what are the contraindications of losartan

Precautions

Losartan potassium is contraindicated: In patients who are hypersensitive to any component of this product. For coadministration with aliskiren in patients with diabetes.

What are the contraindications for losartan potassium?

Hypotension: correct salt or volume depletion before administration as it may increase the risk of hypotension. Renal function: It may decline the renal function resulting in elevated serum creatinine levels, oliguria, azotemia, and acute renal failure. Discontinue losartan if there is a critical decrease in renal function.

What are the side effects of losartan?

Losartan competitively inhibits the binding of angiotensin II to AT1 in many tissues including vascular smooth muscle and the adrenal glands. Losartan is metabolized to its active metabolite, E-3174, which is 10 to 40 times more potent than losartan and acts as a non-competitive AT1 antagonist.

How does losartan inhibit angiotensin II?

To make sure losartan is safe for you, tell your doctor if you have: 1 kidney disease; 2 liver disease; 3 congestive heart failure; 4 an electrolyte imbalance (such as low levels of potassium in your blood); or. 5 if you are dehydrated.

Is losartan safe for people with kidney disease?

Before Taking This Medicine

You should not use losartan if you are allergic to it.If you have diabetes, do not use losartan together with any medication that contains aliskire...

How Should I Take Losartan?

Take losartan exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Follow all directions on your prescription label. Your doctor may occasionally change your dose...

What Happens If I Miss A Dose?

Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. Skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. Do not take extra medicine to...

Losartan Dosing Information

Usual Adult Dose of Losartan for Diabetic Nephropathy:Initial dose: 50 mg orally once a day.Maintenance dose: 25 to 100 mg orally in 1 to 2 divided...

What Other Drugs Will Affect Losartan?

Tell your doctor about all medicines you use, and those you start or stop using during your treatment with losartan, especially: 1. a diuretic or "...

What is the difference between Losartan and Angiotensin II?

Losartan is a selective and competitive angiotensin II receptor blocker at the AT1 receptor site, resulting in a compensatory elevation of renin and angiotensin I levels. It binds with high affinity to the AT1 receptor and is more than 10000 fold selective for the AT1 receptor than the AT2 receptor. It inhibits angiotensin II-induced vasopressin release, adrenal catecholamine release, rapid and slow pressor response, thirst, cellular hypertrophy and hyperplasia, noradrenergic neurotransmission, and sympathetic tone increase. Losartan also inhibits angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction and action of aldosterone, which in turn lowers the blood pressure. Losartan increases the urinary flow and increases the excretion of sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, uric acid, calcium, and phosphate. Compared to ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II-receptor blockers effectively inhibit the renin-angiotensin system, not affecting the response to bradykinin. [6]

What enzyme metabolizes losartan?

For this reason, the non-renin-angiotensin effects, for example, cough and angioedema, are not commonly seen with ARBs. Hepatic P450 enzyme CYP2C9 metabolizes losartan to a more potent 5-carboxylic acid metabolite, EXP 3174. The onset of action of losartan is 6 hours, lasting for 24 hours, and the half-lives of losartan and EXP 3174 are 1.5 to 2 hours and 6 to 9 hours, respectively. The plasma clearance of losartan and EXP 3174 are through the kidney and liver, respectively.

Is Losartan contraindicated with Aliskiren?

Losartan use is contraindicated with the use of aliskiren in diabetes mellitus. [9]

Is Losartan better than Captopril?

Treatment of heart failure (off-label use): A study involving elderly heart-failure patients, Evaluation of Losartan in the Elderly Study (ELITE), concluded that compared to captopril, losartan correlated with lower mortality and was tolerated better than captopril .[4]  In the ELITE II study, the conclusion was that losartan was as competent as captopril in improving the heart failure-related outcomes, NYHA class, and quality of life. [5]

Can you breastfeed with losartan?

It is not known if losartan gets excreted in the milk . Hence, its use is not recommended while breastfeeding.

Does Losartan help with left ventricular hypertrophy?

Hypertension with left ventricular hypertrophy:Losartan inhibits the angiotensin II-induced cardiac remodeling. It reduces the risk of stroke in these patients.

Does losartan cause renal failure?

Renal function: It may decline the renal function resulting in elevated serum creatinine levels, oliguria, azotemia, and acute renal failure. Discontinue losartan if there is a critical decrease in renal function.

What other drugs will affect losartan?

Tell your doctor about all medicines you use, and those you start or stop using during your treatment with losartan , especially:

What medications can I take with losartan?

Tell your doctor about all medicines you use, and those you start or stop using during your treatment with losartan, especially: aspirin or other NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), naproxen (Aleve), celecoxib, diclofenac, indomethacin, meloxicam, and others.

What is losartan?

Losartan belongs to a group of drugs called angiotensin II receptor antagonists. It keeps blood vessels from narrowing, which lowers blood pressure and improves blood flow.

How should I take losartan?

Take losartan exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Follow all directions on your prescription label . Your doctor may occasionally change your dose to make sure you get the best results. Do not take this medicine in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended.

How long does it take for losartan to lower blood pressure?

Visit your doctor regularly. It may take 3 to 6 weeks of using losartan before your blood pressure goes down somewhat. For best results, keep using the medication as directed. Talk with your doctor if your symptoms do not improve after 3 weeks of treatment.

How long does it take for blood pressure to go down with losartan?

It may take 3 to 6 weeks of using losartan before your blood pressure goes down somewhat. For best results, keep using the medication as directed. Talk with your doctor if your symptoms do not improve after 3 weeks of treatment.

What is the purpose of Losartan?

Losartan is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). It is also used to lower the risk of stroke in certain people with heart disease. Losartan is used to slow long-term kidney damage in people with type 2 diabetes who also have high blood pressure.

How many people are over 65 with Losartan?

Of the total number of patients receiving Losartan potassium in controlled clinical studies for hypertension, 391 patients (19%) were 65 years and over, while 37 patients (2%) were 75 years and over. In a controlled clinical study for renal protection in type 2 diabetic patients with proteinuria, 248 patients (33%) were 65 years and over. In a controlled clinical study for the reduction in the combined risk of cardiovascular death, stroke and myocardial infarction in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy, 2857 patients (62%) were 65 years and over, while 808 patients (18%) were 75 years and over. No overall differences in effectiveness or safety were observed between these patients and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out.

What is Losartan 25 mg?

Losartan potassium tablets USP, 25 mg are white to off-white, capsule-shaped, film-coated tablets debossed with the logo of "Z" on one side and "2"on other side .

What are the effects of Losartan on the renin-angiotensin system?

Use of drugs that act on the renin-angiotensin system during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy reduces fetal renal function and increases fetal and neonatal morbidity and death. Resulting oligohydramnios can be associated with fetal lung hypoplasia and skeletal deformations. Potential neonatal adverse effects include skull hypoplasia, anuria, hypotension, renal failure, and death. When pregnancy is detected, discontinue Losartan as soon as possible. These adverse outcomes are usually associated with use of these drugs in the second and third trimester of pregnancy. Most epidemiologic studies examining fetal abnormalities after exposure to antihypertensive use in the first trimester have not distinguished drugs affecting the renin-angiotensin system from other antihypertensive agents. Appropriate management of maternal hypertension during pregnancy is important to optimize outcomes for both mother and fetus.

How long does it take for Losartan to work?

The effect of Losartan is substantially present within one week but in some studies the maximal effect occurred in 3 to 6 weeks. In long-term follow-up studies (without placebo control) the effect of Losartan appeared to be maintained for up to a year. There is no apparent rebound effect after abrupt withdrawal of Losartan. There was essentially no change in average heart rate in Losartan-treated patients in controlled trials.

What is the purpose of Losartan potassium?

Losartan potassium tablets are indicated for the treatment of hypertension in adults and pediatric patients 6 years of age and older, to lower blood pressure. Lowering blood pressure lowers the risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular (CV) events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarction.

What are the effects of oligohydramnios on the renin-angiotens?

Use of drugs that act on the renin-angiotensin system during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy reduces fetal renal function and increases fetal and neonatal morbidity and death. Resulting oligohydramnios can be associated with fetal lung hypoplasia and skeletal deformations. Potential neonatal adverse effects include skull hypoplasia, anuria, hypotension, renal failure, and death. When pregnancy is detected, discontinue Losartan potassium as soon as possible [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.1 )].

How long does it take to absorb Losartan?

The systemic bioavailability of Losartan is approximately 33%. Mean peak concentrations of Losartan and its active metabolite are reached in 1 hour and in 3 to 4 hours, respectively. While maximum plasma concentrations of Losartan and its active metabolite are approximately equal, the AUC (area under the curve) of the metabolite is about 4 times as great as that of Losartan. A meal slows absorption of Losartan and decreases its C max but has only minor effects on Losartan AUC or on the AUC of the metabolite (~10% decrease). The pharmacokinetics of Losartan and its active metabolite are linear with oral Losartan doses up to 200 mg and do not change over time.

How is Losartan taken?

Losartan is typically taken by mouth in the following dosages, according to the condition being treated. 7

What to do if you miss a dose of losartan?

Just take the next dose at the regular time. If you take too much losartan, call your doctor or a poison control center or seek emergency medical attention. 7 .

What is losartan used for?

As an angiotensin II receptor blocker, losartan helps your blood vessels to relax in order to lower your blood pressure and make it easier for your heart to pump blood through your body.

How to store losartan?

Keep losartan in a tightly closed container that protects the medication from light. It should be stored at a temperature between 59 F and 86 F (between 15 C and 30 C). Keep it out of the reach of children. 7

Why was Losartan recalled?

Losartan was among a number of drugs subject to FDA recalls between 2018 and 2020 because they were found to contain unacceptably high levels of a nitrosamine, a potentially cancer-causing substance. 10  The impurities are thought to have been introduced during the manufacturing process.

Does Losartan help with diabetes?

However, it may not lower the risk of stroke in Black people who have those conditions. 3 . Further, losartan is FDA-approved to treat kidney damage in people who have type 2 diabetes, a condition that occurs when the body does not use insulin effectively and blood glucose (sugar) rises too high. 3 .

Is Cozaar a cure for high blood pressure?

Dr. Ali is also an award-winning writer. Cozaar (losartan potassium, also known as losartan), is a commonly used oral medication for treating high blood pressure (hypertension) and complications of other diseases affected by high blood pressure. It is not a cure for the condition, simply a way to manage it.

Black Box Warnings

fetal/neonatal morbidity/mortality may occur when drugs that act directly on the renin-angiotensin system are used in pregnancy; D/C drug ASAP once pregnancy detected

Adult Dosing

Start: 50 mg PO qd; Max: 100 mg/day; Info: start 25 mg PO qd if on diuretic; decr. efficacy as monotherapy in Black pts, consider combo tx

How old do you have to be to take Losartan?

Losartan is not recommended for children under six years of age, or for children with liver problems.

Can you get pregnant while taking losartan?

Ask your doctor for further information and advice. If you think you could be pregnant while taking losartan you should stop taking it and consult your doctor immediately. If you want to plan a pregnancy you should talk to your doctor in advance, so that your treatment can be switched if possible.

Can you breastfeed with losartan?

It's not known if losartan passes into breast milk. It is not recommended for women who are breastfeeding because other medicines with a more established safety profile are available. Ask your doctor for further advice.

Is Losartan safe for children?

Check the ingredients in the information leaflet that comes with your medicine if you know you have specific allergies or intolerances. Losartan is not recommended for children under six years of age, or for children with liver problems.

Is Losartan a competitive drug?

Losartan competitively inhibits the binding of angiotensin II to AT1 in many tissues including vascular smooth muscle and the adrenal glands. Losartan is metabolized to its active metabolite, E-3174, which is 10 to 40 times more potent than losartan and acts as a non-competitive AT1 antagonist. Inhibition of angiotensin II binding to AT1 inhibits its AT1-mediated vasoconstrictive and aldosterone-secreting effects and results in decreased vascular resistance and blood pressure. Losartan is 1,000 times more selective for AT1 than AT2. Inhibition of aldosterone secretion may increase sodium and water excretion while decreasing potassium excretion. Losartan is effective for reducing blood pressure and may be used to treat essential hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy and diabetic nephropathy.

Does Losartan inhibit aldosterone secretion?

Inhibition of angiotensin II binding to AT1 inhibits its AT1-mediated vasoconstrictive and aldosterone-secreting effects and results in decreased vascular resistance and blood pressure. Losartan is 1,000 times more selective for AT1 than AT2. Inhibition of aldosterone secretion may increase sodium and water excretion while decreasing potassium ...

Indications and Usage For Losartan

Losartan Dosage and Administration

Dosage Forms and Strengths

Contraindications

Warnings and Precautions

• Hypertension
  Losartan potassium tablets are indicated for the treatment of hypertension in adults and pediatric patients 6 years of age and older, to lower blood pressure. Lowering blood pressure lowers the risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular (CV) events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarction…
• Hypertensive Patients with Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
  Losartan potassium tablets are indicated to reduce the risk of stroke in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy, but there is evidence that this benefit does not apply to Black patients [see Use in Specific Populations (8.6) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

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Adverse Reactions

Drug Interactions

Use in Specific Populations

Overdosage

Losartan Description