Laboratory techniques are the set of procedures used on natural sciences such as chemistry, biology, physics to conduct an experiment, all of them follow the scientific method; while some of them involve the use of complex laboratory equipment from laboratory glassware to electrical devices, and others require more
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What are basic lab techniques?
Top 10 Lab Techniques Every Researcher Must Know
- Blotting Techniques. Blotting is the most common lab technique widely used in the field of cell & molecular biology. ...
- Techniques For Extraction & Storage of Biomolecules. The most common biomolecules used in laboratory experiments include DNA, RNA, and Protein. ...
- Gel Electrophoresis. ...
- Microscopic techniques. ...
- Polymerase Chain Reaction. ...
- Cell Culture Techniques. ...
What does laboratory techniques and procedures mean?
Methods, procedures, and tests performed in the laboratory with an intended application to the diagnosis of disease or understanding of physiological functioning. The techniques include examination of microbiological, cytological, chemical, and biochemical specimens, normal and pathological. How to pronounce laboratory techniques and procedures?
What are the common laboratory techniques?
What lab techniques do you learn in general chemistry?
- Acid-Base Extraction. An acid-base extraction is a type of liquid-liquid extraction.
- Calibration of a Buret.
- Condensing Volatile Gases.
- Cooling baths.
- Distillation.
- Distillation II.
- Drying Solvents.
- Fractional crystallization.
What are laboratory technical skills?
What are Laboratory Technician Resume Skills?
- Lab Equipment. Assisted and advised other lab workers, performed maintenance/repair of lab equipment and ordered laboratory supplies as required.
- Customer Service. Customer service is the process of offering assistance to all the current and potential customers -- answering questions, fixing problems, and providing excellent service.
- Test Results. ...
- Osha. ...
What are lab techniques?
Laboratory techniques are the set of procedures used on natural sciences such as chemistry, biology, physics to conduct an experiment, all of them follow the scientific method; while some of them involve the use of complex laboratory equipment from laboratory glassware to electrical devices, and others require more ...
What is the best laboratory techniques?
Blotting Techniques. Blotting is the most common lab technique widely used in the field of cell & molecular biology. ... Techniques For Extraction & Storage of Biomolecules. ... Gel Electrophoresis. ... Microscopic techniques. ... Polymerase Chain Reaction. ... Cell Culture Techniques. ... Spectroscopic Techniques. ... Chromatography Technique.More items...•
What are the three basic laboratory techniques and methods?
COMMON LABORATORY TECHNIQUESCRYSTALLIZATION.DECOLORIZATION.FILTERING.SOLVENTS.HEATING.MELTING POINT.Extraction.Drying Agents.More items...•
What are the importance of laboratory techniques?
The laboratory techniques are very important in a researcher's life. These skills play a significant role in order to perform various experiments and to run various tests. Without proper knowledge, one can not apply these techniques in projects and researches. These techniques are vital for most of the experiments.
What are techniques in chemistry?
A technique is any chemical or physical principle that we can use to study an analyte.
What is general lab technology?
General laboratory safety procedures and rules Laboratory techniques refers to the sum of procedures used on natural sciences such as chemistry, biology, and physics in order to conduct an experiment.
What are wet lab techniques?
A 'wet-lab' is a traditional experimental laboratory in which scientific research is carried out using chemicals and biological samples (including patient material). These substances or materials require special handling by trained professionals, using sensitive equipment.
What are common laboratory operations?
Common laboratory operations include volume measurement, weighing, heating, evaporation, precipitation, decantation, filtration and centrifugation. Volume is the amount of space taken by an object, while capacity is the measure of an object's ability to hold a substance.
How can I improve my lab techniques?
How to be More Productive in the LabPlan your day.Track time spent on tasks.Put spare time to good use.Know when you are at your best.Maintain a Clutter-Free Environment.Keep an accounting system for all supplies and materials.Keep your data organized.Divide and Conquer.More items...
What are the four types of laboratory?
Diagnostic laboratories. Diagnostic laboratories primarily run tests on clinical specimens such as urine, blood, triglycerides, or cholesterols. ... Hospital laboratories. ... National laboratories. ... Clinical laboratories. ... Research and university laboratories.
How many types of laboratory are there?
Company laboratories fall into three clear categories: research laboratories, development laboratories, and test laboratories. Research laboratories carry out both basic and applied research work.
How can I improve my lab techniques?
How to be More Productive in the LabPlan your day.Track time spent on tasks.Put spare time to good use.Know when you are at your best.Maintain a Clutter-Free Environment.Keep an accounting system for all supplies and materials.Keep your data organized.Divide and Conquer.More items...
What are common laboratory operations?
Common laboratory operations include volume measurement, weighing, heating, evaporation, precipitation, decantation, filtration and centrifugation. Volume is the amount of space taken by an object, while capacity is the measure of an object's ability to hold a substance.
What is the most common laboratory technique?
A popular laboratory technique is the invasion, which produces tension-reducing responses such as gaze aversion and withdrawal. In the stop distance paradigm, a researcher (called confederate) approaches the participant, who tells the researcher to stop when he or she comes uncomfortably close. In the approach distance paradigm, the participant is asked to move toward the confederate and to stop at a comfortable interaction distance. These paradigms have been used in both real-world and virtual environment laboratory settings. Projective tests often use paper-and-pencil and figure placement tasks: the participant places (or marks the location of) manikins, dolls, or other human surrogates in various social arrangements at various favorite distances. Other measurement techniques include questionnaires, neuroimaging and physiological recording.
What are the methods of measuring personal space?
Methods for measuring personal space in human interactions include field, projective and laboratory studies ( Figs. 1 and 2 ).
What is electrophoresis used for?
Electrophoresis is a standard laboratory technique that is performed using high-voltage power supplies that have the potential to cause life-threatening injuries. Always use extreme caution when working with such equipment, and seek the assistance of someone who is familiar with safe operating procedures. Electrophoresis is a chromatography technique by which a mixture of charged molecules is separated according to size when placed in an electric field. RNA samples may be purified by any of a variety of RNA extraction procedures described in Chapters 2–5Chapter 2Chapter 3Chapter 4Chapter 5, or elsewhere. Electrophoresis is extremely versatile and is used in conjunction with a number of different assays, including Northern analysis, nuclease protection, and all forms of end-point PCR 1 For example, in the Northern analysis, colloquially known as Northern blotting, electrophoretically resolved samples of total cellular, total cytoplasmic, poly (A) +, and/or poly (A) − RNA are transferred to (blotted), and immobilized on, the surface of a suitable membrane ( Alwine et al., 1977; 1979 ), usually nylon. The blot is then subjected to hybridization conditions in an attempt to base-pair specific RNA molecules on the filter to a complementary probe provided by the investigator. This is a variation on the theme of Southern analysis ( Southern, 1975 ), also known as Southern blotting, in which electrophoretically separated DNA fragments are blotted onto a membrane for nucleic acid hybridization analysis.
Why should PCR reagents be aliquotted?
PCR reagents should be aliquotted to minimize the possibility of contamination. All reagents should be prepared, aliquotted, and stored in an area free of PCR products. Similarly, primers should be synthesized and purified in an environment free of PCR products.
How to diagnose HIV?
The earliest time at which antigen may be detected is dependent on a number of variables, e.g. the mode of infection, viral load and immune status of the patient. In most individuals, using the fourth-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assays, diagnosis may be made within 2 –3 weeks of infection. These fourth-generation assays detect both antibody and antigen. In areas of low prevalence for HIV, laboratory-based testing usually makes use of at least two different ELISA assays to confirm a positive test. Immunoblot testing may be used to differentiate HIV-1 from HIV-2 infection. This technique detects antibodies against specific HIV-1 or HIV-2 proteins on a nitrocellulose strip. Rapid tests using immunochromatography are used extensively in resource-poor settings and are increasingly used in the developed world to test hard-to-reach populations, e.g. drug users.
Why is contamination avoidable in genetic testing?
For genetic disorder detection, contamination is avoidable if the laboratory maintains a high standard, but is more problematic with infectious disease or forensic DNA testing because of the smaller numbers of targets used for amplification ( Chapters 6, 9Chapter 6Chapter 9 ).
What is lab technique?
Lab Techniques. When you first set foot inside a chemistry lab, it can be a little overwhelming. There are chemicals in bottles, flame sources, and all kinds of fragile glassware. Learning the proper techniques, and how to use all the equipment can take time, but we all have to start with the basics. Lab techniques are the processes and practices ...
How to pour a solution in a lab?
When it comes to pouring substances in a laboratory, the technique has to be much more precise. So, what's the solution? The basic technique to pour liquid in a lab is to use a stirring rod, or another similar instrument. You use the stirring rod to connect the pouring spout from the source container to where you want the liquid to go. Because liquids, especially water, are cohesive and tend to attach themselves to solid materials, using a stirring rod allows the liquid to flow smoothly down the rod without spilling. When pouring a liquid without a stirring rod, it is recommended to hold the two containers at arms length with your elbows slightly bent.
Why is it so hard to work in a lab?
Your first experience inside a laboratory can be challenging because of the large variety of equipment, and the specific techniques you need to know to use the equipment. It's important to learn proper lab techniques, or the processes and practices that are recommended for using the various equipment in the laboratory, for pouring, measuring, filtering, using gas burners and glassware.
How to measure volume of liquid?
To measure the volume of a liquid using a graduated cylinder, or other calibrated and marked container, place your eye along the level of the liquid. You will see something that resembles a bubble shape along the top of the liquid with a top and bottom line. This is called the meniscus.
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What is Field's staining method?
Field’s staining method for thick blood films: The method is based in the use of two main components. Field’s A is a buffered solution of azure dye and Field’s B is a buffered solution of eosin. Both Field’s A and B are supplied ready for use by the manufacturers.
What is the CDC publication number for laboratory procedures for the diagnosis of intestinal parasites?
Laboratory Procedures for the Diagnosis of Intestinal Parasites . 3rd ed. US Department of Health and Human Services publication no. (CDC) 82-8282. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 1982.
How to diagnose malaria?
In thick blood, the red blood cells (RBCs) are lysed; consequently, diagnosis is based on the appearance of the parasite. In thick films, organisms tend to be more compact and denser than in thin films. The use of thin films is always required because RBCs are fixed so the morphology of the parasitized cells can be seen, allowing the identification of species and stages. However, malaria parasites may be missed on a thin blood film when there is a low parasitemia. With a thick blood film, the red cells are approximately 6 to 20 layers thick, which results in a larger volume of blood to be observed. Although some technicians stain thick and thin films on separate slides, it is recommended to use both stains in only one slide.
Why are red cells fixed in thin film?
The red cells are fixed in the thin film so the morphology of the parasitized cells and the parasites can be seen.
What is laboratory method?
Laboratory methods are based on established scientific principles involving biology, chemistry, and physics, and encompass all aspects of the clinical laboratory from testing the amount of cholesterol in your blood to analyzing your DNA to growing microscopic organisms that may be causing an infection. Such methods are much like the recipes in a cookbook, defining the procedures or processes that are used to test biological samples for particular analytes or substances. The laboratory scientist follows step-by-step procedures until the end product, a test result, is achieved.
What is the purpose of the descriptions of the methods listed below?
The descriptions of the methods listed below attempt to give some insight into the scientific principles used and the steps that are required to produce a result. Explanations of the methods – and their differences – are provided to give you a better understanding of some of the tests that you may undergo. These items are not intended to be a comprehensive list of available methodologies, but do represent some of those that are mentioned on this web site.
What is the test used to detect antibodies?
When immunoassays are used to test for the presence of an antibody in a blood or fluid sample, the test contains the specific antigen as part of the detection system. If the antibody being tested for is present in the sample, it will react with or bind to the antigen in the test system and will be detected as positive. If there is no significant reaction, the sample tests negative. Examples of immunoassay tests for antibodies include rheumatoid factor (which tests for the presence of autoimmune antibodies seen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis ), West Nile virus (which tests for antibodies that a person made in response to an infection with that virus) or antibodies made in response to a vaccination (such as tests for antibodies to hepatitis B to assure that the vaccination was successful).
How to detect antibodies in blood?
To detect or measure an antibody in a person’s blood, a known antigen is attached to a solid surface. A solution containing the patient sample is added. If the patient’s sample contains antibody, it will bind to the antigen. A second antibody (against human antibodies) that is labeled with an enzyme is then added. If the enzyme-linked antibody binds to human antibodies, the enzyme will create a detectable change that indicates the presence and amount of the antibody in the patient sample.
How to perform a western blot?
To perform a western blot test, a sample containing the protein is applied to a spot along one end of a layer of gel. Multiple samples and a control may be placed side by side along one end of the gel in separate “lanes.” An electric al current causes the proteins in the sample (s) to move across the gel, separating the proteins by size and shape and forming bands that resemble the steps of a ladder. These sample and control ladders are then “blotted” (transferred) onto a thin membrane that is put in contact with the gel. Labelled or tagged antibodies are then used in a one or two step process to detect the proteins bound to the membrane. For example, to confirm HIV or Lyme antibody tests, the proteins separated are those of the causative organism. A patient’s sample is then added to the blot and any antibodies to the organism are bound and later detected by labeled antibodies to human immunoglobulins. The presence of the certain proteins is interpreted by comparison with known negative or positive control samples in the other lanes.
How long does it take for DNA to be produced?
This process has been automated so that a billion copies of the original DNA can be produced within a few hours.
What is flow cytometry used for?
Flow cytometry is a laboratory method used to detect, identify, and count specific cells from blood, bone marrow, body fluids such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), or tumors. One of the most common applications is in the diagnosis of leukemia and lymphoma. Read more about flow cytometry.
How do bacteria survive in the lab?
We take advantage of many characteristics of bacteria for use in the lab. One of the most important is bacterial transformation. In natural bacterial transformation, a bacterium quite literally absorbs genetic information from its environment and incorporates that genetic information into its own genome. This process usually occurs when a bacterium undergoes stress, and the genetic information usually comes from other dead bacteria that have lysed (or ruptured). The new genetic information may code for genes that allow the bacteria to survive more easily.
How to make copies of DNA?
Let’s start with polymerase chain reaction and then work backwards. If you have a double-stranded piece of DNA, you can produce many copies of this DNA using PCR. The PCR reaction requires very similar ingredients to those used in Sanger sequencing, except you don’t need the ddNTPs. You’ll add primers, DNA polymerase, dNTPs, and double-stranded DNA. For PCR, you need a primer, a short complementary piece of DNA, for both strands of DNA. You also need a heat-resistant DNA polymerase.
What is gel electrophoresis?
Gel electrophoresis is an experiment used to separate different components of a mixture based on their size and charge. Normally, these components are strands of DNA, RNA, or different proteins. Let’s say you have a test tube containing 5 different proteins, but you only want one of them.
How do bacteria transform?
This is achieved by adding a plasmid, or a small, circular piece of DNA containing the gene of choice, to the bacterial environment. The bacteria can then express (transcribe and translate) the gene that the plasmid encodes. For example, let’s say we want certain bacteria to be resistant to an antibody. We take a plasmid containing a gene that confers this antibody resistance and add it to our bacterial colony. The bacteria that undergo transformation of this plasmid will be resistant to this antibody.
Which form of ion exchange chromatography attracts negatively charged molecules?
Anion-exchange chromatography: a form of ion-exchange chromatography that attracts negatively charged molecules
Is separating proteins more complex than separating DNA?
Since the charge density throughout a protein can vary, separating proteins is a little more complex than separating DNA or RNA. While smaller DNA and RNA strands will almost always travel faster than larger strands, proteins may break this general rule of thumb if they have different charge densities.
What is laboratory technique?
Laboratory techniques are the sum of procedures used on pure and applied sciences in order to conduct an experiment, all of them follow scientific method; while some of them involves the use of complex laboratory equipment from laboratory glassware to electrical devices others require such specific or expensive supplies. 1
What is laboratory equipment?
Laboratory equipment refers to the various tools and equipment used by scientists working in a laboratory. Laboratory equipment is generally used to either perform an experiment or
What is scientific equipment?
to take measurements and gather data. Larger or more sophisticated equipment is generally called a scientific instrument. Both laboratory equipment and scientific instruments are increasingly being designed and shared using open hardware principles.The classical equipment includes tools such as Bunsen burners and microscopes as well as specialty equipment such as operant conditioning chambers, spectrophotometers and calorimeters.
What is a laboratory tool?
Laboratory tool is any physical item that can be used to achieve a goal, especially if the item is not consumed in the process. Tools that are used in particular fields or activities may have different designations such as "instrument", "utensil", "implement", "machine", "device," or "apparatus". The set of tools needed to achieve a goal is "equipment". The knowledge of constructing, obtaining and using tools is technology.
What is a laboratory apparatus?
Laboratory apparatusis a set of equipment or tools or a machine that is used for a particular purpose. Laboratory apparatus is the individual instruments or pieces of equipment, or the entire set of equipment to conduct projects and experiments. The most common utensils and appliances that you need while performing hands on activities in a laboratory. The laboratory apparatus depends upon the type of laboratory you are in and the experiment you are going to perform.
How does a centrifuge work?
Like all other centrifuges, laboratory centrifuges work by the sedimentation principle, where the centripetal acceleration is used to separate substances of greater and lesser density. A centrifuge is a device for separating two or more substances from each other by using centrifugal force. Centrifugal force is the tendency of an object traveling around a central point to continue in a linear motion and fly away from that central point.
What is laboratory instrumentation?
v CHAPTER ONE BASIC CONCEPTS Laboratory instrumentation is the use or application of instruments for observation, measurement, or control. It involves the use of or operation with instruments; especially: the use of one or more instruments in carrying out laboratory tests. Instrumentation is the development or use of measuring instruments for observation, monitoring or control. The use of UV spectrophotometry (to measure light intensity) and gas chromatography. Laboratory instrumentation is a collection of laboratory test equipment. Such a collection of equipment might be used to automate testing procedure. It could also include: "The design, construction, and provision of instruments for measurement, control, etc; the state of being equipped with or controlled by such instruments collectively."
