P-waves and S-waves or Rayleigh waves
Rayleigh wave
Rayleigh waves are a type of surface acoustic wave that travel on solids. They can be produced in materials in many ways, such as by a localized impact or by piezo-electric transduction, and are frequently used in non-destructive testing for detecting defects. They are part of the seismic w…
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What type of waves are Love waves?
These waves are observed only when there is a low velocity layer overlying a high velocity layer/ sub–layers. The particle motion of a Love wave forms a horizontal line perpendicular to the direction of propagation (i.e. are transverse waves ).
How are Love waves different from other seismic waves?
They form a distinct class, different from other types of seismic waves, such as P-waves and S-waves (both body waves ), or Rayleigh waves (another type of surface wave). Love waves travel with a lower velocity than P- or S- waves, but faster than Rayleigh waves.
What are the boundary conditions for a love wave?
The boundary conditions for a Love wave are that the surface tractions at the free surface (z = 0) {\displaystyle (z=0)} must be zero. Another requirement is that the stress component τ y z {\displaystyle \tau _ {yz}} in a layer medium must be continuous at the interfaces of the layers.
Are Love waves horizontally polarized?
Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. In elastodynamics, Love waves, named after Augustus Edward Hough Love, are horizontally polarized surface waves.
What are the 2 subtypes of Love waves?
Types and features of waves Waves come in two kinds, longitudinal and transverse. Transverse waves are like those on water, with the surface going up and down, and longitudinal waves are like of those of sound, consisting of alternating compressions and rarefactions in a medium.
What are the subtypes of Rayleigh waves?
Rayleigh waves include both longitudinal and transverse motions that decrease exponentially in amplitude as distance from the surface increases. There is a phase difference between these component motions.
Are Love waves P or S-waves?
In elastodynamics, Love waves, named after Augustus Edward Hough Love, are horizontally polarized surface waves. The Love wave is a result of the interference of many shear waves (S-waves) guided by an elastic layer, which is welded to an elastic half space on one side while bordering a vacuum on the other side.
What are the three characteristics of Love waves?
Love waves are transverse and restricted to horizontal movement - they are recorded only on seismometers that measure the horizontal ground motion. Another important characteristic of Love waves is that the amplitude of ground vibration caused by a Love wave decreases with depth - they're surface waves.
What are the 4 subtypes of seismic waves?
Love Waves—surface waves that move parallel to the Earth's surface and perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation..P-wave Motion. P-wave:the primary body wave; the first seismic wave detected by seismographs; able to move through both liquid and solid rock. ... S-wave Motion. ... Rayleigh-wave Motion. ... Love-wave Motion.
What is Rayleigh and Love waves?
Some earthquake waves move only along the surface of the earth. Love waves shake the surface side-to-side. Rayleigh waves move the surface of the earth around in a circle, forward and down then back and up. This is the same as the motion in an ocean wave. Deeper in the ground, Rayleigh and Love waves get smaller.
Is Love wave and Rayleigh wave the same?
Love waves have a horizontal motion that moves the surface from side to side perpendicular to the direction the wave is traveling. Of the two surface waves, Love waves move faster. Rayleigh waves cause the ground to shake in an elliptical pattern. This motion is similar to that observed in ocean waves.
Are Love or Rayleigh waves more destructive?
While both types of surface waves are dangerous, Love waves cause more damage than Rayleigh waves. This is due to the nature of the wave motion as it...
Which is faster Rayleigh or Love waves?
Love waves can also cause horizontal shearing of the ground. They usually travel slightly faster than Rayleigh waves, at a speed that is usually about 10% slower than S-waves, but like S-waves, they cannot spread through water.
Which describes Rayleigh waves?
A Rayleigh wave is a seismic surface wave causing the ground to shake in an elliptical motion, with no transverse, or perpendicular, motion.
What are the P and S waves collectively called?
P and S waves together are sometimes called body waves because they can travel through the body of the earth, and are not trapped near the surface. A P wave is a sound wave traveling through rock.
How are Rayleigh waves produced?
Rayleigh waves are formed when the particle motion is a combination of both longitudinal and transverse vibration giving rise to an elliptical retrograde motion in the vertical plane along the direction of travel.