can change with time. Principles help inform and influence values. Some of the principles presented here date back to Plato, Socrates, and even earlier to ancient religious groups. These principles can be, and are, used in combination; different principles are also used in different situations. 2 The principles that we will cover are utilitarianism, universalism, rights/legal, justice, virtue, common good, and ethical relativism approaches. As you read these, ask yourself which principles characterize and underlie your own values, beliefs, behaviors, and actions. It is helpful to ask and if not clear, perhaps identify the principles, you most often use now and those you aspire to use more, and why. Using one or more of these principles and ethical approaches intentionally can also help you examine choices and options before making a decision or solving an ethical dilemma. Becoming familiar with these principles, then, can help inform your moral decision process and help you observe the principles that a team, work-group, or organization that you now participate in or will be joining may be using. Using creativity is also important when examining difficult moral decisions when sometimes it may seem that there are two “right” ways to act in a situation or perhaps no way seems morally right, which may also signal that not taking an action at that time may be needed, unless taking no action produces worse results.
What are the four principles of justice?
This principle has at least four major components that are based on the tenets that (1) all individuals should be treated equally; (2) justice is served when all persons have equal opportunities and advantages (through their positions and offices) to society’s opportunities and burdens; (3) fair decision practices, procedures, and agreements among parties should be practiced; and (4) punishment is served to someone who has inflicted harm on another, and compensation is given to those for a past harm or injustice committed against them.
What are the rights of a person?
This principle is grounded in both legal and moral rights. Legal rights are entitlements that are limited to a particular legal system and jurisdiction. In the United States, the Constitution and Declaration of Independence are the basis for citizens’ legal rights, for example, the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness and the right to freedom of speech. Moral (and human) rights, on the other hand, are universal and based on norms in every society, for example, the right not to be enslaved and the right to work.
What is ethical relativism?
Ethical relativism holds that people set their own moral standards for judging their actions. Only the individual’s self-interest and values are relevant for judging his or her behavior. Moreover, moral standards, according to this principle, vary from one culture to another. “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.”
What are the limitations of the principle of justice?
Limitations when using this principle involve the question of who decides who is right and wrong and who has been harmed in complex situations. This is especially the case when facts are not available and there is no objective external jurisdiction of the state or federal government. In addition, we are sometimes faced with the question, “Who has the moral authority to punish to pay compensation to whom?” Still, as with the other principles discussed here, justice stands as a necessary and invaluable building block of democracies and freedom.
What is the importance of principles and values in leadership?
At the individual level, then, principles and values offer a source of stability and self-control while also affecting job satisfaction and performance. At the organizational level, principled and values-based leadership influences cultures that inspire and motivate ethical behavior and performance. The following section discusses how ethical leadership at the top and throughout organizations affects ethical actions and behaviors. 5
What is virtue ethics?
Virtue ethics is based on character traits such as being truthful, practical wisdom, happiness, flourishing, and well-being. It focuses on the type of person we ought to be, not on specific actions that should be taken. Grounded in good character , motives, and core values, the principle is best exemplified by those whose examples show the virtues to be emulated.
What is ethical decision making?
The ethical decision-making model can be used as a framework for evaluating and working through ethical dilemmas. This teaching model describes a process of ethical decision making and characteristics of morally charged situations that may influence the decision-making process. Despite the breadth of potential ethical dilemmas research administrators may face, this meta-model can be used in any situation to highlight a step-by-step process for dealing with an ethical dilemma. This model sheds light on both the thought and affective processes involved in resolving an ethical dilemma, making what has typically been implicit, explicit. Understanding the model of ethical decision making and the factors that may influence the process will help research administrators evaluate how effectively they deal with ethical decisions and what may prevent them from making an appropriate and responsible ethical decision.
What are Rest and Jones' perspectives on ethical decision making?
Both Rest and Jones offer important theoretical perspectives to the process of ethical-decision making. Each theory addresses a particular component of the overall ethical decision-making process; integrating the two theories to create a meta-model describing the process of ethical decision making and the factors that influence this process provides a much needed framework for individuals to understand and analyze how they resolve ethical dilemmas. Dr. Holmes conducted research on these two theories, exploring the decision-making process and the moral intensity factors related to that process. This research resulted in empirical support for both theories and the development of a meta-model for understanding and working through the ethical decision-making process. This model can be used in ethics education and training for professionals, allowing individuals to develop a better appreciation for and understanding of the way they approach ethical dilemmas.
What is the final step of moral action?
The final step, “I act,” indicates moral courage or moral action. This step refers to the decision maker’s behavior. Choosing to follow through on a morally right decision requires the individual to marshal the courage to act despite fear or adversity. Minimal research has been conducted on moral action and moral intensity factors due to the inherent difficulties in manipulating individuals’ decisions in ethically charged situations. However, the importance of the moral intensity factors in the previous three steps suggests that moral intensity should be considered in this last step. Specifically, the power of social influence, represented by Social Consensus, is significant in the three previous steps of the process and likely consistently important in the fourth step.
What is the third step of social consensus?
After evaluating possible solutions and their consequences, the individual decides his or her intention to act. This third step, “I think I will,” refers to Rest’s component of moral intention. The research shows that the power of Social Consensus is significantly related to the individual’s intention to act.
What is the second step of moral judgment?
The second step, “I ask,” refers to Rest’s component of moral judgment. At this point in the process, the decision maker formulates and evaluates potential choices and possible outcomes. Research suggests that the intensity factors of Social Consensus, Magnitude of Consequences, and Probability of Effect are particularly relevant for the decision maker at this stage of the process.
What is the first step in moral awareness?
The first step, moral awareness or the “I feel” step , is the recognition that a situation contains a moral issue. This awareness may result from a “gut” feeling that something is wrong in a particular situation. Individuals may experience a strong emotion, like disgust, and/or a physiological response to situations that contain ethical conflicts. Research suggests that the moral intensity factors of Proximity and Social Consensus are particularly important for an individual’s ability to recognize a moral issue.
How to use ethical decision making model?
Use the three components of the ethical decision-making model (moral awareness, moral judgment, and ethical behavior) found in the Ethical Decision-Making Model media piece in the Resources to analyze the ethical issues. Analyze the factors that contributed to the problem or issue. Identify who is involved or affected by the problem or issue. Describe the factors that contributed to the problem or issue and explain how they contributed. In addition to the readings provided, use the Capella library to locate at least one academic peer-reviewed journal article relevant to the problem or issue that you can use to support your analysis of the situation. Cite and apply the journal article as evidence to support your critical thinking and analysis of the case. Assess the credibility of the information source. Assess the relevance of the information source.
How to describe a case study in health care?
Discuss the effectiveness of the communication approaches present in the case study. Describe how the health care professional communicated with others. Describe the communication and communication strategies that were applied, both in creating and in resolving the problems or issues presented. Assess instances where the professional communicated effectively or ineffectively. Discuss the effectiveness of the approach used by the professional related to any problems or issues involving ethical practice in the case. Describe the actions taken in response to the ethical dilemma or challenge presented in the case study. Summarize how well the professional managed professional responsibilities and priorities to resolve the problem or issue in the case. Discuss the key lessons this case provides for health care professionals. Apply ethical principles to a possible solution to the
What is responsible decision making?
Responsible decision-making is one of the five components that make up CASEL’s model of SEL. It means the ability to make positive, constructive decisions about how to behave, based on consideration of ethical standards (i.e., right and wrong) as well as relevant social norms and safety concerns.
How to cultivate ethical growth in students?
If we as educators want to live lives of positive impact, and especially if we want to cultivate ethical growth in our students, we have to start with ourselves —by reflecting on our own values and behavior, understanding how we and others think about right and wrong, and always striving to live up to our moral principles. (Note: Though they sometimes have distinctions in meaning or connotation, the terms “ethical” and “moral” are generally used interchangeably.)
Why do people have a strong moral identity?
When people have a strong, internalized moral identity, they are more motivated to behave prosocially even when they don’t get any recognition for it; one way to work towards this is by focusing on the internal (vs. external) rewards of doing the right thing.
Why is moral disengagement less likely?
Research has found that moral disengagement is less likely in people who are empathetic and have strong moral identities, and more likely when people are cynical and feel that what happens is out of their control. Moral disengagement, unsurprisingly, is linked to unethical decisions and behavior.
Why is it important to strengthen moral identity?
Strengthening moral identity (how important being a good person is to one’s sense of self) encourages people to make ethical decisions.
How can educators be more intentional about the messages they convey?
By explicitly addressing values and ethical issues with students , educators can be more intentional about the messages they convey; this also encourages students to consciously and critically reflect on their own values as well as the messages they receive.
What is the pattern of implicit ways in which schools socialize students and convey values?
The pattern of implicit ways in which schools socialize students and convey values—not through the academic curriculum, but through school policies, priorities, climate, interpersonal interactions, etc.— is known as the “ hidden curriculum .”.
