Outputs in the drainage basin:
- Interception
- Infiltration
- Throughflow
- Surface runoff
- Percolation
- Groundwater flow
What are the inputs and outputs of a drainage system?
Inputs include precipitation (including rain and snow) and solar energy for evaporation. Outputs move moisture out of the drainage basin and include evaporation and transpiration from vegetation (together known as evapotranspiration), run-off into the sea and percolation of water to underlying rock strata into underground stores.
What is the drainage basin of a river?
The drainage basin of a river is the area surrounding a river where precipitation flows into the river. It is sometimes called the catchment area because it is where the river “catches” its water.
What are the outputs of a basin?
Basins also have outputs that are, again, pretty obvious. Evaporation is a big one, where water turns into a gas and become part of the atmosphere. Transpiration is similar to evaporation but is the loss of water as a vapour from plant and tree leaves.
How is water introduced into the drainage basin system?
When a droplet of water falls onto the land (as precipitation), gravity will make sure that the water is ‘pulled’ downhill to return to the sea. A major component of the water cycle is the drainage basin system. Inputs: How water is introduced into the drainage basin system. This is known as precipitation.
What are the inputs in a drainage basin?
A drainage basin is an open system meaning it has inputs and outputs. The most obvious input (at least here in Britain) is rain but snow, hail & dew all act as inputs too. These inputs (including rain) are grouped under the term precipitation, water that falls or condenses on the ground.
What happens in a drainage basin?
Drainage basins refer to the area of land drained by a major river and its tributaries. All rivers flow from the source (often in the mountains) to the mouth (the sea). The drainage basin is regarded as a closed system because water never leaves. Instead, it is recycled from one state to another.
What are the outputs of a river?
The final release of the water in a drainage basin is known as its output. Typically, rivers flowing into the sea will be the main output of a drainage basin. Some water will also be lost via evapotranspiration.
What affects drainage basin inputs?
The amount of rainfall which reaches the drainage basin is also influenced by vegetation cover. A drainage basin covered in dense vegetation will experience high rates of interception, root uptake and evapotranspiration - this will reduce the amount of discharge within the basin.
What is the three features of the drainage basin?
Drainage basin - the area of land drained by a river. Catchment area - the area within the drainage basin. Watershed - the edge of highland surrounding a drainage basin which marks the boundary between two drainage basins.
What best describes a drainage basin?
drainage basin, also called catchment area, or (in North America) watershed, area from which all precipitation flows to a single stream or set of streams.
What are the 4 stages of a river?
Gorge - a deep valley caused by the wearing back of a waterfall. Waterfall - often occur where the river crosses a band of harder rock. V-shaped valley - produced in the upper course because the river cuts down faster than the surrounding slopes are eroded. Meander - the river starts to erode from side to side.
What are the 3 stages of a river?
These categories are: Youthful, Mature and Old Age. A Rejuvenated River, one with a gradient that is raised by the earth's movement, can be an old age river that returns to a Youthful State, and which repeats the cycle of stages once again.
What is the bottom of a river called?
A stream bed or streambed is the channel bottom of a stream or river, the physical confine of the normal water flow.
What are some inputs and outputs of water cycle?
Inputs - precipitation including rain and snow, and solar energy for evaporation. Outputs - evaporation and transpiration from plants (evapotranspiration), runoff into the sea, percolation of water into underlying rock strata.
Is river discharge an output?
Outputs: How the water is released either back to the sea or back into the atmosphere - river discharge, evapotranspiration.
How is a drainage basin formed?
The drainage basin starts with an input from the water cycle – precipitation, after the processes of condensation and cloud formation. This precipitation can be stored on the surface as snow or ice (surface storage), or can be intercepted by trees and vegetation.
What is a drainage basin GCSE geography?
A drainage basin is the area of land around the river that is drained by the river and its tributaries . Watershed - the area of high land forming the edge of a river basin. Source - where a river begins. Mouth - where a river meets the sea.
What is the role of a drainage basin quizlet?
What is the role of a drainage basin? Drain water from rivers or streams. Collect rain and other precipitation to drain into rivers or streams.
What is drainage basin in geography?
A river drainage basin is an area drained by a river and all of its tributaries. A river basin is made up of many different watersheds. A watershed is a small version of a river basin. Every stream and tributary has its own watershed, which drains to a larger stream or wetland.
What is a drainage basin quizlet?
Drainage basin. the area from which a single stream or river and its tributaries drains all of the water. Channel. a narrow, deep waterway connecting two bodies of water; the deepest part of a river or waterway.
What is the area of land that it drained by a river and its tributaries?
The drainage basin. A drainage basin is the area of land that it drained by a river and its tributaries. When a droplet of water falls onto the land (as precipitation), gravity will make sure that the water is ‘pulled’ downhill to return to the sea. Part of.
What are the components of the water cycle?
A major component of the water cycle is the drainage basin system. There are many inter-relationships within this system: Inputs: How water is introduced into the drainage basin system. This is known as precipitation. Stores: How water is stored or held for a period of time within the drainage basin system - interception (by vegetation), ...
How does a drainage basin work?from en.wikipedia.org
The drainage basin acts as a funnel by collecting all the water within the area covered by the basin and channelling it to a single point. Each drainage basin is separated topographically from adjacent basins by a perimeter, the drainage divide, making up a succession of higher geographical features (such as a ridge, hill or mountains) forming a barrier.
What is the term for a drainage basin?from en.wikipedia.org
Other terms for drainage basin are catchment area, catchment basin, drainage area, river basin, water basin, and impluvium. In North America, the term watershed is commonly used to mean a drainage basin, though in other English-speaking countries, it is used only in its original sense, that of a drainage divide .
What is an endorheic basin?from en.wikipedia.org
Endorheic drainage basins are inland basins that do not drain to an ocean. Around 18% of all land drains to endorheic lakes or seas or sinks. The largest of these consists of much of the interior of Asia, which drains into the Caspian Sea, the Aral Sea, and numerous smaller lakes.
What is the boundary between a drainage basin and a stream?from britannica.com
Drainage basin, are from which all precipitation flows to a single stream or set of streams. The boundary between drainage basins is a drainage divide: all the precipitation on opposite sides of a drainage divide will flow into different drainage basins.
Why are drainage basins important?from en.wikipedia.org
Drainage basins are important in ecology. As water flows over the ground and along rivers it can pick up nutrients, sediment, and pollutants. With the water, they are transported towards the outlet of the basin, and can affect the ecological processes along the way as well as in the receiving water source.
How to use rain gauge data?from en.wikipedia.org
Rain gauge data is used to measure total precipitation over a drainage basin, and there are different ways to interpret that data. If the gauges are many and evenly distributed over an area of uniform precipitation, using the arithmetic mean method will give good results. In the Thiessen polygon method, the drainage basin is divided into polygons with the rain gauge in the middle of each polygon assumed to be representative for the rainfall on the area of land included in its polygon. These polygons are made by drawing lines between gauges, then making perpendicular bisectors of those lines form the polygons. The isohyetal method involves contours of equal precipitation are drawn over the gauges on a map. Calculating the area between these curves and adding up the volume of water is time-consuming.
How big is the Mississippi River watershed?from nationalgeographic.org
Some watersheds are enormous and usually encompass many smaller ones. The Mississippi River watershed is the biggest watershed in the United States, draining more than three million square kilometers (one million square miles) of land. The Mississippi River watershed stretches from the Appalachian Mountains in the east to the Rocky Mountains in the west. Thirty-one U.S. states and two Canadian provinces fall within the Mississippi River watershed.
What Is a Drainage Basin?from study.com
If you follow a small stream downhill, where do you think it will lead? In most cases, a small stream will lead to a bigger stream, which will then lead to a river, and finally an open body of water. All of these waterways are connected and rely on precipitation to flow properly. When it rains, water falls on all surfaces, not just in the waterways. But how does the water that falls on the ground get to the stream or river?
What is the area of land where all precipitation that falls will drain or flow downhill into a specific stream?from study.com
Each waterway has a drainage basin, or watershed , which is an area of land where all precipitation that falls will drain or flow downhill into a specific stream. Based on where rain falls, and in what drainage basin, determines what waterway it will end up traveling to. Drainage basins often have well-defined boundaries.
What is baseflow in water?from alevelgeography.com
Baseflow – water that reaches the channel largely through slow throughflow and from permeable rock below the water table.
Why are drainage basins important?from study.com
Either way, these systems are important because they demonstrate how our water flows, where it comes from and where it is going.
What is a large river system?from study.com
Large river systems are similar to the branching network of a tree with many small streams connecting and leading to a larger river. The drainage basin of a large river system is comprised of the drainage basins of all of the waterways within the system, including first-order streams, second-order streams, third-order streams and so on, until the final larger river that flows into an open body of water.
How many square acres are there in the Mississippi River drainage basin?from study.com
The Mississippi River drainage basin is an example of a very large and complex river system. The drainage basin for this system covers over 1.2 million square acres and parts of 31 U.S. states. The water that enters many streams and rivers and flows into the Mississippi eventually ends up draining into the Gulf of Mexico.
What is the hydrological cycle of the drainage basin?from alevelgeography.com
The Drainage Basin Hydrological Cycle. Water does not come into or leave planet earth. Water is continuously transferred between the atmosphere and the oceans. This is known as the global hydrological cycle. This system is a closed system. There are no inputs or outputs.
What are the inputs of the drainage basin?
The drainage basin hydrological system. Inputs include precipitation (including rain and snow) and solar energy for evaporation. Outputs move moisture out of the drainage basin and include evaporation and transpiration from vegetation (together known as evapotranspiration), run-off into the sea and percolation of water to underlying rock strata ...
What is the hydrological cycle of the drainage basin?
The Drainage Basin Hydrological Cycle. Water does not come into or leave planet earth. Water is continuously transferred between the atmosphere and the oceans. This is known as the global hydrological cycle. This system is a closed system. There are no inputs or outputs.
What is baseflow in water?
Baseflow – water that reaches the channel largely through slow throughflow and from permeable rock below the water table.
What are the outputs of water?
Outputs – water leaving the system . Evaporation – the transformation of water droplets into water vapour by heating. Evapotranspiration – the loss of water from a drainage basin into the atmosphere from the leaves of plants + loss from evaporation. Transpiration – evaporation from plant leaves.
What is the downward movement of water into the soil surface?
Infiltration – the downward movement of water into the soil surface. Interflow – water flowing downhill through permeable rock above the water table. Percolation – the gravity flow of water within the soil. Stemflow – water running down a plant stem or tree trunk.
What is the difference between groundwater flow and infiltration?
Groundwater flow – the deeper movement of water through underlying permeable rock strata below the water table. Limestone is highly permeable with lots of joints and can lead to faster groundwater flow. Infiltration – the downward movement of water into the soil surface.
What is groundwater storage?
Groundwater storage – the storage of water underground in permeable rock strata.
What is the input of a drainage basin?
A drainage basin. The main input to the system is precipitation. The type of precipitation, the intensity, the duration and frequency all have an effect on the amount of water in the system.
How does water flow through a basin?
Overland flow transfers water through the basin either as sheetwash, across the surface, or in tiny channels called rills. Beneath the surface, water is transferred via throughflow, which is the movement of water through the lower soil towards rivers, and groundwater flow. Groundwater flow is typically very slow.
What is the hydrological cycle of a drainage basin?
The hydrological cycle within a drainage basin is different to a global hydrological system in that it is an open system and input, water transfer, and storage will vary. Part of.
What is the final release of water in a drainage basin?
The final release of the water in a drainage basin is known as its output . Typically, rivers flowing into the sea will be the main output of a drainage basin. Some water will also be lost via evapotranspiration.
How does water get into the groundwater?
Water reaches the groundwater store via the processes of infiltration and percolation. During these processes, some water will be stored in the soil and rock. The amount of water stored will vary depending on the porosity of the soil and on the permeability of the rock.
