Here are some criteria that can help ensure appropriate ethical considerations are part of the decisions being made in the organization:
- Compliance - Does it conform to the company's values and code of ethics? ...
- Promote good and reduce harm - What solution will be good to the most people while minimizing any possible harm?
- Responsibility - What alternative provides the most responsible response? ...
- Respects and preserves rights - Does the option negatively impact an individual's or organization's rights?
What are the 8 steps of ethical decision making?
What are the 8 steps in ethical decision making? The eight steps are as follows: 1) identify the problem or dilemma, 2) identify the potential issues involved, 3) review the relevant ethical codes, 4) know the applicable laws and regulations, 5) obtain consultation, 6) consider possible and probable course of action, 7) enumerate the consequences of various decisions
What are the rules of ethical decision making?
Decision-Making Models: The Golden Rule. This most basic and useful ethical theory, sometimes called the “ Rule of Reciprocity ,” has a long history: Confucius ( 500 B.C.): “What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others.”. Aristotle (325 B.C.): “We should behave to others as we wish them to behave to us.”.
What are the steps in ethical decision making?
- Step One: Define the Problem.
- Step Two: Seek Out Resources.
- Step Three: Brainstorm a List of Potential Solutions.
- Step Four: Evaluate Those Alternatives.
- Step Five: Make Your Decision, and Implement It.
- Step Six: Evaluate Your Decision.
What are the principles of ethical decision making?
What are the key messages for ethical decision-making?
- Challenging and complex decisions should be based on the best available evidence and information.
- Personal choices, preferences and best interests should be respected.
- Sensitive open communication, transparency and inclusion should be core elements in all decisions, if possible.
What are the 3 ethical decision criteria?
Answer and Explanation: The answer is "D", the three criteria for making ethical decisions are utilitarianism, rights, and justice.
What are the four ethical decision criteria?
There are different ways to approach decision making by considering four key elements, or rules: the utilitarian rule, moral rights, justice rule, and practical rule.
What are the five 5 ethical decision making process?
Their framework for Ethical Decision making includes: Recognize the Ethical Issue, Get the Facts, Evaluate Alternative Actions, Make a Decision and Test it, Act and Reflect on the Outcome.
What are the 7 principles of ethical decision making?
In brief these are: 1) modify human practices when possible; 2) justify the need for control; 3) have clear and achievable outcome-based objectives; 4) cause the least harm to animals; 5) consider community values and scientific information; 6) include long-term systematic management; and 7) base control on the ...
What are the criteria for decision?
Decision criteria are the principles, values, rules, variables, and conditions that an organization or team uses to select an option or make a decision. These criteria guide teams in selecting a course of action among several alternatives. They improve the quality, rationality, and fairness of the team's decisions.
What are the 6 steps of ethical decision making?
Understanding EthicsKnow the Facts. Before tackling an ethical issue, clearly define the nature of the challenge. ... Identify the Required Information. You don't know what you don't know. ... List the Concerns. ... Develop Possible Resolutions. ... Evaluate the Resolutions. ... Recommend an Action.
What are the 8 steps in ethical decision making?
The eight steps are as follows: 1) identify the problem or dilemma, 2) identify the potential issues involved, 3) review the relevant ethical codes, 4) know the applicable laws and regulations, 5) obtain consultation, 6) consider possible and probable course of action, 7) enumerate the consequences of various decisions ...
What are the 10 steps in ethical decision making?
1 - GATHER THE FACTS. □ Don't jump to conclusions without the facts. ... 2 – DEFINE THE ETHICAL ISSUE(S) ... 3 – IDENTIFY THE AFFECTED PARTIES. ... 4 – IDENTIFY THE CONSEQUENCES. ... 5 – IDENTIFY THE RELEVANT PRINCIPLES,6 – CONSIDER YOUR CHARACTER &7 – THINK CREATIVELY ABOUT POTENTIAL.8 – CHECK YOUR GUT.More items...
What are the 9 strategies for making ethical decisions?
Nine Basic Steps to Personal Ethical Decision MakingPractice ethical behavior actively. ... Beware of "new" ethics programs. ... Define the ethical problem when it arises. ... Formulate alternatives. ... Evaluate the alternatives. ... Seek additional assistance, as appropriate. ... Choose the best ethical alternative.More items...
What are the steps in the ethical decision making process?
Ethical Decision Making ProcessStep One: Define the Problem. ... Step Two: Seek Out Resources. ... Step Three: Brainstorm a List of Potential Solutions. ... Step Four: Evaluate Those Alternatives. ... Step Five: Make Your Decision, and Implement It. ... Step Six: Evaluate Your Decision.
What is the fifth step in the ethical decision making process?
Step 1: Identify the problem articulating the ethical concern. Step 3: Determine the nature and dimensions of the dilemma. Step 4: Generate possible courses of action. Step 5: Consider the potential consequences of all options.
What are Kitchener's 5 principles of ethical decision making?
Kitchener's five ethical principles: autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, justice, and fidelity appear to have relevance for evaluation practice.
What is ethical decision process?
What is a decision procedure in ethics? a. A theory that tells us which actions are right and which are wrong.
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What is the ethical criterion for making decisions?from citeman.com
Another ethical criterion is to focus on rights. This calls on individuals to make decisions consistent with fundamental liberties and privileges as set forth in documents such as the Bill of Rights. An emphasis on rights in decision making means respecting and protecting the basic rights of individuals, such as the right to privacy, ...
What are the three ethical criteria?from citeman.com
THREE ETHICAL DECISION CRITERIA. An individual can use three different criteria in making ethical choices. The first is the utilitarian criterion, in which decisions are made solely on the basis of their outcomes or consequences. The goal of utilitarianism is to provide the greatest good for the greatest number. ...
Why do managers use utilitarianism?from citeman.com
But many critics of business decision makers argue that this perspective needs to change. Increased concern in society in society about individual rights and social justice suggests the need for managers to develop ethical standards based on non utilitarian criteria. This presents a solid challenge to today’s managers because making decisions using criteria such as individual rights and social justice involves far more ambiguities than using utilitarian criteria such as effects on efficiency and profits.
What is the third criterion in the Union?from citeman.com
A third criterion is to focus on justice. This requires individuals to impose and enforce rules fairly and impartially so that there is an equitable distribution of benefits and costs. Union members typically favor this view. It justifies paying people the same wage for a given job, regardless of performance differences, and using seniority as the primary determination in making layoff decisions.
Why is individualism moral?from phantran.net
The individualism approach contends that acts are moral when they promote the indi- vidual’s best long-term interests. Individual self-direction is paramount, and external forces that restrict self-direction should be severely limited.18 Individuals calculate the best long- term advantage to themselves as a measure of how good a decision is. The action that is intended to produce a higher ratio of good to bad for the individual compared with other alternatives is the right one. In theory, with everyone pursuing self-direction, the greater good ultimately is served because people learn to accommodate each other in their own long-term interest.
What is utilitarianism's goal?from citeman.com
The goal of utilitarianism is to provide the greatest good for the greatest number. The view tends to dominate business decision making. It is consistent with goals like efficiency, productivity, and high profits.
What is procedural justice?from phantran.net
Procedural justice requires that rules be administered fairly. Rules should be stated clearly and be enforced consistently and impartially.
What is the ethical criterion for making decisions?
Another ethical criterion is to focus on rights. This calls on individuals to make decisions consistent with fundamental liberties and privileges as set forth in documents such as the Bill of Rights. An emphasis on rights in decision making means respecting and protecting the basic rights of individuals, such as the right to privacy, ...
What are the three ethical criteria?
THREE ETHICAL DECISION CRITERIA. An individual can use three different criteria in making ethical choices. The first is the utilitarian criterion, in which decisions are made solely on the basis of their outcomes or consequences. The goal of utilitarianism is to provide the greatest good for the greatest number. ...
Why do managers use utilitarianism?
But many critics of business decision makers argue that this perspective needs to change. Increased concern in society in society about individual rights and social justice suggests the need for managers to develop ethical standards based on non utilitarian criteria. This presents a solid challenge to today’s managers because making decisions using criteria such as individual rights and social justice involves far more ambiguities than using utilitarian criteria such as effects on efficiency and profits.
What is the third criterion in the Union?
A third criterion is to focus on justice. This requires individuals to impose and enforce rules fairly and impartially so that there is an equitable distribution of benefits and costs. Union members typically favor this view. It justifies paying people the same wage for a given job, regardless of performance differences, and using seniority as the primary determination in making layoff decisions.
What is utilitarianism's goal?
The goal of utilitarianism is to provide the greatest good for the greatest number. The view tends to dominate business decision making. It is consistent with goals like efficiency, productivity, and high profits.
What are the advantages and liabilities of utilitarianism?
Each of these criteria has advantages and liabilities. A focus on utilitarianism promotes efficiency and productivity, but it can result in ignoring the rights of some individuals, particularly those with minority representation in the organization. The use of rights as a criterion protects individuals from injury and is consistent with freedom and privacy, but it can create an overly legalistic work environment that hinders productivity and efficiency. A focus on justice protects the interests of the underrepresented and less powerful, but it can encourage a sense of entitlement that reduces risk taking, innovation, and productivity.
What is the purpose of the chapter on ethical decision making?
The purpose of this chapter is to: 1) Outline the decision making process. 2) Explain the nature of ethical decision making. 3) Provide ethical frameworks used in making decision making.
What is decision making?
Decision making is the action or process of thinking through possible options and selecting one (Bright et. al, 2019). A rudimentary framework for how managers engage in the decision making process contains four steps.
How does utilitarianism impact ethical decisions?
Utilitarianism makes ethical decision making easy once the outcomes have been projected. Will this project potentially harm the local water source? What will that cost in terms of clean up or quality of life? Will building a factory create jobs? After asking a series of questions like this, the outcomes are estimated to total impact or good, however that is defined in your ethical dilemma. However, this ethical framework has two primary limitations. First, the concept of utility (or good) is not always easily defined. Financial analysts can project income and net present values of decisions, and these decisions are easy to make once the numbers are in. But how do you estimate how much satisfaction something will bring? If a decision is going to result in the loss of life, how much is a human life worth? How do you estimate the impact a decision has on the community’s culture? Determining utility and then calculating is easy in some cases, but in most it becomes a major challenge to using this framework. The second challenge for utilitarianism is that maximizing the greatest good for most, might result in the sacrifice of a few. A classic example of utilitarianism is the layoff decision. We need to lay off thirty people so that the company stays solvent, and continues to provide jobs for the remaining seventy people. In this case the company stays solvent, but the thirty workers now struggle to provide for their families. Another example is a mass casualty incident. If a trauma ward is overrun with cases, the lead doctor must make decisions about which patients receive immediate care and which ones must be put aside. In this situation, the doctor is trying to save the most human life, which might result in patients with less serious injuries have to wait hours in pain to be treated.
What is the first challenge in decision making?
Identify the Problem. The first challenge in decision making is working to understand what the problem is . Ineffective managers focus on the symptoms without identifying the underlying issues. A child with a runny nose does not have a runny nose problem, she has an infectious disease causing a running nose.
Why is the law not a good standard?
We put in place laws that allowed for the forced sterilization of 60,000 Americans that the government determined were unworthy of reproduction.
How does an intuitive decision maker make decisions?
The intuitive decision maker simply “knows” what the problem and alternatives are before acting. A manager using analytical tools might uncover new insights from trying to really figure out what the problem is. A democratic manager will rely on the use of the team to work through understanding the problem and figuring out alternative courses of action.
How many decisions do managers make?
Managers make thousands of decisions every day. In most cases they intuit the decision making process and can come to the best solution within nanoseconds of hearing about a problem. These are the types of problems that are routine, and have low consequences.
What is ethical decision making?
An ethical decision-making model is a framework that leaders use to bring these principles to the company and ensure they are followed.
Why is it important to have ethical standards?
Leaders have to develop ethical standards that employees in their company will be required to adhere to. This can help move the conversation toward using a model to decide when someone is in violation of ethics. There are five sources of ethical standards: Utilitarian.
What is a virtue approach?
A virtue approach requires leaders to base ethical standards on universal virtues such as honesty, courage, compassion, tolerance, and many others. Principles that are chosen should cause people to strive to be their better selves and wonder if an inappropriate action will negatively impact their inherent desire to be kind to others.
Why do leaders need to do initial analysis?
Some initial analysis has to happen for leaders to truly understand where they need to bring in ethical principles. Leaders need to decide why an ethical decision needs to be made and the outcomes that are desired for the decision.
How to build trust in leadership?
Build trust and improve leadership communication by sharing regular updates and reasoning behind your decisions.
What is the purpose of the rights approach?
The intent is for people to be treated fairly and with dignity and not as a means to an end. Fairness.
Why should leaders strive to protect the well-being of those around them?
This ethical standard puts a lot of emphasis on relationships, and how compassion for the fellow man should drive people to do good by others.
How to tackle ethical issues?
Before tackling an ethical issue, clearly define the nature of the challenge. Often, it can begin simply with a process, or decision that makes a leader uncomfortable. That’s a warning sign. Take the time to explore the issue in detail. 2.
What is the heart of a good business?
Last Updated March 2, 2020. The heart of a good business is not profits or best-of-breed products and services. Those are results from what lies at the core of good business: good ethics. Unethical behavior has derailed companies across industries.
Is not making a choice the wrong choice?
It’s time to decide. Not making a choice is the wrong choice. Business leaders must work through these steps and arrive at a decision if they hope to retain trust among team members, executives, shareholders, and consumers. Any recommendation must also be implemented.
Is it easy to maintain an ethical organization?
Maintaining an ethical organization is no easy task. However, it is essential to long-term success. A business without an ethical foundation eventually will run into trouble, as has been proven time and again. Taking the time to master the steps of ethical decision-making is a must for business leaders.
What is ethical decision making?
Making ethical decisions requires sensitivity to the ethical implications of problems and situations. It also requires practice. Having a framework for ethical decision making is essential. We hope that the information above is helpful in developing your own experience in making choices.
What is the framework for making ethical decisions?
MAKING CHOICES: A FRAMEWORK FOR MAKING ETHICAL DECISIONS. Decisions about right and wrong permeate everyday life. Ethics should concern all levels of life: acting properly as individuals, creating responsible organizations and governments, and making our society as a whole more ethical. This document is designed as an introduction ...
Why is the ethical framework important?
Obviously, this framework is useful in situations that ask what sort of person one should be. As a way of making sense of the world, it allows for a wide range of behaviors to be called ethical, as there might be many different types of good character and many paths to developing it. Consequently, it takes into account all parts of human experience and their role in ethical deliberation, as it believes that all of one’s experiences, emotions, and thoughts can influence the development of one’s character.
How do ethics and law relate?
Ethics is sometimes conflated or confused with other ways of making choices, including religion, law or morality. Many religions promote ethical decision-making but do not always address the full range of ethical choices that we face. Religions may also advocate or prohibit certain behaviors which may not be considered the proper domain of ethics, such as dietary restrictions or sexual behaviors. A good system of law should be ethical, but the law establishes precedent in trying to dictate universal guidelines, and is thus not able to respond to individual contexts. Law may have a difficult time designing or enforcing standards in some important areas, and may be slow to address new problems. Both law and ethics deal with questions of how we should live together with others, but ethics is sometimes also thought to apply to how individuals act even when others are not involved. Finally, many people use the terms morality and ethics interchangeably. Others reserve morality for the state of virtue while seeing ethics as a code that enables morality. Another way to think about the relationship between ethics and morality is to see ethics as providing a rational basis for morality, that is, ethics provides good reasons for why something is moral.
What is the relationship between ethics and morality?
Others reserve morality for the state of virtue while seeing ethics as a code that enables morality. Another way to think about the relationship between ethics and morality is to see ethics as providing a rational basis for morality, that is, ethics provides good reasons for why something is moral. 2.
Why is evenhandedness important?
This even-handedness encourages treating everyone with equal dignity and respect.
What are the benefits of Consequences Framework?
Among the advantages of this ethical framework is that focusing on the results of an action is a pragmatic approach. It helps in situations involving many people, some of whom may benefit from the action, while others may not.
