Light-dependent reactions
| Goal | Convert light energy into chemical energ ... |
| Location | Chloroplasts—thylakoids |
| Input | Sunlight, H 2 O, NADP +, ADP |
| Output | NADPH, ATP, O 2 |
What are the inputs and outputs of a light reaction?
Output: ATP, carbon dioxide, and water. Photosynthesis input: water, carbon dioxide, and photon energy. Output: Oxygen and glucose. What are the raw materials and products of light reactions? ADP, H2O and NADP are the raw materials used to produce ATP and NADPH. C) NADPH is a product of the light reaction.
What are the products of light reactions?
what does light reaction produce
- The Light Reactions of Photosynthesis
- Photosynthesis: Light Reaction, Calvin Cycle, and Electron Transport
- Conceptual overview of light dependent reactions
- Photosynthesis (Light Reactions)
What are the two major steps of light reaction?
step 1 as light energy is absorbed It excited the electrons in clorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and cartenoids electrons pass through the pigments by jumping along the photosystems in light reactions step 2 That high-energy e- finally reaches a molecule of chlorophyll a that will pass it along to the PEA molecules in the thylakoid membrane in light reactions
What is the primary function of light reactions?
what is the primary function of the light reactions of photosynthesis?
- The Light Reactions of Photosynthesis
- Photosynthesis: Light Reaction, Calvin Cycle, and Electron Transport
- Important Role of Photosynthesis for Human Life and Biosphere Part 1 – Light Reaction
- Photosynthesis – Light Dependent Reactions and the Calvin Cycle
What are the input and outputs of light reactions?
The goal of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis is to collect energy from the sun and break down water molecules to produce ATP and NADPH. These two energy-storing molecules are then used in the light-independent reactions....GoalConvert light energy into chemical energyOutputNADPH, ATP, O22 more rows
What is the net output of light reaction?
The light-dependent reactions convert light energy into chemical energy, producing ATP and NADPH. The light-dependent reactions can be summarized as follows: 12 H2O + 12 NADP+ + 18 ADP + 18 Pi + light and chlorophyll yields 6 O2 + 12 NADPH + 18 ATP.
What are the products or output of the light reactions in photosynthesis?
During photosynthesis, light energy converts carbon dioxide and water (the reactants) into glucose and oxygen (the products).
What are the inputs and outputs of the light reaction and the Calvin cycle?
The inputs are carbon dioxide from the air and the ATP and NADPH produced by the light reactions. The Calvin cycle uses carbon from the carbon dioxide, energy from the ATP, and high-energy electrons and hydrogen ions from the NADPH. The cycle's output is an energy-rich sugar molecule.
What are the end products of light reaction?
The end products of the light reaction are ATP and NADPH, also known as assimilatory powers.
What are the outputs of the light-independent reactions?
Light reactions harness energy from the sun to produce chemical bonds, ATP, and NADPH. These energy-carrying molecules are made in the stroma where carbon fixation takes place. The light-independent reactions of the Calvin cycle can be organized into three basic stages: fixation, reduction, and regeneration.
What are the 3 products of the light-dependent reactions?
The three products of light reaction of photosynthesis are ATP, NADPH and O2.
What are the 2 products that result from photosynthesis?
Let's look at the products of photosynthesis! During the process of photosynthesis plants break apart the reactants of carbon dioxide and water and recombine them to produce oxygen (O2) and a form of sugar called glucose (C6H12O6).
What is end product of photosynthesis?
Though the final product of photosynthesis is glucose, the glucose is conveniently stored as starch.
What are the outputs in Calvin cycle?
In the Calvin cycle, the energy outputs from the light reactions (ATP and NADPH) are used to power the conversion of CO2 into the sugar G3P. As ATP and NADPH are used, they produce ADP and NADP+, respectively, which are returned to the light reactions so that more ATP and NADPH can be formed.
What are the main inputs of the light reactions?
2. Inputs to the light reactions are water and the light energy. 3. The light reactions produce ATP, NADPH and Oxygen.
What is the output product of the Calvin cycle?
The reactions of the Calvin cycle add carbon (from carbon dioxide in the atmosphere) to a simple five-carbon molecule called RuBP. These reactions use chemical energy from NADPH and ATP that were produced in the light reactions. The final product of the Calvin cycle is glucose.
What are the end products of light reactions?
The end products of the light reaction are ATP and NADPH.
What is light dependent reaction?
Light dependent reactions utilise the energy from incident photons to undergo chemical/physical changes. In this sense, the photons can come from anything depending on the type of reaction you’re wanting to do. People tend to use Xe arc lamps for photosynthesis for example, as this roughly simulates solar irradiance. But if you want something more specific, say you’re aware of a certain excited state that might form some photoproducts, you might turn to a tuneable laser source.
What is the energy produced by light reactions in green plants?
In green plants the light reactions of photosynthesis convert water and certain wavelengths of light absorbed by chlorophyll into oxygen and chemical ‘energy’in the form of ATP and ‘reducing power’ in the form of NADPH. The dark reactions take the ATP and reducing power generated by the light reactions and use it to drive a cycle which results in the fixation of carbon dioxide into sugar.
What is the energy produced by photosynthesis?
In green plants the light reactions of photosynthesis convert water and certain wavelengths of light absorbed by chlorophyll into oxygen and chemical ‘energy’in the form of ATP and ‘reducing power’ in the form of NADPH.
What is the reducing agent used in photolysis?
However, these electrons (e-) liberated from water (H2O) in photolysis are ultimately incorporated into the reducing agent NADPH, used to reduce carbon in the Calvin cycle to form sugar for cellular energy and structure.
What are the input molecules in the Calvin cycle?
2). ... In the case of the Calvin Cycle, the input molecules are carbon dioxide, ATP, and NADPH. The outputmolecules are sugar, ADP, NADP+, and inorganic phosphate (Pi).
Which molecule carries electrons to biosynthesis reactions and returns as NADP+?
where NADPH carries energetic electrons to biosynthesis reactions and returns as NAD P+.
What are the reactants of photosynthesis?
In photosynthesis, chlorophyll, water, and carbon dioxide are reactants. GA3P and oxygen are products. In photosynthesis, water, carbon dioxide, ATP, and NADPH are reactants. RuBP and oxygen are products.
What are the outputs of the Calvin cycle?
These reactions use chemical energy from NADPH and ATP that were produced in the light reactions. The final product of the Calvin cycle is glucose.
What are the input molecules in the Calvin cycle?
2). In the case of the Calvin Cycle, the input molecules are carbon dioxide, ATP, and NADPH. The outputmolecules are sugar, ADP, NADP+, and inorganic phosphate (Pi).
What are the two photosytems involved in light dependent reactions?
The light-dependent reactions involve two photosytems (II and I) and an electron transport chain that are all embedded in the thylakoid membrane. Light that is harvested from PSII causes an excited electron of the chlorophyll
What is the net effect of the light-dependent reactions?
The net effect of these steps is to convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH. The ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions are used to make sugars in the next stage of photosynthesis, the Calvin cycle.
What happens when light energy is absorbed by pigments and passed inward to the reaction center?
When light energy is absorbed by pigments and passed inward to the reaction center, the electron in P700 is boosted to a very high energy level and transferred to an acceptor molecule . The special pair's missing electron is replaced by an electron from PSII (arriving via the electron transport chain).
How does the electron transport chain work?
The high-energy electron travels down an electron transport chain in , losing energy as it goes. Some of the released energy drives pumping of ions from the stroma into the thylakoid, adding to the proton gradient. As ions flow down their gradient and back into the stroma, they pass through ATP synthase, driving ATP production. ATP is produced on the stromal side of the thylakoid membrane, so it is released into the stroma.
What is the process of removing electrons from water?
In a process called non-cyclic photophosphorylation (the "standard" form of the light-dependent reactions), electrons are removed from water and passed through PSII and PSI before ending up in NADPH. This process requires light to be absorbed twice, once in each photosystem, and it makes ATP .
What happens when P680 is excited?
When the P680 special pair of photosystem II absorbs energy , it enters an excited (high-energy) state. Excited P680 is a good electron donor and can transfer its excited electron to the primary electron acceptor, pheophytin. The electron will be passed on through the first leg of the photosynthetic electron transport chain in a series of redox, or electron transfer, reactions.
What are the two types of photosystems?
There are two types of photosystems: photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII). Both photosystems contain many pigments that help collect light energy, as well as a special pair of chlorophyll molecules found at the core (reaction center) of the photosystem. The special pair of photosystem I is called P700, ...
What is the energy of sunlight used for in light reactions?
In the light reactions, the energy of sunlight is used to oxidize water (the electron donor) to O2 and pass these electrons to NADP+, producing NADPH. Some light energy is used to convert ADP to ATP.
Why does the rate of O2 production vary with the intensity of light?
The rate of O2 production by the light reactions varies with the intensity of light because light is required as the energy source for O2 formation. Thus, lower light levels generally mean a lower rate of O2 production.
What is not input or output?
Not input or output: light, glucose, O2
Where are the reactions of the Calvin cycle located?
Between the inner envelope membrane and the thylakoid membranes is the aqueous stroma, which is the location of the reactions of the Calvin cycle. Inside the thylakoid membranes is the thylakoid space, where protons accumulate during ATP synthesis in the light reactions.
Where does photosynthesis occur in eukaryotes?
In eukaryotes, all the reactions of photosynthesis occur in various membranes and compartments of the chloroplast.
Does the Calvin cycle depend on light reactions?
This is because the Calvin cycle needs the ATP and NADPH produced by the light reactions. In this way, the Calvin cycle depends on the light reactions.
Where do light-dependent reactions take place?
The reactions that make up the process of photosynthesis can be divided into light-dependent reactions, which take place in the thylakoids, and light-independent reactions (also known as dark reactions or the Calvin cycle), which take place in the stroma. 1. Chloroplasts have a complex internal structure, and different reactions take place in ...
What is the goal of the light independent reactions?
The ultimate goal of the light-independent reactions (or Calvin cycle) is to assemble a molecule of glucose. This is the part of photosynthesis that requires the CO 2 the plant gets from the air. Essentially, the plant needs the carbon from the CO 2 to create the building blocks for glucose.
What is the energy needed to make ATP?
The hydrogen ions build up in high concentration in the lumen of the thylakoid. They pass through an enzyme called ATP synthase, and their movement provides the energy needed to add a third phosphate to ADP (adenosine diphosphate) to form ATP (adenosine triphosphate). This energy-storing molecule powers many cellular processes. In fact, the glucose made during photosynthesis is broken down to produce more ATP later, during cellular respiration.
What is the goal of light-dependent photosynthesis?
The goal of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis is to collect energy from the sun and break down water molecules to produce ATP and NADPH. These two energy-storing molecules are then used in the light-independent reactions. Within chloroplasts, chlorophyll is the pigment that absorbs sunlight. It is stored in the thylakoid membranes in ...
What happens when photosystem 2 splits water?
This is a process humans haven’t been able to replicate exactly in a lab! Each water molecule breaks down into two hydrogen (H) atoms and one oxygen (O) atom.
What are the two main phases of photosynthesis?
Plant cell. Within the chloroplasts of a plant cell, photosynthesis occurs in two main phases: the light-dependent and light-independent reactions. Within plant cells, chloroplasts are specialized organelles that serve as the sites of photosynthesis. The reactions that make up the process of photosynthesis can be divided into light-dependent ...
Where does chlorophyll get its energy from?
These reactions occur when the pigment chlorophyll, located within the thylakoid membranes, captures energy from the sun (photons) to initiate the breakdown of water molecules. 2. The light-dependent reactions convert light energy into chemical energy. The goal of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis is to collect energy from ...