What are the differences between DNA and RNA quizlet? The three main differences between RNA and DNA is that (1) The sugar in RNA is ribose instead of deoxyribose
Deoxyribose
Deoxyribose, or more precisely 2-deoxyribose, is a monosaccharide with idealized formula H₃−H. Its name indicates that it is a deoxy sugar, meaning that it is derived from the sugar ribose by loss of an oxygen atom. Since the pentose sugars arabinose and ribose only differ by the stereoche…
Thymine
Thymine is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA that are represented by the letters G–C–A–T. The others are adenine, guanine, and cytosine. Thymine is also known as 5-methyluracil, a pyrimidine nucleobase. In RNA, thymine is replaced by the nucleobase uracil. Thy…
What are the similarities between DNA and RNA?
Similarities Between DNA and RNA Viruses
- Both DNA and RNA viruses can only reproduce inside a living host cell.
- Most DNA and RNA viruses can be harmful since they infect living cells.
- Both DNA and RNA viruses contain a capsid.
- Both DNA and RNA viruses can be either enveloped or non-enveloped.
Which bases are different between DNA and RNA?
What Are The Differenced Between DNA and RNA?
- Structure and Size. One of the notable differences between DNA and RNA is physical structure. ...
- Sugar Structure. Remember that both have sugar structures. ...
- Nitrogenous Bases. DNA has four nitrogenous bases that include adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. ...
- Location and Occurrence. ...
- General Functions. ...
- Types. ...
What is the primary function of DNA and RNA?
The primary functions of RNA:
- Facilitate the translation of DNA into proteins
- Functions as an adapter molecule in protein synthesis
- Serves as a messenger between the DNA and the ribosomes.
- They are the carrier of genetic information in all living cells
- Promotes the ribosomes to choose the right amino acid which is required in building up of new proteins in the body.
Are DNA and RNA similar to each other?
RNA is somewhat similar to DNA; they both are nucleic acids of nitrogen-containing bases joined by sugar-phosphate backbone. How ever structural and functional differences distinguish RNA from DNA. Structurally, RNA is a single-stranded where as DNA is double stranded. DNA has Thymine, where as RNA has Uracil.
What are the 3 major differences between DNA and RNA?
Summary of Differences Between DNA and RNADNA contains the sugar deoxyribose, while RNA contains the sugar ribose. ... DNA is a double-stranded molecule, while RNA is a single-stranded molecule.DNA is stable under alkaline conditions, while RNA is not stable.DNA and RNA perform different functions in humans.More items...•
What are 3 similarities and differences between DNA and RNA?
DNARNA1. It is a double-stranded molecule.1. It is a single-stranded molecule.2. It is formed of long chains of nucleotides.2. It is formed of a shorter chain of nucleotides.3. It is more stable.3. In the ribose backbone, the hydroxyl groups make the molecule less stable.2 more rows
How are DNA and RNA different quizlet?
RNA is different than DNA because it has: ribose for the sugar, uracil instead of thymine, and it is single-stranded. DNA is different than RNA because it has: deoxyribose for the sugar, thymine instead of uracil, and it is double stranded.
Which of the following are correct differences between DNA and RNA quizlet?
Which of the following correctly describes a difference between DNA and RNA? DNA occurs in the nucleus, whereas RNA only occurs outside the nucleus. DNA contains a ribose, whereas RNA contains a deoxyribose sugar. DNA is single-stranded, whereas RNA is double-stranded.
What is main difference between DNA and RNA?
There are two differences that distinguish DNA from RNA: (a) RNA contains the sugar ribose, while DNA contains the slightly different sugar deoxyribose (a type of ribose that lacks one oxygen atom), and (b) RNA has the nucleobase uracil while DNA contains thymine.
What are 5 differences between DNA and RNA?
DNA is a double-stranded molecule that has a long chain of nucleotides. RNA is a single-stranded molecule which has a shorter chain of nucleotides. DNA replicates on its own, it is self-replicating. RNA does not replicate on its own.
What are 4 differences between DNA and RNA?
DNA has four nitrogenous bases - Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and Thyamine. RNA also has four nitrogenous bases, Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and Uracil.
What are the 3 main types of RNA?
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis. They are messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). rRNA forms ribosomes, which are essential in protein synthesis. A ribosome contains a large and small ribosomal subunit.
What are the functions of DNA and RNA quizlet?
DNA stores and transmits genetic information. RNA acts as a template for making proteins. DNA is found in the nucleus only.
Which statement best describes a difference between DNA and RNA?
Which of the following BEST explains a structural difference between DNA and RNA? DNA is usually double-stranded, with both strands parallel in directionality, whereas RNA is usually single-stranded.
Which of the following is correct about the differences between DNA and RNA?
Correct answer: RNA and DNA are very similar in composition, but differ in structure and function. DNA is used to code for genetic material, while RNA is used to generate protein products.
Which of the following statements best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?
Which best describes the difference between DNA and RNA? DNA contains deoxyribose sugar and RNA contains ribose sugar.
What are 3 things DNA and RNA have in common?
As nucleic acids, DNA and RNA share some similarities:Both DNA and RNA store genetic information.DNA and RNA are both large biological polymers.Both DNA and RNA consists of sugar, nitrogenous bases, and a phosphate backbone.On both molecules, guanine and cytosine pair with each other (are complementary).More items...•
What are the three similarities between DNA and RNA?
Similarities between DNA and RNA: Both are made up of five carbon- pentose sugar, phosphate and nitrogenous bases. Both are polynucleotide chains made up of a single nucleotide unit or monomers. Both biomolecules are synthesized by the polymerase enzyme. Practically, both DNA and RNA can be precipitated using alcohol.
What is a similarity between DNA and RNA?
They are all made of a phosphate group, a sugar molecule, and a nitrogenous base. In both DNA and RNA, the monomers are bonded through phosphodiester bonds between the 3' carbon end of one molecule and the 5' carbon end of the next. In both cases, the backbone is made of a sugar-phosphate backbone.
What are the similarities and differences between DNA and RNA quizlet?
-DNA is double-stranded, RNA is single-stranded. - DNA contains a pentose sugar Deoxyribose, RNA contains the pentose sugar Ribose. A pentose is a 5-carbon sugar molecule. - DNA is limited to the nucleus, RNA is made in the nucleus, but can travel outside of it.
What is the function of DNA and RNA?
DNA and RNA perform different functions in humans. DNA is responsible for storing and transferring genetic information, while RNA directly codes for amino acids and acts as a messenger between DNA and ribosomes to make proteins.
Why is RNA more reactive than DNA?
The O-H bond in the ribose of RNA makes the molecule more reactive, compared with DNA. RNA is not stable under alkaline conditions, plus the large grooves in the molecule make it susceptible to enzyme attack. RNA is constantly produced, used, degraded, and recycled.
What are the bases of DNA and RNA?
DNA and RNA base pairing is slightly different since DNA uses the bases adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine; RNA uses adenine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine. Uracil differs from thymine in that it lacks a methyl group on its ring.
Why does DNA evolve if RNA exists?
The most likely answer for this is that having a double-stranded molecule helps protect the genetic code from damage. If one strand is broken, the other strand can serve as a template for repair.
What is double stranded RNA?
Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) sometimes occurs. It is similar to DNA, except thymine is replaced by uracil. This type of RNA is found in some viruses. When these viruses infect eukaryotic cells, the dsRNA can interfere with normal RNA function and stimulate an interferon response.
What is the molecule that stores genetic blueprints?
RNA is used to transmit genetic information in some organisms and may have been the molecule used to store genetic blueprints in primitive organisms. B-form double helix. DNA is a double-stranded molecule consisting of a long chain of nucleotides. A-form helix.
What is the most common form of DNA?
While the most common form of DNA is a double helix. there is evidence for rare cases of branched DNA, quadruplex DNA, and molecules made from triple strands. 2 Scientists have found DNA in which arsenic substitutes for phosphorus. 3
Summary of Differences Between DNA and RNA
- DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose, while RNA contains the sugar ribose. The only difference between ribose and deoxyribose is that ribose has one more -OH group than deoxyribose, which has -H atta...
- DNA is a double-stranded molecule, while RNA is a single-stranded molecule.
- DNA is stable under alkaline conditions, while RNA is not stable.
- DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose, while RNA contains the sugar ribose. The only difference between ribose and deoxyribose is that ribose has one more -OH group than deoxyribose, which has -H atta...
- DNA is a double-stranded molecule, while RNA is a single-stranded molecule.
- DNA is stable under alkaline conditions, while RNA is not stable.
- DNA and RNA perform different functions in humans. DNA is responsible for storing and transferring genetic information, while RNA directly codes for amino acidsand acts as a messenger between DNA a...
Comparison of DNA and RNA
- While both DNA and RNA are used to store genetic information, there are clear differences between them. This table summarizes the key points:
Which Came First?
- There is some evidence DNA may have occurred first, but most scientists believe RNA evolved before DNA.1 RNA has a simpler structure and is needed in order for DNA to function. Also, RNA is found in prokaryotes, which are believed to precede eukaryotes. RNA on its own can act as a catalyst for certain chemical reactions. The real question is why DNA evolved if RNA existed. T…
Unusual DNA and RNA
- While the most common form of DNA is a double helix. there is evidence for rare cases of branched DNA, quadruplex DNA, and molecules made from triple strands.2 Scientists have found DNA in which arsenic substitutes for phosphorus.3 Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) sometimes occurs. It is similar to DNA, except thymine is replaced by uracil. This type of RNA is …
Additional References
- Burge S, Parkinson GN, Hazel P, Todd AK, Neidle S (2006). "Quadruplex DNA: sequence, topology and structure". Nucleic Acids Research. 34 (19): 5402–15. doi:10.1093/nar/gkl655
- Whitehead KA, Dahlman JE, Langer RS, Anderson DG (2011). "Silencing or stimulation? siRNA delivery and the immune system". Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering. 2: 77–96. doi:10.1...