what are the risk factors for chronic diseases

Full Answer

What are 4 risk factors for chronic diseases?

Many chronic diseases are caused by a short list of risk behaviors:Tobacco use and exposure to secondhand smoke.Poor nutrition, including diets low in fruits and vegetables and high in sodium and saturated fats.Physical inactivity.Excessive alcohol use.

What are the three most important risk factors for chronic disease?

Risk factors of chronic diseases The most common chronic diseases share risk factors (5), which are often classified as behavioral or biological. The main modifiable behavioral risk factors are tobacco use, alcohol use, an unhealthful diet, and physical inactivity (9).

What are the 6 health risk factors?

3.2, health risk factors and their main parameters in built environments are further identified and classified into six groups: biological, chemical, physical, psychosocial, personal, and others.

What are the different types of risk factors?

Risk factors in health and diseaseBehavioural.Physiological.Demographic.Environmental.Genetic.

What are the main determinants of chronic diseases?

May 23, 2019 - Individuals' social determinants of health, including education level, income, diet, and exercise, were strongly associated with the development of a chronic disease, suggesting that providers should assess these factors to identify high-risk patients, according to a study published in JAMA Network Open.

What is chronic risk?

Chronic risk refers to the ongoing likelihood of a person making a future attempt and is based on historical information e.g. previous suicide attempts, history of depression, extent of background and current risk factors and presence of protective factors.

What are the most common chronic illnesses?

Common chronic illnessesheart disease.stroke.lung cancer.colorectal cancer.depression.type 2 diabetes.arthritis.osteoporosis.More items...

What are the top chronic diseases?

Chronic diseases - such as heart disease, cancer, diabetes, stroke, and arthritis - are the leading causes of disability and death in New York State and throughout the United States.

How many risk factors are there in the most common 10 combinations?

Six risk factors in the most common 10 combinations. Combinations by age group. Combinations by individual risk factors. Selected combinations by chronic diseases. The three focus risk factors.

What is the social gradient of risk factors?

Social gradient with risk factor behaviours: The analysis shows that people who live in areas of more socioeconomic disadvantage are more likely to take part in risky health behaviours, and this is also true for combinations of risk factor behaviours.

Is sedentary lifestyle bad for health?

A sedentary lifestyle is increasingly recognised as being detrimental to health, as it can contribute to many chronic diseases as well as an increased risk of mortality.

Is smoking a risk factor for obesity?

For people who are obese, high blood pressure is more common as a co-risk factor than for people who are not obese. Social gradient with risk factor behaviours: The analysis shows that people who live in areas of more socioeconomic disadvantage ...

Is high blood pressure a risk factor for smoking?

Daily smoking is also more commonly reported by those who have insufficient levels of physical activity. For people who are obese, high blood pressure is more common as a co-risk factor than for people who are not obese.

Smoking

The leading cause of preventable disease, disability, and death in the United States is tobacco use, with 34 million Americans smoking cigarettes. Moreover, 58 million nonsmokers are exposed to secondhand smoke. Each day, 200 Americans become daily cigarette smokers, and 1,600 youth puff their first cigarette.

Poor nutrition

Fewer than 10% of US teens and adults eat enough low-energy-dense foods like fruits and vegetables, with 6 of 10 teens drinking a sugar-sweetened beverage every day and 5 of 10 adults also ingesting an excess of sugary drinks. Overall, US diets are high in added sugars, sodium, and saturated fats.

Lack of physical activity

More than 31 million Americans aged 50 years or older are inactive, which means that they engage in no physical activity beyond activities of daily living. Furthermore, only one of four US adults attains the recommended physical activity levels .

Excessive alcohol intake

The excessive use of alcohol leads to 95,000 deaths in the United States each year, with 1 of 10 deaths in working adults due to alcohol misuse. Although binge drinking accounts for almost half the deaths due to excessive alcohol intake, 9 of 10 Americans who binge drink do not have a severe alcohol use disorder.

What is chronic disease?

Chronic diseases are defined broadly as conditions that last 1 year or more and require ongoing medical attention or limit activities of daily living or both. Chronic diseases such as heart disease, cancer, and diabetes are the leading causes of death and disability in the United States.

What are the leading causes of death and disability in the United States?

Chronic diseases such as heart disease, cancer, and diabetes are the leading causes of death and disability in the United States. They are also leading drivers of the nation’s $3.8 trillion in annual health care costs.

What is the current burden of chronic diseases?

The current burden of chronic diseases reflects the cumulative effects of unhealthy lifestyles and the resulting risk factors over the life span of people. Some of these influences are present from before a child is born.

What is a chronic disease?

Chronic diseases, often referred to as noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), usually emerge in middle age after long exposure to an unhealthy lifestyle involving tobacco use, a lack of regular physical activity, and consumption of diets rich in highly saturated fats, sugars, and salt, typified by "fast foods." This lifestyle results in higher levels of risk factors, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and obesity that act independently and synergistically. The risk factors are frequently undiagnosed or inadequately managed in health services designed to treat acute conditions.

Why are there so few studies on physical activity in Africa?

One of the reasons for the small number of published studies on physical activity in Sub-Saharan Africa is the difficulty of measuring it in large epidemiological studies. For such studies researchers have to rely on physical activity questionnaires that must be accurate, valid, and reproducible. Some efforts have been made to develop questionnaires that may be useful for Sub-Saharan Africa countries or that can be shown to be reliable in all regions of the world. Sobngwi and colleagues (2001)clearly showed how necessary this validation process is for the use of physical activity questionnaires with people in Sub-Saharan Africa, as study participants' self-ranking of their physical activity did not match the tested questionnaire's quartiles of physical activity (Heini et al. 1996; Sobngwi et al. 2001).

Does obesity increase risk of diabetes?

Obesity greatly increases the risk for conditions such as type 2 diabetes , hypertension, dyslipidemia, gall bladder disease, sleep apnea, osteoarthritis, and lower back pain. It has also been shown to be associated with coronary artery disease and some cancers, and to reduce life expectancy. Central obesity has been shown to be associated with metabolic syndrome. The key features of this condition are raised blood pressure, raised insulin and triglyceride levels, reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels, and insulin resistance. The condition is strongly atherogenic and predisposes to an elevated risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Fontaine et al. 2003; Peeters et al. 2003; Solomon and Manson 1997; WHO 2000).

Does tobacco control affect middle income countries?

As tobacco-control activities in the developed world have increased, the tobacco industry has shifted its marketing to middle- and low-income countries. Not only do these countries have fewer formal tobacco-control activities in place, but they also have a much larger population, which can provide future consumers of tobacco products. In Sub-Saharan Africa countries, most people are young and have relatively low levels of education. They rarely receive the necessary health education to allow them to critically evaluate the material provided by the tobacco industry promotions.

What is the most common lung disease?

Asthma is one of the most common types of chronic lung disease. When triggered, your lungs become swollen and narrow, making it harder to breathe. Symptoms include:

How does cystic fibrosis affect the body?

Doctors know that cystic fibrosis is caused by a gene mutation that normally regulates the level of salt in cells. The mutation causes this gene to malfunction, changing the makeup of mucus and increasing salt in sweat. There is no cure for the disease, but treatment eases symptoms and slows progression.

What is the name of the disease that affects newborns?

Cystic fibrosis is an inherited lung disease that affects newborn children. It changes the makeup of mucus in the body. Instead of being slippery and watery, mucus in a person with cystic fibrosis is thick, sticky, and excessive. This thick mucus can build up in your lungs and make it more difficult to breathe.

What is the name of the disease that causes the lungs to become inflamed?

Chronic pneumonia. Pneumonia is a lung infection caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Microorganisms grow and thrive in the lungs, creating difficult symptoms. The air sacs become inflamed and may fill up with fluid, which disrupts the flow of oxygen.

What causes pulmonary hypertension?

Gene mutations, drugs, and congenital heart diseases can all cause pulmonary hypertension. Other lung diseases like interstitial lung disease and COPD may also be to blame. If left untreated, the condition can lead to complications like blood clots, arrhythmia, and heart failure.

How many people died from lung cancer in 2010?

Altogether, lung diseases accounted for more than 1 million deaths in the U.S. in 2010, according to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)#N#Trusted Source#N#.

Is COPD a genetic disease?

COPD is an incurable, progressive disease most often caused by smoking, though it also has a powerful genetic component. Other risk factors include: