What are the names of the two types of diabetes?
What Are The Different Types of Diabetes?
- Type 2 Diabetes. The most common form of diabetes is type 2. ...
- Type 1 Diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder, in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells in the pancreas.
- Prediabetes. ...
- Gestational Diabetes. ...
- Treatment for Different Types of Diabetes. ...
- Curing Diabetes Type 1. ...
Is type one diabetes worse than type two diabetes?
The two types of diabetes have some important differences, but there is no clear answer regarding which one is worse. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder. This means that your body attacks itself if you have it. The body’s immune system does not recognize the beta cells in your pancreas and attacks them.
Is type one diabetes more common than type two diabetes?
Without enough insulin, cells lose the ability to take in glucose from blood. In type 2 diabetes, the body doesn’t make or use insulin well. Type 1 diabetes is more common in children than type 2. In adults, the reverse is true. The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study examined new cases of diabetes diagnosed in youths under the age of 20.
Is diabetes insipidus recognized as a disability?
In the US, the American Disabilities Act recognizes diabetes as a disability. Diabetes alone, however, is often not reason enough to qualify for Social Security Disability Insurance. In Canada, a person with diabetes who proves that they intensively manage their diabetes care can qualify for the Disability Tax Credit. Their approval has nothing to do with being disabled.
What are the types of diabetes insipidus?
There are 2 main types of diabetes insipidus: cranial diabetes insipidus. nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
Is type 2 diabetes called diabetes insipidus?
While the terms "diabetes insipidus" and "diabetes mellitus" sound similar, they're not related. Diabetes mellitus — which involves high blood sugar levels and can occur as type 1 or type 2 — is common and often referred to simply as diabetes.
What are the two main symptoms of diabetes insipidus?
Symptoms of Diabetes InsipidusSevere thirst.Peeing more than 3 liters a day (your doctor might call this polyuria)Getting up to go a lot at night.Peeing during sleep (bed-wetting)Pale, colorless urine.Low measured concentration of urine.Preference for cold drinks.Dehydration.More items...•
What happens during diabetes insipidus?
Diabetes insipidus happens when your body doesn't make enough antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or your kidneys don't use it properly. Your body needs ADH to retain appropriate amounts of water. Without ADH, your body loses water through urine. Diabetes mellitus is much more common than diabetes insipidus.
Which drug can cause diabetes insipidus?
Lithium is the most common cause of acquired nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. It's a medication often used to treat bipolar disorder. Long-term lithium use can damage the cells of the kidneys so they no longer respond to AVP.
Can diabetes insipidus damage kidneys?
As a result of these symptoms, people may also experience dehydration and disrupted sleep. Without sufficient treatment, diabetes insipidus can also lead to permanent kidney damage.
Is diabetes insipidus serious?
Diabetes insipidus usually doesn't cause serious problems. Adults rarely die from it as long as they drink enough water. But the risk of death is higher for infants, seniors, and those who have mental illnesses. That may be because they have trouble recognizing their thirst, or they can't do anything about it.
What happens if diabetes insipidus goes untreated?
Without treatment, diabetes insipidus can cause dehydration and, eventually, coma due to concentration of salts in the blood, particularly sodium.
What would be the most obvious symptom of diabetes insipidus?
The two main symptoms of diabetes insipidus are: extreme thirst (polydipsia) passing large amounts of urine, even at night (polyuria) – more than three litres in 24 hours is considered abnormal.
Can diabetes insipidus be cured?
Living with diabetes insipidus There is no cure for diabetes insipidus. But you can work with your doctor to manage the symptoms. Medicine can help prevent the constant thirst and excessive urination that comes with this condition.
What is the test for diabetes insipidus?
The water deprivation test is the best test to diagnose central diabetes insipidus. In a water deprivation test, urine production, blood electrolyte levels, and weight are measured regularly for a period of about 12 hours, during which the person is not allowed to drink.
What are the risk factors of diabetes insipidus?
Common Risk FactorsGenetics.Polycystic kidney disease.Pituitary disorders.Hypothalamic injury.Hypercalcemia.Head tumors.Pregnancy.Sickle cell disease.More items...•
What is the difference between diabetes and diabetes insipidus?
In diabetes mellitus, the level of glucose in your blood, also called blood sugar, is too high. Your kidneys try to remove the extra glucose by passing it in your urine. In diabetes insipidus, your blood glucose levels are normal, but your kidneys can't properly concentrate urine.
What is the main difference between diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus?
Diabetes mellitus is more commonly known simply as diabetes. It's when your pancreas doesn't produce enough insulin to control the amount of glucose, or sugar, in your blood. Diabetes insipidus is a rare condition that has nothing to do with the pancreas or blood sugar.
Why is diabetes insipidus called diabetes?
The word diabetes means 'to go through' - describing the excessive urination. Insipidus means the urine is tasteless, whereas mellitus suggests it is sweet from its sugar content. This terminology dates back to a time when physicians literally dipped a finger in the patient's urine and tested its taste.
Is type 2 diabetes the same as diabetes mellitus?
Type 2 diabetes is also called type 2 diabetes mellitus and adult-onset diabetes. That's because it used to start almost always in middle- and late-adulthood. However, more and more children and teens are developing this condition.
How common is diabetes insipidus?
Diabetes insipidus is rare, affecting about 1 in 25,000 people worldwide. 1
How do health care professionals diagnose diabetes insipidus?
Your health care professional will do a physical exam and ask questions about your health history, including your family’s health. Other tests and procedures may include
How do eating, diet, and nutrition affect diabetes insipidus?
To reduce symptoms, your health care professional may suggest you eat a diet that is low in salt and protein to help your kidneys make less urine. In some cases, these changes alone may be enough to keep your symptoms under control, particularly if you have nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. 2,7
What is nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus occurs when the kidneys do not respond normally to vasopressin and continue to remove too much fluid from a person's bloodstream. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus can result from inherited gene changes, or mutations, that prevent the kidneys from responding to vasopressin. Other causes of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus include
How much urine does diabetes insipidus cause?
In most people, the kidneys pass about 1 to 2 quarts of urine a day. In people with diabetes insipidus, the kidneys can pass 3 to 20 quarts of urine a day.
How much urine does a diabetic make?
Diabetes insipidus is a rare disorder that causes the body to make too much urine. While most people make 1 to 3 quarts of urine a day , people with diabetes insipidus can make up to 20 quarts of urine a day. People with this disorder need to urinate frequently, called polyuria. They may also feel thirsty all the time and drink lots of liquids, a condition called polydipsia.
How many consecutive urine tests show diabetes insipidus?
Urine concentration increases only slightly in two to three consecutive measurements. At the end of the test, a health care provider will compare the patient's blood sodium, vasopressin levels, and urine concentration to determine whether the patient has diabetes insipidus.
How much urine does diabetes insipidus cause?
A healthy adult will typically urinate less than 3 quarts of urine a day. People with DI may eliminate up to 16 quarts of urine a day.
What hormone is released when you urinate?
When your body needs to retain water, the pituitary gland will release the vasopressin into the blood stream. When you need to get rid of water, the hormone is either released in smaller amounts or not released at all, and you will urinate more often.
How does the body regulate fluid levels?
Your body regulates fluid levels by making less urine when you need to replace fluid lost to sweating, or by making more urine when there is too much fluid in your body. Your brain regulates this process in a few ways. The hypothalamus, a part of the brain, regulates your feeling of thirst and the need to drink water.
What happens when the regulation system breaks down?
When any part of this regulation system breaks down, it can lead to diabetes insipidus.
What does DI mean in a urine test?
DI results in extreme thirst and frequent urination of dilute and odorless urine. There are several types of DI, and they can often be successfully treated. Keep reading to learn more about this condition.
What are the symptoms of a diahria?
excessive thirst. dehydration. high fever. dry skin. delayed growth. Adults can experience some of the above symptoms, plus confusion, dizziness, or sluggishness. DI can also lead to severe dehydration, which can lead to seizures, brain damage, and even death if not treated.
How much fluid is in your body?
Fluids make up as much as 60 percent of your overall body mass. Maintaining the proper amount of fluid in your body is key to your overall health. Consuming water and food throughout the day helps provide fluid to your body. Urinating, breathing, and sweating help to eliminate fluid from your body.
Why is dipsogenic diabetes insipidus not related to ADH?
Dipsogenic diabetes insipidus is not related to ADH, and is caused by drinking too much fluid.
How does gestational diabetes insipidus affect pregnant women?
Gestational diabetes insipidus affects pregnant women. It is caused by enzymes made by the placenta, a temporary organ that provides nourishment to the fetus. Sometimes these enzymes interfere with the kidneys’ ability to process ADH. Gestational diabetes insipidus usually goes away shortly after the pregnancy is over.
What would happen if a person with diabetes insipidus was in the desert with no access to water?
For example, if a person without diabetes insipidus were in the desert with no access to water, he or she would produce more ADH hormone and hold water from the urine; a person with diabetes insipidus would continue to urinate the water and would become dehydrated.
Why can't my kidneys retain water?
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus happens when there is enough ADH, but the kidneys don’t respond to it properly and can’t retain the water. This can be caused by a reaction to a medication, often lithium. It can also be caused by a defect in the genes, a high level of calcium in the blood (hypercalcemia), or kidney disease.
What is the secretion of antidiuretic hormone?
Diabetes insipidus is a rare condition in which there is a problem with the secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). ADH, also called vasopressin, controls the amount of water the kidneys release in the urine. ADH is stored in the pituitary gland, which is located behind the bridge of the nose.
How much urine do diabetics need?
Most people urinate one to two liters of urine a day, but a person with diabetes insipidus might urinate three liters or more. Patients often wake up in the middle of the night to urinate. Because they are losing a lot of water in the urine, these patients are at risk for dehydration.
What causes central diabetes insipidus?
This can be caused by damage to the pituitary gland or the hypothalamus, a section of the brain near the pituitary gland. The hypothalamus produces ADH and other hormones and controls their release.
Why does dipsogenic diabetes insipidus occur?
Dipsogenic diabetes insipidus arises due to malfunction of the thirst mechanism. Damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland may lead to this condition.
What is central diabetes insipidus?
Central or cranial diabetes insipidus. This occurs if there is a low level of vasopressin or antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the body. The deficiency means the kidneys are not prevented from excreting large amounts of urine and instead large volumes of dilute urine are expelled, even when the body has become dehydrated.
Why is ADH not responding to kidneys?
This may occur due to kidney damage or medications such as lithium reducing the expression of water channels in the kidneys called aquaporins.
What causes granuloma in the pituitary gland?
Granuloma formation in the pituitary gland may be another cause. Head injuries (in around 17%) Brain surgery (in around 9%) Meningitis and encephalitis may cause a small number of cases . Sheehan's syndrome and haemochromotosis or deposition of iron in pituitary/hypothalamic tissue.
What causes aquaporin to be low?
The use of medications such as demeclocycline or lithium which reduce aquaporin expression. Amyloidosis. Obstructive uropathy. Chronic kidney disease. Polycystic kidney disease.
Is Langerhans cell histiocytosis idiopathic?
Langerhans cell histiocytosis. About a quarter of cases are idiopathic or without a known cause.
Why do all four types of diabetes insipidus share the same fact?
All four types of diabetes insipidus share the fact that they are due to a hormonal abnormality, although the causes of that vary.
What is the name of the hormone that controls the body's natural processes?
A hormone called vasopressin (a.k.a. antidiuretic hormone, or ADH) is key to these processes. 1
Why does my urine turn excessive during pregnancy?
Gestational DI occurs during pregnancy and can be caused by two different factors: The placenta produces an enzyme that breaks down vasopressin in the mother's body, leading to excessive urine because the kidneys draw too much fluid from the bloodstream.
What is the cause of central diabetes?
Central Diabetes Insipidus. Central DI is the result of damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary glands. Because those glands both play a role in the production, storage, and release of the hormone, damage can disrupt the system. That causes the kidneys to filter too much fluid out of the blood, which leads to excess urination.
How much urine do you produce in a day?
Typically, you produce somewhere between one and two quarts of urine in a day. From the kidneys, the urine travels down small tubes called ureters to the bladder, where it's stored until the bladder becomes full and you need to urinate. A hormone called vasopressin is key to these processes.
What does dizziness mean?
Dizziness. Confusion. Sluggishness, dizziness, and confusion can be signs of severe dehydration, which requires immediate medical care. Without proper treatment, it can lead to seizures, brain damage, and even death. DI can also cause an imbalance of electrolytes in your blood.
Why do I have a di?
This form of DI occurs because of a defect in the thirst mechanism —your body's signal that you need to take in fluids—which resides in your hypothalamus. This defect makes you abnormally thirst all the time.
What Causes Diabetes Insipidus?
The kidneys are the filtering system of the body. One of the things that they filter are the extra fluids that are within the body’s bloodstream. When there is too much water, then these extra fluids are stored in the bladder and become urine. When the kidneys are working properly, the amount of urine that is created will rise or fall based on the fluid levels that are placed within the body.
What Does ‘Insipidus’ Mean?
It basically means that the urine of the person with this disease is dull, lacking flavor, or both. This is the reason why it is considered a type of diabetes.
How Is Diabetes Insipidus Diagnosed?
If you present with the symptoms of diabetes insipidus to your doctor and this is the suspected problem, then there are urine and blood tests that can help to determine if this condition is present. These tests include testing sodium levels, blood plasma concentrations, and urine concentration levels.
Is Diabetes Insipidus Serious?
Diabetes insipidus is not going to lead to kidney failure. The presence of this disease is not an indication that someone will need to start dialysis at some point in the future. The kidneys are actually still operational when this disease is present. They filter out the contaminants that are in the blood. During the process of this filtering action, they just take too much water out of the body. This means the goal of any treatment is going to be to replace those fluids and limit the extreme thirst that some people have when diabetes insipidus is present.
What does it mean when your urine is pale yellow?
This means someone may be producing the same amount of urine as they normally do. Paying attention to the color and consistency of the urine becomes important in the beginning stages of diabetes insipidus. Urine that is pale yellow or clear, accompanied by increased thirst without extra activities, can be an indication of the presence of this disease.
Why is nephrogenic diabetes insipidus so serious?
This is because the kidneys are failing to read the Vasopressin that is being produced by the body. Sometimes this resistance is caused by a medication and may resolve if that medication is removed from the body.
How much urine is needed for diabetes insipidus?
It can range from just 2 quarts of diluted urine per day to over 20 quarts per day if water consumption is out of control.
What causes diluted urine?
Gestational diabetes insipidus is rare. It occurs only during pregnancy when an enzyme made by the placenta destroys ADH in the mother. Primary polydipsia. Also known as dipsogenic diabetes insipidus, this condition can cause production of large amounts of diluted urine from drinking excessive amounts of fluids.
What causes central diabetes insipidus?
Central diabetes insipidus. Damage to the pituitary gland or hypothalamus from surgery, a tumor, head injury or illness can cause central diabetes insipidus by affecting the usual production, storage and release of ADH. An inherited genetic disease also can cause this condition. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
Why is my kidney not responding to ADH?
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus occurs when there's a defect in the structures in your kidneys that makes your kidneys unable to properly respond to ADH. The defect may be due to an inherited (genetic) disorder or a chronic kidney disorder.
How much urine does a diabetic drink a day?
Signs and symptoms of diabetes insipidus include: If your condition is serious and you drink a lot of fluids, you can produce as much as 20 quarts (about 19 liters) of urine a day. A healthy adult typically urinates an average of 1 to 2 quarts (about 1 to 2 liters) a day.
What is diabetes insipidus?
Overview. Diabetes insipidus (die-uh-BEE-teze in-SIP-uh-dus) is an uncommon disorder that causes an imbalance of fluids in the body. This imbalance leads you to produce large amounts of urine. It also makes you very thirsty even if you have something to drink.
What are the symptoms of electrolytes in diabetes?
Symptoms of an electrolyte imbalance may include: Weakness. Nausea.
Which glands are located within the brain and control hormone production?
Close. Pituitary gland and hypothalamus. Pituitary gland and hypothalamus. The pituitary gland and the hypothalamus are located within the brain and control hormone production. Diabetes insipidus occurs when your body can't properly balance the body's fluid levels. Your kidneys filter the fluid portion of your blood to remove waste products.
What hormone releases when the body has a low level of fluid?
It only releases the hormone when your body has a low level of fluid. Once released vasopressin signals your kidneys to produce more concentrated urine of a smaller volume. With little or no vasopressin in your body, the kidneys let go of more fluid leading to larger amounts of urine.
What is the best treatment for diabetes insipidus?
Synthetic hormones and medication are the most reliable in treating diabetes insipidus. After tests for diabetes insipidus give a positive diagnosis, follow the recommendations of your healthcare provider. Additionally, strive to keep your symptoms under control.
What is the specific gravity of urine for diabetes insipidus?
You have Diabetes Insipidus if your results are below these minimum diabetes insipidus lab values. A urine specific gravity of 1,005 or less.
What is the blood test for diabetes?
A blood test also helps identify some types of Diabetes Insipidus. Fluid deprivation test – The fluid deprivation test uses thirst to see how much fluid you lose from your body. Substitutes of vasopressin may be given by your doctor in the diagnostic process.
What blood test is used to diagnose diabetes?
Blood Tests – Blood tests for Diabetes Insipidus diagnosis measure the levels of calcium, sodium and bicarbonates in a blood sample collected via venipuncture. Diabetes Insipidus sodium levels are usually higher than average. A blood test also helps identify some types of Diabetes Insipidus.
How much urine do you produce with diabetes?
In most people, you produce about 1 to 2 quarts of urine every day. With Diabetes Insipidus, you have to urinate 3 to 20 quarts per day. Diabetes Insipidus makes you frequently thirsty but does not alter your blood glucose levels.
What causes dipsogenic diabetes?
Dipsogenic Diabetes Insipidus is caused by a fault in your body’s thirst mechanism. Such a fault could cause an increase in thirst and liquid intake. This suppresses secretion of vasopressin. High liquid intake leads to increased urine output in the kidneys.
