10.4 Types of Metamorphism and Where They Occur
- Burial Metamorphism. Burial metamorphism occurs when sediments are buried deeply enough that the heat and pressure cause minerals to begin to recrystallize and new minerals to grow, but does not ...
- Regional Metamorphism. ...
- Seafloor (Hydrothermal) Metamorphism. ...
- Subduction Zone Metamorphism. ...
- Contact Metamorphism. ...
- Shock Metamorphism. ...
- Dynamic Metamorphism. ...
- Type # 1. Contact Metamorphism:
- Type # 2. Regional Metamorphism:
- Type # 3. Hydro-Metamorphism:
- Type # 4. Hydro-Thermo-Metamorphism:
What is the highest metamorphic grade?
What is a high grade metamorphic rock? Gneiss, the highest grade metamorphic rock, contains bands of easily visible quartz, feldspar, and/or mica. From left to right: slate, phyllite, schist, gneiss. What are the two main categories of metamorphic texture? TEXTURES Textures of metamorphic rocks fall into two broad groups, FOLIATED and NON-FOLIATED.
What are the 4 main types of landforms?
- Aeolian Landforms: produced by wind activity.
- Cryogenic Landforms: produced by repeated freezing and thawing, especially water.
- Fluvial Landforms: produced by the erosional activity of water from rivers.
- Impact Landforms: produced by collisions between astronomical objects and the Earth’s surface (such as when a meteor creates a crater in the ground).
What is the grade of metamorphism?
What are the grades of metamorphism? Metamorphic grade refers to the range of metamorphic change a rock undergoes, progressing from low (little metamorphic change) grade to high (significant metamorphic change) grade. Low-grade metamorphism begins at temperatures and pressures just above sedimentary rock conditions.
What are the grades of metamorphic rock?
Metamorphic Grade Metamorphic grade is the intensity of metamorphism to which the rock was subjected. In other words, it is a description of how much heat and pressure a rock has experienced in order to be changed to its current metamorphic state. Metamorphic grade is described as being low grade, medium grade, or high grade.
What are the 5 types of metamorphism?
Observe on the phase diagram above the five kinds of metamorphism: Hydrothermal, Contact, Barrovian (sometimes called " regional" ), Blueschist, and Eclogite. Each is introduced below.
What are the four types of metamorphism quizlet?
Terms in this set (4)contact metamorphism. formation of a metamorphic rock caused by magma coming into contact with existing rock.regional metamorphism. metamorphism associated with large-scale mountain-building processes.burial metamorphism. ... hydrothermal metamorphism.
What are the four causes of metamorphism?
Types of Metamorphism Metamorphism can take place in several different environments where special conditions exist in terms of pressure, temperature, stress, conditions, or chemical environments.
What are the 6 types of metamorphism?
Top 6 Types of Metamorphism | GeologyType # 1. Contact or Thermal Metamorphism:Type # 2. Hydrothermal Metamorphism:Type # 3. Regional Metamorphism:Type # 4. Burial Metamorphism:Type # 5. Plutonic Metamorphism:Type # 6. Impact Metamorphism:
What are the types of metamorphism quizlet?
Terms in this set (6)fault zone metamorphism. TWO ZONES: ... contact metamorphism. rock near or touching magma. ... hydrothermal metamorphism. iron-rich fluids circulate through fissures in rock which create chemical alteration. ... regional metamorphism. ... burial metamorphism. ... subduction zone metamorphism.
What are the two types of metamorphism?
There are two major kinds of metamorphism: regional and contact. Regional metamorphism. Most metamorphic rocks are the result of regional metamorphism (also called dynamothermal metamorphism). These rocks were typically exposed to tectonic forces and associated high pressures and temperatures.
What are the main types of metamorphic rocks?
Common metamorphic rocks include phyllite, schist, gneiss, quartzite and marble. Foliated Metamorphic Rocks: Some kinds of metamorphic rocks -- granite gneiss and biotite schist are two examples -- are strongly banded or foliated.
What is metamorphism in rocks?
Metamorphism is a process that changes preexisting rocks into new forms because of increases in temperature, pressure, and chemically active fluids. Metamorphism may affect igneous, sedimentary, or other metamorphic rocks.
What are the four agents that drive metamorphism?
8.2 List four agents that drive metamorphism. Heat, pressure, directional stress, and fluids which are chemically active.
What are the 7 types of regional metamorphism?
Contact Metamorphism.Regional Metamorphism.Shock Metamorphism.High Strain Metamorphism.Generation Types Metamorphism.Exercises Metamorphism.
What are the three agents of metamorphism?
The most important agents of metamorphism include temperature, pressure, and fluids.
What is metamorphism quizlet?
Metamorphism. Metamorphism is the transformation. of preexisting rock into texturally or. mineralogically distinct new rock as a result of high temperature, high pressure, or both..but without the rock melting in the process.
What is contact metamorphism quizlet?
Contact metamorphism occurs when the country rock is affected by heat from an intrusion. Igneous bodies are intrude at relatively shallow depth so contact metamorphism is described as high temperature, low pressure metamorphism. High temperatures lead to recrystallised, unfoliated rocks in an aureole.
What is regional metamorphism quizlet?
Regional Metamorphism Definition. A change in a large area of rock due to heat and pressure ( movements in the earths crust)
Why is dynamic metamorphism different from the other types of metamorphism quizlet?
Dynamic metamorphism occurs due to brittle or ductile deformation of rocks that have experienced significant strain. Thermal metamorphism occurs due to changes in temperature in the absence of deviatoric stress usually due to the proximity of country rocks to a body of magma.
What are the two types of metamorphism?
There are two major kinds of metamorphism: regional and contact. Regional metamorphism. Most metamorphic rocks are the result of regional metamorphism (also called dynamothermal metamorphism). These rocks were typically exposed to tectonic forces and associated high pressures and temperatures.
What is the zone of metamorphism that surrounds the intrusion called?
The zone of metamorphism that surrounds the intrusion is called the halo (or aureole) and rarely extends more than 100 meters into the country rock. Geostatic pressure is usually a minor factor, since contact metamorphism generally takes place less than 10 kilometers from the surface. Previous Factors Controlling Metamorphism.
What is regional metamorphism?
Regional metamorphism refers to large-scale metamorphism, such as what happens to continental crust along convergent tectonic margins (where plates collide). The collisions result in the formation of long mountain ranges, like those along the western coast of North America.
What are the factors that determine the outcome of metamorphism?
The outcome of metamorphism depends on pressure, temperature, and the abundance of fluid involved , and there are many settings with unique combinations of these factors. Some types of metamorphism are characteristic of specific plate tectonic settings, but others are not.
How does burial metamorphism occur?
Burial metamorphism occurs when sediments are buried deeply enough that the heat and pressure cause minerals to begin to recrystallize and new minerals to grow, but does not leave the rock with a foliated appearance. As metamorphic processes go, burial metamorphism takes place at relatively low temperatures (up to ~300 °C) and pressures (100s of m depth). To the unaided eye, metamorphic changes may not be apparent at all. Contrast the rock known commercially as Black Marinace Gold Granite (Figure 10.24)—but which is in fact a metaconglomerate—with the metaconglomerate in Figure 10.10. The metaconglomerate formed through burial metamorphism does not display any of the foliation that has developed in the metaconglomerate in Figure 10.10.
How cold does contact metamorphism occur?
Contact metamorphism can take place over a wide range of temperatures—from around 300 °C to over 800 °C.
What type of rock is formed by contact metamorphism?
Heat is important in contact metamorphism, but pressure is not a key factor, so contact metamorphism produces non-foliated metamorphic rocks such as hornfels, marble, and quartzite.
What type of rock is greenstone?
The low-grade metamorphism occurring at these relatively low pressures and temperatures can turn mafic igneous rocks in ocean crust into greenstone (Figure 10.27), a non-foliated metamorphic rock.
What is the result of dynamic metamorphism?
At lower pressures and temperatures, dynamic metamorphism will have the effect of breaking and grinding rock, creating cataclastic rocks such as fault breccia (Figure 10.33). At higher pressures and temperatures, grains and crystals in the rock may deform without breaking into pieces (Figure 10.34, left). The outcome of prolonged dynamic metamorphism under these conditions is a rock called mylonite, in which crystals have been stretched into thin ribbons (Figure 10.34, right).
Burial Metamorphism
Regional Metamorphism
- Regional metamorphism refers to large-scale metamorphism, such as what happens to continental crust along convergent tectonic margins (where plates collide). The collisions result in the formation of long mountain ranges, like those along the western coast of North America. The force of the collision causes rocks to be folded, broken, and stacked o...
Seafloor (Hydrothermal) Metamorphism
- At an oceanic spreading ridge, recently formed oceanic crust of gabbro and basalt is slowly moving away from the plate boundary (Figure 6.26). Water within the crust is forced to rise in the area close to the source of volcanic heat, drawing in more water from further away. This eventually creates a convective system where cold seawater is drawn into the crust, heated to 2…
Subduction Zone Metamorphism
- At subduction zones, where ocean lithosphere is forced down into the hot mantle, there is a unique combination of relatively low temperatures and very high pressures. The high pressures are to be expected, given the force of collision between tectonic plates, and the increasing lithostatic pressure as the subducting slab is forced deeper and deeper into the mantle. The low…
Contact Metamorphism
- Contact metamorphism happens when a body of magma intrudes into the upper part of the crust. Heat is important in contact metamorphism, but pressure is not a key factor, so contact metamorphism produces non-foliated metamorphic rocks such as hornfels, marble, and quartzite. Any type of magma body can lead to contact metamorphism, from a thin dyke to a large stock. T…
Shock Metamorphism
- When extraterrestrial objects hit Earth, the result is a shock wave. Where the object hits, pressures and temperatures become very high in a fraction of a second. A “gentle” impact can hit with 40 GPa and raise temperatures up to 500 °C. Pressures in the lower mantle start at 24 GPa (GigaPascals), and climb to 136 GPa at the core-mantle boundary, so the impact is like plungin…
Dynamic Metamorphism
- Dynamic metamorphismis the result of very high shear stress, such as occurs along fault zones. Dynamic metamorphism occurs at relatively low temperatures compared to other types of metamorphism, and consists predominantly of the physical changes that happen to a rock experiencing shear stress. It affects a narrow region near the fault, and rocks nearby may appea…
Burial Metamorphism
Regional Metamorphism
- Regional metamorphism refers to large-scale metamorphism, such as what happens to continental crust along convergent tectonic margins (where plates collide). The collisions result in the formation of long mountain ranges, like those along the western coast of North America. The force of the collision causes rocks to be folded, broken, and stacked o...
Seafloor (Hydrothermal) Metamorphism
- At an oceanic spreading ridge, recently formed oceanic crust of gabbro and basalt is slowly moving away from the plate boundary (Figure 10.26). Water within the crust is forced to rise in the area close to the source of volcanic heat, drawing in more water from further away. This eventually creates a convective system where cold seawater is drawn into the crust, heated to 2…
Subduction Zone Metamorphism
- At subduction zones, where ocean lithosphere is forced down into the hot mantle, there is a unique combination of relatively low temperatures and very high pressures. The high pressures are to be expected, given the force of collision between tectonic plates, and the increasing lithostatic pressure as the subducting slab is forced deeper and deeper into the mantle. The low…
Contact Metamorphism
- Contact metamorphism happens when a body of magma intrudes into the upper part of the crust. Heat is important in contact metamorphism, but pressure is not a key factor, so contact metamorphism produces non-foliated metamorphic rocks such as hornfels, marble, and quartzite. Any type of magma body can lead to contact metamorphism, from a thin dyke to a large stock. T…
Shock Metamorphism
- When extraterrestrial objects hit Earth, the result is a shock wave. Where the object hits, pressures and temperatures become very high in a fraction of a second. A “gentle” impact can hit with 40 GPa and raise temperatures up to 500 °C. Pressures in the lower mantle start at 24 GPa (GigaPascals), and climb to 136 GPa at the core-mantle boundary, so the impact is like plungin…
Dynamic Metamorphism
- Dynamic metamorphismis the result of very high shear stress, such as occurs along fault zones. Dynamic metamorphism occurs at relatively low temperatures compared to other types of metamorphism, and consists predominantly of the physical changes that happen to a rock experiencing shear stress. It affects a narrow region near the fault, and rocks nearby may appea…