what are the sources of phosphate

Which foods are high in phosphate?

• Plain low-fat yogurt: A 6-ounce serving contains 20% of the recommended daily value (DV).
• 2% milk: One cup contains 18% of adult DV.
• Salmon: A 3-ounce serving contains 17% of adult DV.
• Chicken: A 3-ounce serving contains 15% of adult DV.
• Potatoes: 1 medium russet potato has 10% of adult DV.

What foods have phosphates in them?

• Limiting vitamin D absorbability
• Stressing the kidneys
• Contributing to arteriosclerosis and renal diseases
• Interacting with alcohol, which can leach phosphorus from the bones and cause low levels in the body
• Interacting with antacids that contain aluminum, calcium or magnesium that can cause the gut to not properly absorb minerals

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What foods are low in phosphorus?

The New Low Phosphorus Diet

• Meat & Eggs in the Low Phosphorus Diet. Meat and other animal proteins like poultry, fish and seafood have significant amounts of phosphorus.
• Dairy in the Low Phosphorus Diet. Cow’s milk, and therefore all dairy, also has quite a bit of phosphorus in it. ...
• Healthy Drinks in the Low Phosphorus Diet. ...

What fruits are high in phosphorus?

Top Twenty List - Highest phosphorus Content per 100g

1. Raisins, golden seedless 115mg (12%RDA)
2. Tamarinds, raw 113mg (11%RDA)
3. Raisins, seedless 101mg (10%RDA)
4. Raisins, seeded 75mg (8%RDA)
5. Prune puree 72mg (7%RDA)
6. Passion-fruit, (granadilla), purple, raw 68mg (7%RDA)
7. Dates, deglet noor 62mg (6%RDA)
8. Dates, medjool 62mg (6%RDA)
9. Currants, european black, raw 59mg (6%RDA)
10. Avocados, raw, California 54mg (5%RDA)

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What is the best source for phosphate?

Top 12 Foods That Are High in PhosphorusChicken and Turkey. Share on Pinterest. ... Pork. A typical 3-ounce (85-gram) portion of cooked pork contains 25–32% of the RDI for phosphorus, depending on the cut. ... Organ Meats. ... Seafood. ... Dairy. ... Sunflower and Pumpkin Seeds. ... Nuts. ... Whole Grains.More items...•

What are five sources of phosphorus?

Sources of Phosphorus. Many different types of foods contain phosphorus, including dairy products, meats and poultry, fish, eggs, nuts, legumes, vegetables, and grains [13,14].

Which foods are high in phosphates?

High-phosphorus foods to avoid or limit:Dairy foods.Beans.Lentils.Nuts.Bran cereals.Oatmeal.Colas and other drinks with phosphate additives.Some bottled ice tea.

What are four natural sources of phosphorus?

Phosphorus is highest in these foods:Meats and other proteins: beef, chicken, fish, and organ meat like liver.Milk and dairy foods: eggs, cottage cheese, and ice cream.Beans: navy, kidney, soy, pinto, and garbanzo.Grains: bran and wheat germ.Nuts and seeds: almonds, cashews, peanut butter, and sunflower seeds.

What fruits and vegetables are high in phosphorus?

You can can freely eat lettuce and some other greens, carrots and cucumbers without monitoring your portions too closely. Slightly higher amounts of phosphorous, around 20 to 50 milligrams, are found in asparagus, beets, broccoli, celery, mushrooms, onions, peppers, radishes and tomatoes.

Is banana high in phosphorus?

The levels of phosphorus in banana fruits ranged from 31.62 to 42.45 mg 100 g−1, with differences between cultivars and fertilizer rates (Fig.

Are eggs high in phosphate?

Eggs are a great protein source but also contain 95 mg phosphorus in a large egg. Remove the yolk and phosphorus is only 5 mg for each egg white....More videos on YouTube.Dairy, Dairy Substitutes and Egg WhitesPhosphorus ContentUnenriched rice milk without calcium-phosphate29 mgEgg whites, pasteurized15 mg6 more rows

Why is phosphate bad for you?

High-normal levels of phosphate in the blood are linked to a higher risk of cardiovascular disease, calcium deposits and hardening of the arteries in the heart, even in healthy young men. In the Framingham Offspring Study, high-normal phosphate blood levels were found to be a predictor of heart attacks.

What fruit is good for kidneys?

Grapes, apples, and cranberries, as well as their respective juices, are all good substitutes for oranges and orange juice, as they have lower potassium contents. Oranges and orange juice are high in potassium and should be limited on a renal diet. Try grapes, apples, cranberries, or their juices instead.

Do banana peels have phosphorus?

Banana peels contain lots of nutrients, including potassium, phosphorus, magnesium and calcium—all of which are needed for good plant growth.

How can I raise my phosphate levels?

Consume Phosphate-Rich FoodsPlain low-fat yogurt: A 6-ounce serving contains 20% of the recommended daily value (DV).2% milk: One cup contains 18% of adult DV.Salmon: A 3-ounce serving contains 17% of adult DV.Chicken: A 3-ounce serving contains 15% of adult DV.Potatoes: 1 medium russet potato has 10% of adult DV.

What foods contain phosphates?

Processed foods and beverages that often contain added phosphates include: 1 Processed meats: Beef, lamb, pork and chicken products are often marinated or injected with phosphate additives to keep the meat tender and juicy ( 76, 77, 78 ). 2 Cola beverages: Cola drinks often contain phosphoric acid, a synthetic source of phosphorus ( 79 ). 3 Baked goods: Biscuits, pancake mixes, toaster pastries and other baked goods can contain phosphate additives as leavening agents ( 80, 81 ). 4 Fast food: According to one study of 15 major American fast food chains, over 80% of the menu items contained added phosphates ( 82 ). 5 Convenience food: Phosphates are often added to convenience foods like frozen chicken nuggets to help them cook faster and improve shelf life ( 80, 83 ).

Where does phosphorus come from?

It is estimated that 20–30% of phosphorus in the average American diet comes from dairy products like cheese, milk, cottage cheese and yogurt ( 26 ).

How much phosphorus is in sunflower seeds?

One ounce (28 grams) of roasted sunflower or pumpkin seeds contains roughly 45% of the RDI for phosphorus ( 32, 33 ). However, up to 80% of the phosphorus found in seeds is in a stored form called phytic acid, or phytate, which humans cannot digest ( 34 ).

Why are whole grains good sources of phosphorus?

These layers are removed when grains are refined, which is why whole grains are good sources of phosphorus and why refined grains are not ( 47, 48 ).

How much phosphorus is in pork?

A typical 3-ounce (85-gram) portion of cooked pork contains 25–32% of the RDI for phosphorus, depending on the cut.

What is the nutrient that is essential for bone health and many other bodily functions?

Phosphorus is an essential nutrient required for bone health and many other bodily functions.

How does cooking affect phosphorus?

Cooking methods can also affect phosphorus content of the meat. Roasting preserves the most phosphorus, while boiling reduces levels by about 25% ( 8 ).

What is the source of phosphorus?

Main phosphate sources are of plant, animal and inorganic origin , containing varying quantities of phosphorus in several different chemical forms.

Where are phosphates found?

Most inorganic phosphates used for this purpose are derived from natural rock phosphates, principally found in Africa, northern Europe, Asia, the Middle East and the USA. However, in their natural form these are unsuitable for direct use in animal feed because the phosphorus they contain cannot be metabolised by animals.

Why is rock phosphate treated?

Rock phosphates must therefore be chemically treated so that the phosphorus they contain is changed into the digestible orthophosphate form (PO4³-). During this process, close control of the production parameters is essential to avoid deterioration of the orthophosphate molecule into other unavailable forms of phosphorus, such as pyro- and meta-phosphate, and to ensure a suitable calcium to phosphorus ratio for animal nutrition.

How much fluorine is in rock phosphate?

Rock phosphates, however, can contain up to 40,000 ppm fluorine, therefore careful selection of products with a low fluorine content is essential in order that the amount of fluorine ultimately added to the feed is not higher than the legal limits.

How much phosphorus is in meat?

The amount of available phosphorus provided by animal sources - principally meat, fish and bone meals - varies from 59-74%, according to the material’s origin and production process.

What are the impurities in rock phosphates?

Furthermore, rock phosphates also contain impurities, such a fluorine, cadmium and arsenic which, if not removed in the production process, make them unsuitable for animal nutrition.

Do inorganic phosphates have a high phosphorus content?

Although it has been often assumed that most inorganic feed phosphates have a high phosphorus availability, research shows that there are significant differences in available phosphorus content between different types of phosphate, as well as between the same phosphates from different sources.

How are calcium and phosphorus related?

Phosphorus and calcium are interrelated because hormones, such as vitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH), regulate the metabolism of both minerals. In addition, phosphorus and calcium make up hydroxyapatite, the main structural component in bones and tooth enamel [ 3 ]. The combination of high phosphorus intakes with low calcium intakes increases serum PTH levels, but evidence is mixed on whether the increased hormone levels decrease bone mineral density [ 2, 4-6 ].

What is phosphorus in the body?

Phosphorus, an essential mineral, is naturally present in many foods and available as a dietary supplement. Phosphorus is a component of bones, teeth, DNA, and RNA [ 1 ]. In the form of phospholipids, phosphorus is also a component of cell membrane structure and of the body’s key energy source, ATP. Many proteins and sugars in the body are phosphorylated. In addition, phosphorus plays key roles in regulation of gene transcription, activation of enzymes, maintenance of normal pH in extracellular fluid, and intracellular energy storage. In humans, phosphorus makes up about 1 to 1.4% of fat-free mass. Of this amount, 85% is in bones and teeth, and the other 15% is distributed throughout the blood and soft tissues [ 1 ].

How much phosphorus is in the human body?

In humans, phosphorus makes up about 1 to 1.4% of fat-free mass. Of this amount, 85% is in bones and teeth, and the other 15% is distributed throughout the blood and soft tissues [ 1 ]. Many different types of foods contain phosphorus, mainly in the form of phosphates and phosphate esters [ 1 ].

What are phosphorus additives?

Phosphate additives (e.g., phosphoric acid, sodium phosphate, and sodium polyphosphate) are present in many foods, especially processed food products. These additives are used for such purposes as preserving moisture or color and enhancing and stabilizing frozen foods [ 18 ]. Foods containing these additives have an average of 67 mg more phosphorus per serving than similar foods not containing the additives, and these additives contribute to overall phosphorus intakes in the United States [ 18, 19 ].

How much phosphorus is bioavailable?

The bioavailability of phosphate salts is approximately 70% [ 15, 24 ]. The bioavailability of other forms of phosphorus in supplements has not been determined in humans.

What is the normal phosphate level in the blood?

In adults, normal phosphate concentration in serum or plasma is 2.5 to 4.5 mg/dL (0.81 to 1.45 mmol/L) [ 10 ].

Why are fortified foods important?

The federal government’s 2020–2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans notes that “Because foods provide an array of nutrients and other components that have benefits for health, nutritional needs should be met primarily through foods. … In some cases, fortified foods and dietary supplements are useful when it is not possible otherwise to meet needs for one or more nutrients (e.g., during specific life stages such as pregnancy).”

What is the phosphorus in food?

Foods With Phosphorus. Phosphorus is an essential mineral that your body needs for nearly all of its functions. This nutrient is found in many foods and is often bound to calcium, showing how these two minerals work in conjunction within the body.

What are the best foods to eat to get phosphorus?

Like lentils, peas are a good source of dietary phosphorus. This legume offers about 94 milligrams of phosphorus per serving, roughly 50% of which your body readily absorbs. Aside from this mineral, peas are rich in vitamin K, manganese, folate, fiber, vitamin C, and copper.

Why are plant based foods less bioavailable?

Plant-based foods have a lower bioavailability of 20% to 50%, because phosphorus in these foods is a component of phytates, which the body doesn’t absorb as easily. Continued.

How much phosphorus is in lentils?

They’re also rich in folate, fiber, magnesium, and copper. The average serving of lentils contains about 356 milligrams of phosphorus, which means you could absorb up to 50%, or about 180 milligrams per meal.

What is the role of phosphorus in the musculoskeletal system?

Phosphorus helps repair and strengthen bones and teeth, support muscle contraction, and maintain nerves and cells.

Why is phosphorus important for cell and tissue health?

Cell and Tissue Health. Along with helping your muscles and nerves stay healthy, phosphorus is important for your overall cell and tissue health as well. Phosphorus is a part of most cells, especially in nucleic acid and cell membranes, and it supports energy storage and the formation of DNA and RNA.

Why do we need phosphorus?

Why You Need Phosphorus. Phosphorus helps support your health in a variety of ways and is an important component for several body systems. The good news is that because phosphorus is found in many foods, it is often abundant enough to help you avoid phosphorus deficiencies. Nevertheless, its vital presence in body functions means ...

Where do phosphates come from?

Phosphate Sources Phosphates in water come from a range of sources. Runoff from fertilizer on lawns and gardens is one contributor, and others include human and pet sewage, chemical manufacturing, vegetable and fruit processing and the pulp and paper industry.

What are non point sources of phosphates?

The non-point sources of phosphates include: natural decomposition of rocks and minerals, stormwater runoff, agricultural runoff, erosion and sedimentation, atmospheric deposition, and direct input by animals/wildlife; whereas: point sources may include: wastewater treatment plants and permitted industrial discharges.

What is the natural level of phosphate?

The natural levels of phosphate usually range from 0.005 to 0.05 mg/L. Many bodies of freshwater are currently experiencing increases of phosphorus and nitrogen from outside sources.

How do phosphates enter waterways?

Phosphates enter waterways from human and animal waste, phosphorus rich bedrock, laundry, cleaning, industrial effluents, and fertilizer runoff. These phosphates become detrimental when they over fertilize aquatic plants and cause stepped up eutrophication.

What are natural sources of phosphate?

4. Natural sources are those sources of phosphate not directly resulting from human activities including farming. Rain can be a natural source of phosphates. Runoff from forested or open land contains phosphate both in the soluble form and as part of siit washed into streams.

What are the sources of phosphates in water?

SOURCES OF PHOSPHATE IN SURFACE WATERS The definitions of the four major sources of phosphates used in this study are as follows: 1. Municipal sewage includes sewage from residences and commercial establishments, whether they are connected to a collective (or community) sewer system or the sewage enters the water directly or indirectly by seepage or from ground water runoff. It does not include the industrial waste component in community sewage systems. 2. Industrial waste includes liquid or slurried wastes from aii industrial processing, whether discharged directly to surface waters through plant sewers, indirectly through community sewer systems, or from lagoons or land sprayed with the waste material. 3. Agricultural sources are any sources of phosphate other than sewage having its origin on a farm. Runoff and drainage from cultivated and fertilized farmland contains phosphate. Unfer­ tilized farmland can also contribute phosphates if the topsoii containing phosphate enters the surface water in the form of mud or slit. Farm animals may be major contributors of phos­ phates, but iittie attention has been directed to this source. 4. Natural sources are those sources of phosphate not directly resulting from human activities including farming. Rain can be a natural source of phosphates. Runoff from forested or open land contains phosphate both in the soluble form and as part of siit washed into streams. Wild animal and bird drop­ pings are another natural source of phosphates. Fish and plank­ ton use and discharge phosphates, and can--by moving from one point to another between use and discharge--contribute phosphate to the body of water where discharge takes place. The phosphates enter sewage and surface waters in many forms— soluble and insoluble, inorganic and organic. In some work, the author was careful to describe the form being considered; other authors were less precise. Wherever possible in this report, phosphate means total phosphate in al formsl . When an author reported more than one value for phosphate, all values were included, but the higher figure was always used to calculate the phosphate contribution. Tables 1 and 2 at the end of this report contain the essential data from the definitive articles found on sources of phosphate in surface 4

What article was found with a quantita­ tive estimate of the phosphate contributed to sewage by?

Only one article (Harkness and Jenkins, 1958) was found with a quantita­ tive estimate of the phosphate contributed to sewage by detergent build­ ers. Since the article refers to sewage in England, the estimate was of only passing interest for this study .

Where do phosphates come from?

Natural Sources A number of informative articles were found that described some of the natural sources of phosphates in surface water (see Table 1-D), but only three were sufficiently definitive to allow any comparison with other sources. Sylvester, 1961, reported the phosphorus in the runoff from forested areas in the Cascade mountains in the State of Washington (0.32 to 0.77 pounds acre-year). Extrapolating these figures to the 480 million acres of commercial forests in the country indicates that 2.4 to 5.8 pounds PO^/capita-year come from this source. Again, Sylves­ ter's data may not be applicable to the entire country. However, Donahue, 1961, found that 1.8 to 3.3 pounds P/acre were returned to the ground by hardwood leaves and conifer needles and, if all of this phosphorus was dissolved and carried away in the runoff water, 4.5 to 8.3 pounds PO4/ capita-year would come from forested areas. Since all the phosphate in the leaves and needles would not be carried off, and since phosphate in the runoff water can come from other sources in the forest, the 2.4 to 5.8 pounds P04/capita-year figures found by Sylvester seem entirely reasonable. Even rain can contain phosphates. Voigt, 1960, found 0.01 ppm phosphorus in the rain falling on an open field near New Haven, Connecti­ cut. The contribution to surface waters from this source, which is nor­ mally considered pure, could be about 0.4 pound P04/capita-year. This contribution is about the same as Weibel, 1964, found for urban runnoff— 0.35 pound P04/capita-year. The only reference found to wild animals as contributors of phos­ phates to surface waters was an article by Paloumpis, 1960. He estimated that the wild duck population contributed 29,000 pounds of phosphate just to Chautauqua Lake in Illinois. While the above natural sources of phosphate are significant, it seems that little has been done to determine the amount of phosphate that enters the surface waters in the form of silt. The work reported by Fippin, 1945--which was discussed under agricultural wastes--would indi­ cate that 30 pounds P04/capita-year might enter the nation's surface waters as a component of silt. Furthermore, Abbott, 1957, showed that algae actually grew by using the phosphate in silt when the soluble phas- phate was insufficient to support growth. Silt could be the most impor­ tant source of phosphate, in terms of quantities, entering the surface waters. 9

How much phosphate is in Chicago sewage?

As already described, the apparent municipal sewage contribution of phosphate to Chicago's sewage is 8.3 pounds P04/capita-year. Neel, 1956, in describ­ ing the raw sewage from Kearney, Nebraska, also indicated the relative contribution from municipal sewage and from industrial sources. By using the same assumptions as are used for the Chicago case, the municipal sewage component of phosphate in the raw sewage from Kearney is 8.0 pounds P04/capital year. In general, then, 7 to 9 pounds P04/capita-year appear to be the amount of municipal sewage in the raw sewage of cities. The reported phosphate contents of sewage effluents to surface waters range from 3.6 pounds P04/capita-year for Madison, Wisconsin, in 1943 (Sawyer, 1947) to 18 pounds P04/capita-year for Bakersfield (California, State of, 1956). (Rudolfs, in an article published in 1947, reports contents of 1.2 to 2.8 pounds, but the data were not specific enough to evaluate and, therefore, have been discounted.) The majority of the data fall between 4.0 and 12.0 pounds P04/capita-year. With the possible exception of the sewage from Sullivan, Illinois, and Madison, Wisconsin, all the effluents containing over 6 pounds P04/capita-year are from cities that are heavily industrialized. The sewage effluent, then, from the less industrialized cities, which should be comparable to the effluent from municipal sewage, would appear to contain 4 to 6 pounds P04/capita-year. The major sources of phosphate in municipal sewage appear to be human wastes and detergent builders. Food added through garbage dis­ posers has also been suggested as a possible source of phosphate, but no information was found on the subject. In fact, only one article was found that specifically discussed the sources of phosphate in sewage (Harkness and Jenkins, 1958). Detergent Builders as a Phosphate Source Harkness and Jenkins made several assumptions about the use of detergents in England, and from these assumptions, estimated that about 20 percent of the total phosphorous in the raw sewage came from detergents. Since these estimates are based on detergent use in a foreign country, they are probably of little use for this U.S. study. The estimates, therefore, have not been considered in detail but are only mentioned here in passing. Human Wastes as a Phosphate Source Since no references were found that specifically covered the contri­ bution of phosphates to raw sewage by human wastes, some general physio­ logical data were assembled (Table 2) that indicate the magnitude of this

Where is phosphate found?

Presently all the Phosphate reserves that are found all over the world are not “mineable” deposits, as mining of them are not economically feasible. The United States is the highest phosphate-producing country in the world, while Morocco and China are the second and third countries with respect to phosphate production. Australia and Canada are recently known sites of phosphorus mining. There are rich deposits of phosphate found in Mongolia and Peru that will fulfill the need in the future. Florida phosphate industry becomes one of the major producer and exporter of phosphate fertilizer due to good transportation and industrial infrastructure facility in America and also because a substantial layer of phosphate is only 15 to 50 feet below a soft overburden. The phosphate mining in Central Florida overshadowed other sources because of low cost of mining, large deposits and the good quality of phosphate content of Florida rock. Florida is presently providing approximately 75% of the nation’s supply of phosphate fertilizer and about 25% of the world supply. In 2000, mining operations began in Ontario, Canada, of North America. Florida’s phosphate is part of a deposit that stretches across the state and up the coast to the Chesapeake Bay. The phosphate mining is expanded from Central Florida to Polk and Hillsborough counties, south, to Hardee, DeSoto, Manatee and Sarasota counties. In Northern Florida phosphate deposits are present in Hamilton, Columbia and Suwannee counties.

What is the most common rock phosphate?

The most common rock phosphate mined is fluorapatite, which contains impurities like CO3, Na and Mg. Carbonate-fluorapatite (francolite) is primary apatite mineral in the majority of phosphate rocks. The high reactivity of some phosphate rocks is due to the occurrence of francolite.

What is phosphate rock used for?

Defluorinated phosphate rock or phosphoric acid is used to make animal feed supplements by combining phosphate rock with phosphoric acid, sodium carbonate and then calcine or react it with lime to get dicalcium phosphate.

Why is rock phosphate used as a fertilizer?

Soils has an eminent reserve of total P, but very little amount of P is actually available to the plants to support their growth to fulfill the requirement; continuous application of phosphate fertilizers is essential for increasing crop yield. Water solubility of phosphate fertilizers depends on both acidic and neutral to alkaline conditions. Several factors that influence the application of rock phosphate as P fertilizer are rate of dissolution, soil characteristics, plant species and fertilizer.

What is the source of phosphorus fertilizer?

Abstract. Earlier the original source of phosphorus (P) fertilizer was bones; as time passes, the supply of P fertilizer will get exhausted. Today, rock phosphate is the only raw material in the form of P fertilizers.

Why is Florida a major producer of phosphate fertilizer?

Florida phosphate industry becomes one of the major producer and exporter of phosphate fertilizer due to good transportation and industrial infrastructure facility in America and also because a substantial layer of phosphate is only 15 to 50 feet below a soft overburden.

When was phosphorus first extracted?

To overcome this problem, some workers started extraction of phosphorus from rocks; in 1847 the first commercial production of P rocks from the mining of coprolites began in Suffolk in Great Britain and peaked in 1876 when about 25,000 metric tons were mined. 1.1.1. World phosphate reserves and resources.

Plant Material

Animal Sources

• The amount of available phosphorus provided by animal sources - principally meat, fish and bone meals - varies from 59-74%, according to the material’s origin and production process. Despite higher digestibility, the total phosphorus content may also vary by as much as 30% and these sources run a greater risk of possible contamination. Important:Th...

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Inorganic Sources

Product Purity

Variable Nutritional Values