The global north is composed of most first and second world countries while the global south is composed of third world and developing countries. The global north is defined as the rich and developed region while the global south is poorer and less developed.
What is the Global North and the Global South?
The theory of the Global North and Global South is a new geopolitical perspective. It divides the world into two blocs – the industrialized countries of the global North and the poor countries of the South on the global level of analysis.
What divides the world into North and South?
The divide between the so-called Global North and Global South is based on the Brandt Line, a physical line dividing the world into “north” and “south”. Unlike the equator, it is not based on latitude, but rather on economic status of the countries it divides.
What is the difference between “Global South” and “developing countries”?
In current culture, however, that term is normally used as a euphemism for “developing countries”. The term “Global South”, however, whilst also being a euphemism for “developing countries”, is generally used in the context of the economic and developmental disparity between countries in the northern and southern hemispheres.
Is there inequality between North and South?
To address the question of inequality of the Global North vs. South, one must begin at the point of origin; in which the two drastically diverged with respect to the differences in standards of living, thus creating the inequality gap we know today that separates the global north and south.
What is the difference between Global North and Global South climate change?
Global South: The Climate Divide. We often think of the Climate Divide as a one-way street. The richer, industrialized countries of the north contribute more to climate change than do the developing countries of the south, and those in the south are left to deal with the consequences.
What is the difference between north and south divide?
The north-south divide is a term used to describe the social, economic and cultural disparities between the London and the south-east of England and the rest of the UK. People living in the south-east typically have a longer life expectancy, higher income and better standard of living than those living in the north.
What is the difference between Global South and the Third World countries?
Global South thus incorporates not only spaces that used to be referred to before as Third World, but also spaces in the North that are characterized by exploitation, oppression and neocolonial relations, such as indigenous and black communities (and immigrant communities) in Western societies; and vice versa, some ...
Why is there a gap between Global North and Global South?
There are many causes for these inequalities including the availability of natural resources; different levels of health and education; the nature of a country's economy and its industrial sectors; international trading policies and access to markets; how countries are governed and international relationships between ...
What is the difference between Global North and Global South give at least 5 countries that belong to Global North and another 5 countries that belong to Global South?
That while, the Global North represent the economically developed societies of Europe, North America, Australia, Israel, South Africa, amongst others, the Global South represents the economically backward countries of Africa, India, China, Brazil, Mexico amongst others.
What are the characteristics of the Global North and Global South countries?
States that are generally seen as part of the Global North tend to be wealthier and less unequal with large, well-developed infrastructure as well as advanced technology, manufacturing and energy industries. Southern states are generally developing countries with younger institutions.
What is the difference between global north and global south essay?
The Global North is composed of the primary, developed leaders, such as the United States, Australia, and European Union. On the other side of the economic and political spectrum lies the Global South, which is composed primarily of Third World nations.
How does global north and global south differ in economy and population?
The global north includes the richest countries that have the most up to date technology and resources, whilst the global south are countries that usually have less resources and money, so therefore their citizens are more likely to suffer from poverty.
How can you differentiate Global North and South as to political social and economic aspects?
The global north is defined as the rich and developed region while the global south is poorer and less developed. South countries have suffered many economic crises while north countries don't have many serious economic problems.
What are the issues in North and South?
North-South Problem. The North-South problem is a general term signifying various problems relating to the economic and social development of the developing countries, particularly the problems of trade and aid. The year 1972 is the fourth year since the second U.N.
What are the characteristics of Global South?
The term "global south" refers to those countries which are developing or underdeveloped....Answer and Explanation:High Level of Unemployment: High level of Unemployment in such countries is a key cause of poverty.High dependence on Agriculture: 70% of the population depends on agriculture and lacks scientific farming.More items...
How do you identify Philippines Global North or Global South?
Conversely, most of Asia, Central America, South America, Mexico, Africa and the Middle East are in the Global South. I brought this up because the Global South, which includes the Philippines, has traditionally relied on an abundance of inexpensive labor to prop up their economies.
Why is there a north-south divide in the US?
The division began long before the onset of the war in 1861. It had many causes, but there were two main issues that split the nation: first was the issue of slavery, and second was the balance of power in the federal government.
What divides the North and South of the US?
The term Mason and Dixon Line was first used in congressional debates leading to the Missouri Compromise (1820). Today the Mason-Dixon Line still serves figuratively as the political and social dividing line between the North and the South, although it does not extend west of the Ohio River.
What is the north-south divide in America?
The states are heavily sorted by geography, with the dividing line at parallel 36°30′ (by chance, the line that delineated the boundary between new slave and free states in the Missouri Compromise).
What is the meaning of South and North?
The expression the North is used to mean the richer countries which are mainly in Europe, North America, and parts of East Asia, and the South is used to mean the poorer countries of Africa, Asia, and Central and South America Latest statistics suggest the North/South divide is becoming even more pronounced.
What are the differences between the North and South?
The Global North correlates with Western Europe and Northern America, as well as Australia, Israel, Japan, New Zealand, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan–while the South largely corresponds with the developing countries (previously called " Third World ") such as Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean (among others). The two groups are often defined in terms of their differing levels of wealth, economic development, income inequality, democracy, and political and economic freedom, as defined by freedom indices. States that are generally seen as part of the Global North tend to be wealthier and less unequal; they are developed countries, more democratic in nature, which export technologically advanced manufactured products. Southern states are generally poorer developing countries with younger, more fragile democracies heavily dependent on primary sector exports, and they frequently share a history of past colonialism by Northern states. Nevertheless, the divide between the North and the South is often challenged.
What is the global South?
The Global South is a term often used to identify lower-income countries on one side of the so-called global North–South divide, the other side being the countries of the Global North (often equated with developed countries ). As such the term does not inherently refer to a geographical south; for example, most of the Global South is actually ...
How does dependency theory explain the development disparity between the North and South?
Dependency theory looks back on the patterns of colonial relations which persisted between the North and South and emphasizes how colonized territories tended to be impoverished by those relations. Theorists of this school maintain that the economies of ex-colonial states remain oriented towards serving external rather than internal demand, and that development regimes undertaken in this context have tended to reproduce in underdeveloped countries the pronounced class hierarchies found in industrialized countries while maintaining higher levels of poverty. Dependency theory is closely intertwined with Latin American Structuralism, the only school of development economics emerging from the Global South to be affiliated with a national research institute and to receive support from national banks and finance ministries. The Structuralists defined dependency as the inability of a nation's economy to complete the cycle of capital accumulation without reliance on an outside economy. More specifically, peripheral nations were perceived as primary resource exporters reliant on core economies for manufactured goods. This led the Structuralists to advocate for import-substitution industrialization policies which aimed to replace manufactured imports with domestically made products.
What are the factors that direct the economic development of states within the Global South?
Furthermore, in Regionalism Across the North-South Divide: State Strategies and Globalization, Jean Grugel states that the three factors that direct the economic development of states within the Global south is "élite behaviour within and between nation states, integration and cooperation within 'geographic' areas, and the resulting position of states and regions within the global world market and related political economic hierarchy."
What percentage of the world's manufacturing is in the North?
In economic terms, as of the early 21st century, the North—with one quarter of the world population—controls four-fifths of the income earned anywhere in the world. 90% of the manufacturing industries are owned by and located in the North.
Why do firms cluster in the North?
New Economic Geography explains development disparities in terms of the physical organization of industry, arguing that firms tend to cluster in order benefit from economies of scale and increase productivity which leads ultimately to an increase in wages. The North has more firm clustering than the South, making its industries more competitive. It is argued that only when wages in the North reach a certain height, will it become more profitable for firms to operate in the South, allowing clustering to begin.
What is the stereotype of developing countries?
This common coverage has created a dominant stereotype of developing countries as: "the ' South ' is characterized by socioeconomic and political backwardness, measured against Western values and standards." Mass media's role often compares the Global South to the North and is thought to be an aid in the divide.
How are the North and South similar?
Similarities Between the North and South. Both the northern and Southern hemispheres are separated by the equator. The earth also rotates at a similar pace at the equator around 1040 miles per hour, however at both the North and south poles it is almost static. At both the South and north poles there is a full 24 hours during summer ...
What is the North?
A hemisphere is half of a sphere. The northern hemisphere simply means the Northern half of the earth. The Northern hemisphere is separated from the South by a line called an equator. The hemisphere runs from zero degrees all the way North until ninety degrees’ latitude or rather the North Pole. The Northern Hemisphere is mostly land and contains most of the countries including; Europe, Asia, two thirds of Africa, part of South America and a small area of Australia. The Northern Hemisphere contains 60.7% of water and 39.3% land.
Why is it so difficult to see the galaxy from the Southern Hemisphere?
It is much suitable to make deep-space observations from the Northern Hemisphere as compared to the Southern because it is further away from the galaxy center making the view much clearer and less- contaminated by the stars’ strong light. It is much difficult to view the galaxy from the Southern Hemisphere as the stars are really bight blocking the view.
What are the two poles of the Northern and Southern hemispheres?
The tips of the Northern and Southern hemispheres are known as the North and South pole respectively.
What is the South hemisphere?
What is the South? The southern hemisphere simply implies the Southern half of the world. This sphere is defined along the equator and runs from zero degrees all the way South to the South pole. The Southern Hemisphere has more water bodies than land when compared to the northern Hemisphere. The water percentage in the Southern hemisphere is 80.9 %.
Which direction do shadows move?
The shadows move clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and anti-clockwise in the Southern hemisphere.
What is the water percentage in the Southern Hemisphere?
The water percentage in the Southern hemisphere is 80.9 %. There are also less countries within the Southern Hemisphere including a third of Africa, most of South America and nearly the whole of Australia.
What is North-South inequality?
North-South inequality is a multi-layered and complex issue exposing the deepest layers of global politics and society. This inequality is manifested not only in differences between wealth and ownership, but also in the manner it affects power, culture and perceptions. It is perhaps ironic that perceptions of inequality among the middle class of the ‘Global South’ relate profoundly to their specific world image and perceptions of themselves and others. Clearly however, as Pieterse (2004, p. 108) observed, there are elements of ‘Global South’ in the North and of ‘Global North’ in the South and privilege and poverty are no longer divided neatly along geographical lines. Globalisation is portrayed as an unavoidable and irreversible process that is constantly reshaping global society. According to this view, globalisation is the direct result of technological developments, with the revolution in telecommunications in particular paving the way for the establishment of a innovative, global, financial system. However, this view has been criticised by many scholars. The truth is that technological change has only facilitated the globalisation process. Expansion of the markets during the last decades of the 20th century specifically after 1970 ), to countries in the ‘Third World’ - and since 1989 to Eastern Europe - has been a far more important element in the process of globalisation (Lewellen 2002, pp. 27-28). Additionally, the development of a global labour market is a vital element in the globalisation process (Went 2000, p. 53).
Which countries are not part of the First or Second World?
Countries such as India, Indonesia, Egypt and Yugoslavia were the leaders of these non-aligned states. Presently, the term is generally used to describe countries that are not part of the First or Second world and includes the undeveloped countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America.
How does globalization affect inequality?
Supporters of the idea that globalisation is boosting global inequality believe that economic globalisation boosts global inequality by boosting world productivity. Consequently, this will create greater world surplus and subsequently increase global income inequality. An increase in world surplus is based on ‘The Lenski Principle’, described in the book, ‘Power and Privilege’ by this author. Lenski (cited in Firebaugh and Goesling 2007, p. 552) noted that very poor sections of societies have relatively low levels of inequality because there is little surplus for the elites to appropriate. Firebaugh and Goesling (2007, p. 568) also observed that, ‘... as societies become richer, however, there is more surplus for the elites to appropriate so that up to a point income inequality rises with economic growth’.
What are the three main schools of thought that argue that globalization is a positive or negative event?
Scholars have named three main schools of thought in the globalisation debate: the Globalists, the Sceptics, and the Transformationalists (Held et al. 1999, p. 2). The globalists argue that globalisation is a new historical convergence, the Sceptics refuse to accept globalisation as factual and consider it a myth and the Transformationalists combine both schools of thought and study the issue of globalisation as an event that is unfinished and remains a work-in-progress. According to Held et al. (1999, pp. 3-7), Transformationists also view contemporary economics as an ongoing transformation. Thus, the Globalists and the Sceptics are situated at opposite ends of the spectrum while the transformationalists attempt to develop the middle ground between the two poles (Glenn 2007, p. 34).
What is geopolitics in politics?
Geopolitics is currently a central concept in debates about the nature of military globalisation, colonisation and imperialism.
How many indigenous people are there in the 4th world?
In addition to the above-mentioned ‘First’, ‘Second’ and ‘Third’ worlds, the term ‘Fourth World’, is now often used to describe the estimated 6000 groups of indigenous peoples scattered across the globe (Lewellen 2002, p. 206). The total population of these groups is estimated to be between 300 to 600 million and typically represent the poorest of the poor in the countries they inhabit and are often further disadvantaged by racist and discriminatory policies enacted by those countries (Lewellen 2002, pp. 207-208). Kegley and Blanton (2011, p. 237) observed that, ‘...between 1900 and 1987 about 130 million indigenous people were slaughtered by state-sponsored genocide in their own countries’.
What countries are considered the third world?
Countries such as China, Cuba, Vietnam, and North Korea remain however, communist states with central government oriented economies. The designation ‘Third World’ was originally used to describe non-aligned States that avoided buying into the Cold War between the USSR and USA (Lewellen 2002, p. 206).
Overview
Challenges
The accuracy of the North–South divide has been challenged on a number of grounds. Firstly, differences in the political, economic and demographic make-up of countries tend to complicate the idea of a monolithic South. Globalization has also challenged the notion of two distinct economic spheres. Following the liberalization of post-Mao China initiated in 1978, growing regional cooperation between the national economies of Asia has led to the growing decentraliza…
Definition
The terms are not strictly geographical, and are not "an image of the world divided by the equator, separating richer countries from their poorer counterparts." Rather, geography should be more readily understood as economic and migratory, the world understood through the "wider context of globalization or global capitalism."
Society and culture
The global digital divide is often characterized as corresponding to the north–south divide; however, Internet use, and especially broadband access, is now soaring in Asia compared with other continents. This phenomenon is partially explained by the ability of many countries in Asia to leapfrog older Internet technology and infrastructure, coupled with booming economies which allow vastly more people to get online.
Development of the terms
The first use of Global South in a contemporary political sense was in 1969 by Carl Oglesby, writing in Catholic journal Commonweal in a special issue on the Vietnam War. Oglesby argued that centuries of northern "dominance over the global south […] [has] converged […] to produce an intolerable social order."
The term gained appeal throughout the second half of the 20th century, which …
Defining development
Being categorized as part of the "North" implies development as opposed to belonging to the "South", which implies a lack thereof. According to N. Oluwafemi Mimiko, the South lacks the right technology, it is politically unstable, its economies are divided, and its foreign exchange earnings depend on primary product exports to the North, along with the fluctuation of prices. The low level of control it exercises over imports and exports condemns the South to conform to the 'imperiali…
Theories explaining the divide
The development disparity between the North and the South has sometimes been explained in historical terms. Dependency theory looks back on the patterns of colonial relations which persisted between the North and South and emphasizes how colonized territories tended to be impoverished by those relations. Theorists of this school maintain that the economies of ex-colonial states remain oriented towards serving external rather than internal demand, and that d…
Future development
Some economists have argued that international free trade and unhindered capital flows across countries could lead to a contraction in the North–South divide. In this case more equal trade and flow of capital would allow the possibility for developing countries to further develop economically.
As some countries in the South experience rapid development, there is evidence that those state…