what are the routes of medication administration

Routes of Medication Administration

• Routes of Medication Administration. In general, two categories of medication administration exist: parenteral and nonparenteral. ...
• Parenteral. This administration route involves medication that is injected in the body anywhere other than the mouth or alimentary canal (the entire passage along which food passes through the body ...
• Nonparenteral. ...

Full Answer

What are the different routes of medication administration?

The different ways of administering medication

• Orally. The majority of medicines that are prescribed are administered orally. ...
• Inhalation. For people who have difficulty with respiratory issues they will often inhale medication. ...
• Instillation. ...
• Injection. ...
• Transdermal Administration. ...
• Rectal Administration. ...
• Vaginal Administration. ...
• Storing medication. ...
• Disposing of medication. ...
• Dignity and privacy. ...

What are the different routes in administrating medications?

To get a better understanding, here are the 6 most common routes:

• Oral – Swallowed through the patients mouth as either a tablet, liquid, capsule, lozenge or chewable tablet.
• Rectal – This may be the next option for those who can’t swallow the medication. ...
• Inhalation – Medication is inhaled through the patients airway in the form of a powder, aerosol spray or mist. ...

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What are the seven steps of medication administration?

What are the seven steps of medication administration?

• The right patient.
• The right medication (drug)
• The right dose.
• The right route.
• The right time.
• The right reason.
• The right documentation.

What is the fastest route of Drug Administration?

The route by which the medicines are directly introduced into the bloodstream through a vein is known as intravenous route of administration. The intravenous route is considered to be the fastest route of drug administration. The injections and the infusions are administered by this route have 100% bioavailability.

What are the 8 routes of drug administration?

Techniques involved in each route of medication administration are different, and some of the important points are summarized as follows:Intravenous Route. ... Intramuscular Route. ... Subcutaneous Route. ... Rectal Route. ... Vaginal Route. ... Inhaled Route.

What is the most common route of medication administration?

Many drugs can be administered orally as liquids, capsules, tablets, or chewable tablets. Because the oral route is the most convenient and usually the safest and least expensive, it is the one most often used.

How many routes are there for medication?

The 6 routes of medication administration To get a better understanding, here are the 6 most common routes: Oral – Swallowed through the patients mouth as either a tablet, liquid, capsule, lozenge or chewable tablet. Rectal – This may be the next option for those who can't swallow the medication.

What are the routes of drug administration explain?

The most commonly used parenteral routes of administration are subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, and intradermal injections. Advantages of Parenteral Route of Administration: Rapid absorption and faster onset of action of the drug. The medication bypasses the liver first pass effect.

What is the best route of drug administration and why?

The oral route of administration is the safest, most economical and the most convenient way of giving medicines. The dosage forms of the oral route include Tablets, Capsules, Powders, Mixtures, Emulsions and Gels. Most drugs are absorbed from small intestine but some are absorbed from stomach and colon.

What are the 6 routes of injection?

Jennifer LeOral route.Injection routes.Sublingual and buccal routes.Rectal route.Vaginal route.Ocular route.Otic route.Nasal route.More items...

What are the 7 steps of medication administration?

7 Rights Of Medication AdministrationMedication administration. ... Right Individual. ... Right Medication. ... Right Dose. ... Right Time. ... Right Route. ... Right Documentation. ... Right Response.

What route is eye drops?

Route of AdministrationNAMEDEFINITIONSHORT NAMEOPHTHALMICAdministration to the external eye.OPHTHALMORALAdministration to or by way of the mouth.ORALOROPHARYNGEALAdministration directly to the mouth and pharynx.OROOTHERAdministration is different from others on this list.OTHER83 more rows•Nov 14, 2017

How many types of drug administration are there?

Needle insertion angles for 4 types of parenteral administration of medication: intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous, and intradermal injection.

What is medication administration?

Medication administration: the direct application of a prescribed medication—whether by injection, inhalation, ingestion, or other means—to the body of the individual by an individual legally authorized to do so.

What is medication administration in nursing?

Administering and Documenting Medications Given by a Common Route. Documenting Medications Given Using All Routes. Participating in the Medication Reconciliation Process. Titrating the Dosage of a Medication Based on the Assessment and Ordered Parameters.

Which route of medication administration is the fastest?

Injection straight into the systemic circulation is the most common parenteral route. It is the fastest and most certain and controlled way. It bypasses absorption barriers and first-pass metabolism.

Which route of medication administration is easiest and most desirable?

Oral Routes of Medication AdministrationThe oral route of medication administration is simple, convenient and the most common route.This route is easy to administer.Also, most patients tend to prefer the oral route of administration.Oral medications usually have a slower onset than other routes of administration.More items...

Which route of drug administration is most likely to lead to the first-pass effect?

Orally administered drugs are absorbed in the intestine and enter portal circulation. This leads to first-pass effect in the liver.

Which route of drug administration is the fastest?

Injection straight into the systemic circulation is the most common parenteral route. It is the fastest and most certain and controlled way. It bypasses absorption barriers and first-pass metabolism.

Which route of administration is most likely to cause toxic effects?

Injection drug use appears to be the most harmful route of administration.

What is intraosseous route?

The intraosseous route involves the administration of medications directly into the bone marrow. This is usually used when there is poor or no access to an intravenous space. It is often done in emergency situations.

What is parenteral route?

The parenteral route of medication administration is considered to be any route other than the gastrointestinal tract. However, it is used to indicate medication given by injection into tissues of the body.

What is a nose drop?

Nose drops are used to apply medication to the mucus membrane of the nose.

What are the different routes of medication administration?

There are various routes of medication administration. The major routes of medication administration are oral, parenteral, and topical.

What is the peritoneal space used for mediation?

This route of mediation administration uses the peritoneal space of the abdominal cavity. This route allows medications to be absorbed into the circulation.

What is an atomizer used for?

Atomizers or nebulizers are used to administer inhalation medications.

How many drops of eardrops are in a plastic container?

Eardrops normally come in a plastic container that is made to administer one drop at a time.

What are the advantages of parenteral route?

Advantages of this parenteral route. It is suitable for emergency medical help. It helps to administer drugs even to patients in a coma. For quick action and achieving immediate response in the patient, the medicament is given directly into blood vessels.

What is parenteral route?

Parenteral route (other than intestine) As the name indicates, here, the drugs are given in routes other than the intestine. For this, the drug in the form of liquid is taken into a sterilized or disposable syringe.

Why is a small amount of drug needed compared to other routes?

Also, a small amount of drug is needed compared to other routes as there is no wastage of drugs by metabolism. Those drugs which are not absorbed by the stomach or which get digested by the gut are given by this route. Ex: Insulin in diabetic patients.

What is sublingual route?

Sub-lingual route. These routes are called as routes of medication administration. You might have mostly got tablets to consume, but at times, even syrups, ointments, and even injections are given. You can also readtypes of dosage forms for more. Some are taken by mouth (orally), some by skin application (ointment), ...

How are drugs given?

Here drugs are given by nose. The drugs are in gaseous form and allowed to be inhaled by the patient into the lungs. After reaching the lungs, the drugs reach the systemic circulation. Examples: Some volatile anesthetics used in surgery are given by the inhalation route.

What is oral route?

Oral route ( also called peroral) In this route, as the name indicates, the drug is taken by mouth. It is safer and also inexpensive. It is the most common route of taking drugs. Dosage forms like the tablets, capsules, syrups, suspensions, emulsion are taken by this route. Tablets and capsules.

What does ease of administration mean?

a. Ease of administration as even the patient can take medicine on his own without others’ help.

What is parenteral route?

Parenteral route, on the other hand, refers to any routes of administration that do not involve drug absorption via the gastrointestinal tract (par = around, enteral = gastrointestinal), including injection routes (e.g., intravenous route, intramuscular route, subcutaneous route etc.), inhalational and transdermal routes. 1.1 1.

Why is a transdermal patch called a patch?

The transdermal route is commonly referred to as “the patch” because the medication is contained in a patch that is absorbed through the skin. Drugs administered through this route must be highly lipophilic. Absorption via this route is slow but conducive to producing long-lasting effects. Special slow-release matrices in some transdermal patches can maintain steady drug concentrations that approach those of constant IV infusion. Transdermal patches also provide less absorption problems in the gastrointestinal tract that are commonly experienced by patients who take oral medications.

What is the most common form of oral medicine?

The most popular oral dosage forms are tablets, capsules, suspensions, solutions, and emulsions.

What is desired onset of action?

desired onset of action. patient’s co-operation. the nature of the drug as some drugs may be effective by one route only e.g., insulin. age of the patient. effect of gastric pH, digestive enzymes and first-pass metabolism. The various routes of administrations are classified into local route and systemic route.

What is the most commonly used route for drug administration?

1. Oral route . This is the most frequently used route for drug administration. When possible, it is the first choice for the administration of drugs, since it is both convenient and economical. Drugs administered orally are placed in the mouth and swallowed.

How do drugs enter the bloodstream?

Drugs may be inhaled as gases (e.g., nitrous oxide) and enter the bloodstream by diffusing across the alveolar membrane. This is the method of administration of volatile anesthetics such as ether, halothene, and methoxyflurane.

How does the route of administration affect the drug?

The route of administration of a medication directly affects the drug bioavailability, which determines both the onset and the duration of the pharmacological effect. The choice of route of administration may be influenced by many factors among which include:

What are the 10 routes of drug administration?

Oral administration. This is the most frequently used route of drug administration and is the most convenient and economic. …

What is difference between enteral and parenteral routes of administration?

What do Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Refer To? Enteral nutrition generally refers to any method of feeding that uses the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to deliver part or all of a person’s caloric requirements. … Parenteral nutrition refers to the delivery of calories and nutrients into a vein.

What is the slowest route of medication administration?

Swallowing a drug is a relatively slow method of taking a drug. After the drug is swallowed, it is dissolved in the stomach and then absorbed into the bloodstream from the linings of the stomach and later, the small intestine.

What are the common injectable routes of administration?

Administration by injection (parenteral administration) includes the following routes:

What are the 7 Medication rights?

To ensure safe medication preparation and administration, nurses are trained to practice the “7 rights” of medication administration: right patient, right drug, right dose, right time, right route, right reason and right documentation [12, 13].

What is the fastest route of absorption for a drug?

The fastest route of absorption is inhalation, and not as mistakenly considered the intravenous administration. Absorption is a primary focus in drug development and medicinal chemistry, since a drug must be absorbed before any medicinal effects can take place.

Can IV drugs be taken orally?

IV administration can also be a controlled way to give drugs over time. Certain drugs may be given by IV administration because if you took them orally (by mouth), enzymes in your stomach or liver would break them down.

How to take a drug correctly?

Talk with your doctor. Be sure to take your medications correctly to get the most out them and to reduce your risk of side effects and other problems. Anyone giving you the drug should follow your doctor’s instructions carefully. Make sure that you understand everything about taking your medication.

What is prescribing a drug?

prescribing a drug. entering the drug or dosage information into a computer system. a drug is being prepared or dispensed. a drug is taken by or given to someone. The “rights” are a starting point in helping to make sure that medications are given correctly and safely.

What are the 5 rights of a patient?

the right drug. the right time. the right dose. the right route. Medication errors happen all too often in the United States, even when drugs are given by professionals. The Food and Drug Administration receives more than 100,000 reports ...

How is a medication dosage determined?

For some medications, dosage must be determined by trial and error. In these cases, your healthcare provider would need to monitor you when you first start treatment.

How are drugs administered?

There are several different ways drugs can be administered. You’re probably familiar with injections and pills that you swallow, but medications can be given in many other ways as well.

Why do we take medications?

We take medications to diagnose, treat, or prevent illness. They come in lots of different forms and we take them in many different ways. You may take a drug yourself, or a healthcare provider may give it to you. Drugs can be dangerous, though, even when they’re meant to improve our health.

Why do you need to take a med every morning?

They need to be given at specific times, such as every morning, to keep that amount of drug in your system. Taking a dose too soon could lead to drug levels that are too high, and missing a dose or waiting too long between doses could lower the amount of drug in your body and keep it from working properly.

How many characters are in a CDER?

CDER Specifications. Route of Administration shall consist of an alphabetic term which has a maximum length shall be restricted to 60 characters, with the hyphen and virgule being only punctuation permissible. Codes representing these Routes of Administration shall consist of three digits. In addition, since the prefixes intra- and endo- both mean within, the NSC generally felt that most US clinicians prefer the intra- prefix rather than the endo- prefix for route terms, with some exceptions (e.g., endotracheal). Some general terms (e.g., parenteral) should be reserved for instances when a particular route of administration is unknown (e.g., MedWatch forms). When possible E2B terms should take precedence.

What is the intra- and endo- prefix?

In addition, since the prefixes intra- and endo- both mean within, the NSC generally felt that most US clinicians prefer the intra- prefix rather than the endo- prefix for route terms, with some exceptions (e.g., endotracheal). Some general terms (e.g., parenteral) should be reserved for instances when a particular route ...

Where is the administration of soluble salts?

Administration within the vitreous body of the eye. Administration by means of an electric current where ions of soluble salts migrate into the tissues of the body. Administration to bathe or flush open wounds or body cavities. Administration directly upon the larynx.

Where is the administration directed?

Administration directed toward the cheek, generally from within the mouth. Administration to the conjunctiva, the delicate membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the exposed surface of the eyeball. Administration to the skin. Administration to a tooth or teeth.

What are the advantages of intravenous route?

Advantages of the Intravenous Route. Immediate effect (suitable for emergencies) Can be given to unconscious patients. Avoids first-pass metabolism. Achieves predictable and precise control over drug plasma levels compared to other routes.

What is IV drug?

A drug administered by the intravenous (IV) route is given directly into a vein as direct injection or infusion.

Where is buccal route administered?

The buccal route is administered by placing the buccal dosage form between the gum and the inner cheek. The drug is rapidly absorbed from the buccal mucosa and enters the systemic circulation, thus avoiding first-pass metabolism. In addition, this route can also be used for a local effect (e.g. hydrocortisone muco-adhesive buccal tablet for the treatment of aphthous ulceration of the mouth).

What is the most commonly used route for drug administration?

Oral Route. The drug is administered to or by way of the mouth. 1 A drug given via this route is absorbed into the systemic circulation from the gastrointestinal tract. The oral route is the most frequently used route for drug administration.

How long do you have to stay on your side after instilling ear drops?

This route may be considered time-consuming by the patient as they need to remain on their side/tilt the ear for a few minutes after instillation of ear drops

What is variable drug absorption dependent upon?

Variable drug absorption dependent upon the muscle group used and the blood flow to the muscle

How is a drug destroyed?

The drug may be destroyed by digestive enzymes and/or stomach acid