Components of Blood
- Plasma. Plasma is the liquid component of blood, in which the red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are suspended.
- Red Blood Cells. Red blood cells (also called erythrocytes) make up about 40% of the blood's volume. ...
- White Blood Cells. ...
- Platelets. ...
What are the main three components of blood?
These include red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
What are the 2 major components of blood?
Structure. The main components of blood are: plasma. red blood cells.
What are the 7 blood components?
Components of BloodPlasma.Red Blood Cells.White Blood Cells.Platelets.
What are the components of blood and their major functions?
Blood is a fluid connective tissue that consists of plasma, blood cells and platelets. It circulates throughout our body delivering oxygen and nutrients to various cells and tissues. It makes up 8% of our body weight.
What are the 4 main blood groups?
There are 4 main blood groups (types of blood) – A, B, AB and O. Your blood group is determined by the genes you inherit from your parents. Each group can be either RhD positive or RhD negative, which means in total there are 8 blood groups.
What are the 4 main functions of blood?
Transportation of digested food from the small intestine to the tissues and cells around the body. Carries cells and antibodies that fight infection. Supplying the waste products to the kidneys and liver, which filter and clean the blood. Its flow can regulate body temperature.
What are the 8 functions of blood?
Below are 8 important facts about blood.Blood Is Fluid Connective Tissue. ... Blood Provides the Body's Cells with Oxygen and Removes Carbon Dioxide. ... Blood Transports Nutrients and Hormones. ... Blood Regulates Body Temperature. ... Platelets Clot Blood at Sites of Injury. ... Blood Brings Waste Products to the Kidneys and Liver.More items...
What are the 5 components of blood?
Whole Blood. Whole blood contains red cells, white cells, and platelets (~45% of volume) suspended in blood plasma (~55% of volume). ... Red Cells. Red blood cells (RBCs), or erythrocytes, give blood its distinctive color. ... Platelets. ... Plasma. ... Cryo. ... White Cells & Granulocytes.
Which is the largest component of blood?
Blood contains:Plasma. Plasma constitutes 55% of total blood volume. ... White Blood Cells. There are between 6,000 and 8,000 white cells per cubic millimetre of blood. ... Platelets. Platelets, or thrombocytes, are smaller than the red and white blood cells. ... Red Blood Cells.
What are blood components PDF?
The whole blood which is a mixture of cells, colloids and crystalloids can be separated into different blood components namely packed red blood cell (PRBC) concentrate, platelet concentrate, fresh frozen plasma and cryoprecipitate.
What are the different components of blood Class 10?
It has four components-plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.
What are the 3 types of blood cells?
There are three main types of cells in your blood – red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.
Which is the largest component of blood?
Blood contains:Plasma. Plasma constitutes 55% of total blood volume. ... White Blood Cells. There are between 6,000 and 8,000 white cells per cubic millimetre of blood. ... Platelets. Platelets, or thrombocytes, are smaller than the red and white blood cells. ... Red Blood Cells.
What are the 4 components of blood and their percentages?
Red blood cells make up about 45% of the blood volume. White blood cells make up about one percent and platelets less than one percent. Plasma makes up the rest of the blood. Mature red blood cells do not have nuclei or other organelles.
Which are the basic components of red blood cells?
Red blood cells contain hemoglobin and are covered with a membrane composed of proteins and lipids. Hemoglobin—an iron-rich protein that gives blood its red color—enables red blood cells to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. Red blood cells do not have nuclei, allowing for more room for hemoglobin.
What is the blood plasma?
Plasma is the liquid portion of blood. About 55% of our blood is plasma, and the remaining 45% are red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets that are suspended in the plasma. Plasma is about 92% water.
What Is The Function of Blood?
Blood carries the following to the body tissues: 1. Nourishment 2. Electrolytes 3. Hormones 4. Vitamins 5. Antibodies 6. Heat 7. Oxygen 8. Immune c...
What Are The Components of Blood?
The components of human blood are: 1. Plasma. The liquid component of the blood in which the following blood cells are suspended: 1. Red blood cell...
Where Are Blood Cells Made?
Blood cells are made in the bone marrow. The bone marrow is the spongy material in the center of the bones that makes all types of blood cells. The...
What Are The Functions of Blood cells?
The primary function of red blood cells, or erythrocytes, is to carry oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues and carbon dioxide as a waste produ...
What Is A Complete Blood Cell Count (CBC)?
A CBC count is a measurement of size, number, and maturity of the different blood cells in a specific volume of blood. A CBC can be used to determi...
What type of cells are used to detect cancer?
Lymphocytes consist of three main types: T cells (T lymphocytes) and natural killer cells , which both help protect against viral infections and can detect and destroy some cancer cells, and B cells (B lymphocytes), which develop into cells that produce antibodies.
What are the different types of blood cells?
Types of Blood Cells. Platelets (also called thrombocytes) are cell-like particles that are smaller than red or white blood cells. Platelets are fewer in number than red blood cells, with a ratio of about 1 platelet to every 20 red blood cells.
What is plasma made of?
It constitutes more than half of the blood's volume and consists mostly of water that contains dissolved salts (electrolytes) and proteins. The major protein in plasma is albumin. Albumin helps keep fluid from leaking out of blood vessels and into tissues, and albumin binds to and carries substances such as hormones and certain drugs. Other proteins in plasma include antibodies (immunoglobulins), which actively defend the body against viruses, bacteria, fungi, and cancer cells, and clotting factors, which control bleeding.
Why is my blood thick?
When the number of red blood cells is too high (erythrocytosis, as in polycythemia vera ), blood can become too thick, which may cause the blood to clot more easily and increase the risk of heart attacks and strokes .
Why is oxygen used in the body?
Oxygen is used by cells to produce energy that the body needs, leaving carbon dioxide as a waste product. Red blood cells carry carbon dioxide away from the tissues and back to the lungs. When the number of red blood cells is too low ( anemia ), blood carries less oxygen, and fatigue and weakness develop.
What are the components of blood?
Components of Blood. Formation of Blood Cells. Test your knowledge. Vitamin Deficiency Anemia. Deficiencies of vitamin B12 and folate (folic acid) cause a condition called megaloblastic anemia. In patients with megaloblastic anemia the bone marrow produces red blood cells that are large and abnormal (megaloblasts).
How do white blood cells fight off invaders?
White blood cells accomplish this by engulfing and digesting organisms and by producing antibodies that attach to organisms so that they can be more easily destroyed.
What is blood?
Blood is the life-maintaining fluid that circulates through the entire body.
Where are blood cells made?
Blood cells are made in the bone marrow. The bone marrow is the spongy material in the center of the bones that makes all types of blood cells.
What is a complete blood cell count (CBC)?
A CBC count is a measurement of size, number, and maturity of the different blood cells in the blood sample . A CBC can be used to find problems with either the production or destruction of blood cells. Variations from the normal number, size, or maturity of the blood cells can be used to mean there is an infection or disease process. Often with an infection, the number of white blood cells will be elevated. Many forms of cancer can affect the production of blood cells. For instance, an increase in the immature white blood cells in a CBC can be associated with leukemia. Blood diseases, such as anemia and sickle cell disease, will cause an abnormally low hemoglobin.
What are the cells that make up the bone marrow?
Blood cells formed in the bone marrow start out as stem cells. A stem cell (or hematopoietic stem cell) is the first phase of all blood cells. As the stem cell matures, several distinct cells evolve. These include red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Immature blood cells are also called blasts.
What is the function of erythrocytes?
The main job of red blood cells, or erythrocytes, is to carry oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues and carbon dioxide as a waste product, away from the tissues and back to the lungs. Hemoglobin (Hgb) is an important protein in the red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to all parts of our body.
How do white blood cells help heal wounds?
White blood cells: Help heal wounds not only by fighting infection but also by ingesting matter, such as dead cells, tissue debris, and old red blood cells. Protect you from foreign bodies that enter the blood stream, such as allergens. Are involved in the protection against mutated cells, such as cancer.
What is the role of platelets in cancer?
Are involved in the protection against mutated cells, such as cancer. The main job of platelets, or thrombocytes, is blood clotting. Platelets are much smaller in size than the other blood cells. They group together to form clumps, or a plug, in the hole of a vessel to stop bleeding.
Why do red blood cells have dips on both sides?
They have dips on both sides to maximise their surface area to absorb oxygen as quickly as possible. This shape is called biconcave.
What is the function of the plasma?
It carries all the platelets and red and white blood cells around the human body. It also carries , dissolved glucose for respiration, dissolved salts and around the body. Waste products like carbon dioxide are also transported in the plasma.
What are the two types of white blood cells?
The two types of white blood cell. Phagocyte (left) and lymphocyte
What is blood plasma given to?
Blood plasma is given to patients who are dehydrated.
What are the parts of the blood?
There are four components - or parts - of the blood: red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma and platelets.
How many white blood cells are in one drop of blood?
White blood cells form part of the immune system to keep us safe from infection and disease. There are 10,000-20,000 white blood cells in one drop of blood, and even more when a person is ill. They are made in bone marrow.
Which cells produce antibodies that stick pathogens together?
Lymphocytes which produce antibodies that stick pathogens together. This makes it easier for phagocytes to destroy the pathogens.
What is the function of blood in the body?
It supplies essential substances, such as sugars, oxygen, and hormones, to cells and organs, and removes waste from cells. Hematologists work to identify and prevent blood and bone marrow diseases.
How many red blood cells are in a microliter of blood?
The expected number of red blood cells in a single drop (microliter) of blood is 4.5–6.2 million in males and 4.0–5.2 million in females.
Why is it important to know your blood type?
Knowing a person’s blood type is essential if they are receiving an organ donation or blood transfusion. Antibodies will attack new blood cells if the blood is the wrong type, leading to life threatening complications. For example, anti-A antibodies will attack cells that have A antigens.
What percentage of blood is white blood cells?
White blood cells, or leukocytes. White blood cells make up less than 1% of blood content, forming vital defenses against disease and infection. The number of white blood cells in a microliter of blood usually ranges from 3,700–10,500. Higher or lower levels of white blood cells can indicate disease.
What is the blood that is absorbed by the intestines?
Bone marrow produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, and from there they enter the bloodstream. Plasma is mostly water that is absorbed from ingested food and fluid by the intestines. The heart pumps them around the body as blood by way of the blood vessels.
What percentage of blood is plasma?
Plasma accounts for around 55% of blood fluid in humans. Plasma is 92% water, and the contents of the remaining 8% include: The remaining 45% of blood mainly consists of red and white blood cells and platelets. Each of these has a vital role to play in keeping the blood functioning effectively.
What is the role of white blood cells in the body?
removing waste materials, such as carbon dioxide, urea, and lactic acid. protecting the body from diseases, infections, and foreign bodies through the action of white blood cells.
What are platelets made of?
Figure 3. (a) Platelets are formed from large cells called megakaryocytes. The megakaryocyte breaks up into thousands of fragments that become platelets. (b) Platelets are required for clotting of the blood. The platelets collect at a wound site in conjunction with other clotting factors, such as fibrinogen, to form a fibrin clot that prevents blood loss and allows the wound to heal.
How do platelets help with wound healing?
Blood must clot to heal wounds and prevent excess blood loss. Small cell fragments called platelets (thrombocytes) are attracted to the wound site where they adhere by extending many projections and releasing their contents. These contents activate other platelets and also interact with other coagulation factors, which convert fibrinogen, a water-soluble protein present in blood serum into fibrin (a non-water soluble protein), causing the blood to clot. Many of the clotting factors require vitamin K to work, and vitamin K deficiency can lead to problems with blood clotting. Many platelets converge and stick together at the wound site forming a platelet plug (also called a fibrin clot), as illustrated in Figure 3b. The plug or clot lasts for a number of days and stops the loss of blood. Platelets are formed from the disintegration of larger cells called megakaryocytes, like that shown in Figure 3a. For each megakaryocyte, 2000–3000 platelets are formed with 150,000 to 400,000 platelets present in each cubic millimeter of blood. Each platelet is disc shaped and 2–4 μm in diameter. They contain many small vesicles but do not contain a nucleus.
What are the antigens in blood?
Red blood cells are coated in antigens made of glycolipids and glycoproteins. The composition of these molecules is determined by genetics, which have evolved over time. In humans, the different surface antigens are grouped into 24 different blood groups with more than 100 different antigens on each red blood cell. The two most well known blood groups are the ABO, shown in Figure 4, and Rh systems. The surface antigens in the ABO blood group are glycolipids, called antigen A and antigen B. People with blood type A have antigen A, those with blood type B have antigen B, those with blood type AB have both antigens, and people with blood type O have neither antigen. Antibodies called agglutinogens are found in the blood plasma and react with the A or B antigens, if the two are mixed. When type A and type B blood are combined, agglutination (clumping) of the blood occurs because of antibodies in the plasma that bind with the opposing antigen; this causes clots that coagulate in the kidney causing kidney failure. Type O blood has neither A or B antigens, and therefore, type O blood can be given to all blood types. Type O negative blood is the universal donor. Type AB positive blood is the universal acceptor because it has both A and B antigen. The ABO blood groups were discovered in 1900 and 1901 by Karl Landsteiner at the University of Vienna.
Why are granulocytes called agranulocytes?
Granulocytes contain granules in their cytoplasm; the agranulocytes are so named because of the lack of granules in their cytoplasm. While they are named based on their appearances, each type of white blood cell also has unique functions. We will discuss the different types of leukocytes and their functions in a later section of this book.
What is the role of blood in the body?
What exactly is blood, and what does it do? Blood, like the human blood illustrated in Figure 1 is important for regulation of the body’s systems and homeostasis. Blood helps maintain the body’s systems in working order by stabilizing pH, temperature, proper amounts of water, salts and nutrients, and by eliminating excess heat. Blood supports growth by distributing nutrients and hormones, and by removing waste. Blood plays a protective role by transporting clotting factors and platelets to prevent blood loss and transporting disease-fighting agents to sites of infection.
What is the liquid component of blood?
The blood cells and platelets are separated by centrifugal forces to the bottom of a specimen tube. The upper liquid layer, the plasma, consists of 90 percent water along with dissolved substances, including the coagulation factors mentioned above.
What is the red color of blood?
The red coloring of blood comes from the iron-containing protein hemoglobin. The principal job of this protein is to carry oxygen, but it also transports carbon dioxide as well. Hemoglobin is packed into red blood cells at a rate of about 250 million molecules of hemoglobin per cell. Each hemoglobin molecule binds four oxygen molecules so that each red blood cell carries one billion molecules of oxygen. There are approximately 25 trillion red blood cells in the five liters of blood in the human body, which could carry up to 25 sextillion (25 × 1021) molecules of oxygen in the body at any time. In mammals, the lack of organelles in erythrocytes leaves more room for the hemoglobin molecules, and the lack of mitochondria also prevents use of the oxygen for metabolic respiration. Variants of hemoglobin help humans adapt to different environments. For example, Hgb-S causes sickle-cell anemia; although this variant of hemoglobin is not as efficient at transporting O2, it does provide some protection against malaria, thus providing an advantage to heterozygous individuals. Another variant is Hgb-F or fetal hemoglobin, which transports O2 efficiently in the low oxygen conditions found in the developing fetus. Red blood cells develop and mature in the bone marrow.
What are the components of blood?
Components of Blood and their Functions 1 Plasma makes up more than half of blood and contains mostly water, proteins, salts, proteins and lipids. 2 There are three important cellular components to blood: erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets. 3 Erythrocytes allow for gas transport; leukocytes provide immunity; and platelets prevent blood loss. 4 Blood also aids the body in homeostatic processes like temperature regulation, osmotic balance, and balancing pH.
What are the advantages of nucleated red blood cells?
The advantage of nucleated red blood cells is that these cells can undergo mitosis. Anucleated red blood cells metabolize anaerobically (without oxygen), making use of a primitive metabolic pathway to produce ATP and increase the efficiency of oxygen transport.
Why do mammals have no mitochondria?
The absence of a mitochondria ensures the cell won’t use of the oxygen for metabolic respiration. Interestingly. only mammals have anucleated red blood cell, and some mammals (camels, for instance) even have nucleated red blood cells. The advantage of nucleated red blood cells is that these cells can undergo mitosis.
How many molecules of oxygen does hemoglobin carry?
Each hemoglobin molecule binds four oxygen molecules so that each red blood cell carries one billion molecules of oxygen.
What is the function of blood in the body?
Blood also aids the body in homeostatic processes like temperature regulation, osmotic balance, and balancing pH.
Why do blood clots?
Blood must clot to heal wounds and prevent excess blood loss. Small cell fragments called platelets (thrombocytes) are attracted to the wound sites. Here, they adhere by extending many projections and releasing their contents. These contents activate other platelets and also interact with coagulation factors.
How many red blood cells are there in the human body?
There are approximately 25 trillion red blood cells in the five liters of blood in the human body, which could carry up to 25 sextillion (25 × 10 21) molecules of oxygen in the body at any time. In mammals, erythrocytes lack of organelles to leave more room for hemoglobin molecules.
