What are the types of antecedent?
- I/me.
- you/you (singular and plural)
- he/him.
- she/her.
- it/it.
- we/us.
- they/them.
What are some examples of antecedents and pronouns?
There are quite a few of these, and a few examples are: An antecedent is basically just a word or words specifically a noun or pronoun that the pronoun refers to. A pronoun can only be used when there is an antecedent because otherwise a sentence will not make any sense.
What are the two types of antecedent variables?
These two types of antecedent variables are referred to as discriminative stimuli and setting events. Setting events differ from discriminative stimuli as setting events are believed to have an effect on the stimulus-response relationship.
What is an antecedent in this sentence?
In this sentence, 'astronaut' is an antecedent. An antecedent is the word that a pronoun replaces or refers to. Any time that you have a pronoun, you'll have an antecedent, even if it's not in the very same sentence. This makes sense; if we didn't have an antecedent for every pronoun, we'd be left with a lot of confusion.
What is the difference between singular and plural antecedents?
A pronoun and its antecedent must always agree in number. Basically, if an antecedent is singular, then the pronoun that replaces it or refers to it must also be singular. A plural antecedent must have a corresponding plural pronoun that replaces or refers to it. A pronoun and its antecedent must always agree in gender.
What are the three main types of antecedents?
An antecedent is described as the “trigger” for the behavior that happens right after. If the trigger or antecedent does not happen, then the behavior does not occur. Antecedents come in three different forms: events, objects, and people.
What are examples of antecedents in behavior?
Antecedents are events or environments that trigger behavior. They can happen immediately before a behavior or be an accumulation of previous events. Examples of immediate antecedent would be: A student walks into class crying because someone called her a name as she was walking down the hall.
What are antecedents in psychology?
Antecedent- The events, action(s), or circumstances that occur immediately before a behavior. Behavior- The behavior in detail. Consequences- The action(s) or response(s) that immediately follows the behavior.
What are antecedents ABA?
In applied behavior analysis (ABA), we talk a lot about the events that precede and follow target behaviors. An antecedent is something that happens immediately before a behavior.
How do antecedents affect behavior?
An antecedent is a stimulus that cues an organism to perform a learned behavior. When an organism perceives an antecedent stimulus, it behaves in a way that maximizes reinforcing consequences and minimizes punishing consequences.
What is an antecedent in education?
Topic Progress: The Effective Teaching and Learning Practices can act as antecedents; meaning they set the stage, or trigger, appropriate behaviors and maximize the probability of student success.
What are two types of consequences?
Consequences are the outcomes that result from one's behavior. There are generally two types of consequences: (1) natural, and (2) logical.
What is an internal antecedent?
Internal Antecedent For example, smells and touch may be more important to a student than auditory input. It is only through the student expressing discomfort in some way or our interpretation of changes to their presentation that we will be able to gain a clue as to the cause.
What are antecedent strategies?
Antecedent strategies are preventative strategies implemented in the classroom to reduce the occurrence of challenging behaviors. These strategies focus on modifying the environment or removing elements in the environment that may be triggering or increasing the challenging behavior.
What is an example of an antecedent in ABA?
For example, if your child tantrums each night when it's time to transition to bed, the verbal prompt "it's time for bed"might be an antecedent or turn on your child's challenging behavior.
What are examples of antecedent based interventions?
Question: What are some examples of Antecedent Based Interventions?modifying the environment,providing choices, and.using motivating items.
What are antecedent conditions?
Definition. Antecedent conditions represent a temporary state within dynamic natural and social systems that precedes and influences the onset and magnitude of a hazard and its consequences. They are distinct from, but influenced by, what are commonly referred to as preconditions (preexisting conditions).
What are some examples of antecedent strategies?
Examples of basing antecedent interventions on the function of the behavior of concern:Attention. Adult increases proximity to monitor. Potential Antecedent Intervention. ... Escape. Get out of work demand by hitting teacher. Potential Antecedent Intervention. ... Tangible. Get additional time with free play items.
What is an example of an antecedent stimulus?
The student made a bad choice of not paying attention and the punishment or consequence was having to sit out and miss recess while their classmates enjoyed their playtime. In contrast, a bell at school that is rung between classes could be seen as an antecedent stimulus.
What are some antecedent strategies?
Antecedent interventions are designed to alter the environment before a behavior occurs. There are many treatments that qualify as antecedent interventions....The following is a small sample:Choice.Prompting.Priming.High-probability sequence.Noncontingent reinforcement.Time delay.Contriving motivating operations.
What is an example of a behavior?
The definition of behavior is the way a person or thing acts or reacts. A child throwing a tantrum is an example of bad behavior. The actions of chimps studied by scientists are an example of behaviors. The way a person behaves or acts; conduct; manners.
What is an Antecedent?
An antecedent is the word or words that a pronoun refers to. In Latin, where the word is derived from, the word antecedent means to go before. It was given its name with the idea that a pronoun refers to something previously mentioned in the sentence. For example: When you see the professor, please tell him I’ll be 10 minutes late this evening. In this example, the antecedent is the word professor and the pronoun referring to it is the word him. This proves the point that an antecedent comes before the pronoun in a grammatically correct sentence.
What is an antecedent in a sentence?
An antecedent is basically just a word or words specifically a noun or pronoun that the pronoun refers to. A pronoun can only be used when there is an antecedent because otherwise a sentence will not make any sense. Now that you have learned about it, here are some more examples to make it even clearer for your. Remember that in these examples the antecedent is in bold letters and the pronoun referring to it in italic letters:
What is the agreement between the antecedent and the pronoun?
Pronoun-antecedent agreement refers to the agreement of the antecedent and its pronoun regarding the number, gender and person used as in first, second, or third person. There should be harmony between the pronoun and antecedent in order for the sentence to make perfect sense, otherwise it would just confuse the reader what the sentence actually means. To discuss pronoun-antecedent agreement further, here are some of the rules that should be remembered:
What are some examples of indefinite pronouns?
Some examples of indefinite pronouns are anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody, no one, and nobody. The same goes for either and neither although seem to be referring to two things.
Is there a difference between a pronoun and an antecedent?
This is the same example as before, the only difference is that the pronoun comes before the noun antecedent. Anytime there is a pronoun there is also an antecedent that it refers to. There are also cases when the antecedent is not on the same sentence as the pronoun referring to it.
Is a pronoun an antecedent?
Without the other a sentence will be grammatically incorrect and simply will not make any sense. The antecedent of a pronoun is typically a noun, pronoun or a noun phrase.
Is "antecedent" plural or singular?
Any antecedent connected by and should be treated as plural in form. For example:
What is the meaning of "antecedent"?
Basically, if an antecedent is singular, then the pronoun that replaces it or refers to it must also be singular. A plural antecedent must have a corresponding plural pronoun that replaces or refers to it. A pronoun and its antecedent must always agree in gender.
What is the rule for antecedents?
There's a second basic rule to keep in mind when you're working with pronouns and antecedents: A pronoun and its antecedent must always agree in gender. That means that if an antecedent is feminine, then the corresponding pronoun must also be feminine. For example, you might say, My sister is at the top of her class.
What is an antecedent in a pronoun?
Remember that a pronoun is a word that takes the place of or refers to a noun. An antecedent is the word that a pronoun replaces or refers to.
Do you have an antecedent in every sentence?
Any time that you have a pronoun, you'll have an antecedent, even if it's not in the very same sentence. This makes sense; if we didn't have an antecedent for every pronoun, we'd be left with a lot of confusion. Imagine that someone runs by you screaming, Run! It is coming! In the second sentence, the word 'it' is a pronoun.
Do singular antecedents have to be paired?
The flip side of our rule stating that singular antecedents must be paired up with singular pronouns is the rule that a plural antecedent must have a corresponding plural pronoun that replaces or refers to it. If a word is plural, that means that there is more than one.
What is an antecedent?
An antecedent is the word or phrase that is replaced by a pronoun. Here’s a very simple example:
What is the most important thing to understand about antecedents?
The most important thing to understand about antecedents is agreement. In other words, the pronoun must match the antecedent. This is simple when it refers to singular and plural demonstrative or personal pronouns. We’ll define these terms shortly. But sometimes the rules aren’t as clear-cut.
Why Are Antecedents Important?
Understanding pronoun-antecedent agreement ensures that your writing is as clear as possible. You want your readers to know who or what you are speaking about. Additionally, pronoun-antecedent agreement works in conjunction with subject-verb agreement to allow our writing to flow correctly.
Is "everyone" an antecedent?
Sometimes, pronouns themselves are the antecedent. These might be indefinite pronouns, like every, neither, anybody, or someone. Usually, if the indefinite pronouns are singular, then the other pronouns that must agree are also singular.
Is it easy to understand antecedents?
There are many grammatical terms that sound tricky but are actually quite easy to understand. Antecedents are one of these terms. In fact, you probably understand antecedents well, even if you don’t know what they are!
Is pronoun antecedent agreement straightforward?
Rules are made to be broken, and the English language takes that very seriously! There are several instances when pronoun-antecedent agreement isn’t as straightforward as the previous examples. But we’ll explain what you need to know in simple terms.
What is the meaning of the antecedent?
Postcedents. The ante- in antecedent means 'before, in front of'. Thus when a proform precedes its antecedent, the antecedent is technically not an antecedent, but rather it is a post cedent, post- meaning 'after, behind'. The following examples illustrate postcedents: a.
What does "antecedent" mean in grammar?
Expression that gives its meaning to a pro-form in grammar. In grammar, an antecedent (Etymology: Latin antecedentem meaning precede, a noun coming from ante - before, and the verb cedere - to go) is an expression (word, phrase, clause, sentence, etc.) that gives its meaning to a proform (pronoun, pro-verb, pro-adverb, etc.).
What is the prepositional phrase for "two violinists were there"?
d. Two violinists were there, at the party. - Prepositional phrase as postcedent
What does the prefix "antecedent" mean?
The prefix ante- means "before" or "in front of", and post- means "after" or "behind". The term antecedent stems from traditional grammar. The linguistic term that is closely related ...
Why is the antecedent of a pronoun not clear?
In some cases, the wording could have an uncertain antecedent, where the antecedent of a pronoun is not clear because two or more prior nouns or phrases could match the count, gender, or logic as a prior reference.
Is it rare to have a postcedent?
Postcedents are rare compared to antecedents, and in practice, the distinction between antecedents and postcedents is often ignored, the term antecedent being used to denote both. This practice is a source of confusion and some have therefore denounced the term antecedent outright because of this confusion.
Do pronouns have a linguistic antecedent?
Some proforms lack a linguistic antecedent (or postcedent). In such cases, the antecedent is implied in the given discourse environment or from general knowledge of the world. For instance, the first person pronouns I, me, we, and us and second person pronoun you are proforms that usually lack a linguistic antecedent.
What is an antecedent in psychology?
Antecedent (behavioral psychology) An antecedent is a stimulus that cues an organism to perform a learned behavior. When an organism perceives an antecedent stimulus, it behaves in a way that maximizes reinforcing consequences and minimizes punishing consequences.
What is the difference between antecedent stimuli and antecedent stimuli?
Antecedent stimuli (paired with reinforcing consequences) activate centers of the brain involved in motivation, while antecedent stimuli that have been paired with punishing consequences activate brain centers involved in fear. Antecedents play a different role while attempting to trigger positive and negative outcomes.
Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement
Demonstrative Pronouns
- Demonstrative pronouns allow us to refer to specific nouns or noun phrases for emphasis. The demonstrative pronouns in English are this, that, these, and those. This and that are singular, and these and thoseare plural. Here’s how demonstrative pronouns work with antecedents: 1. Dan fell asleep in the Zoom meeting, and that is unacceptable behavior. (Fell asleep in the Zoom meetin…
Relative Pronouns
- There are also relative pronouns, which begin subordinate clauses and describe antecedent. The relative pronouns are who, whom, whose, which, and that. These are used not to replace antecedent, but to add additional information. For example: 1. Kevin, who is a pharmacist, helped me study for my biology exam. (Kevin is the antecedent for who.) 2. Th...
Other Antecedent Agreement Rules
- Rules are made to be broken, and the English language takes that very seriously! There are several instances when pronoun-antecedent agreement isn’t as straightforward as the previous examples. But we’ll explain what you need to know in simple terms.
Why Are Antecedents Important?
- Understanding pronoun-antecedent agreement ensures that your writing is as clear as possible. You want your readers to know who or what you are speaking about. Additionally, pronoun-antecedent agreement works in conjunction with subject-verb agreement to allow our writing to flow correctly. ProWritingAid helps check for pronoun consistency. You can find the pronoun rep…
Overview
In grammar, an antecedent is an expression (word, phrase, clause, sentence, etc.) that gives its meaning to a proform (pronoun, pro-verb, pro-adverb, etc.). A proform takes its meaning from its antecedent; e.g., "John arrived late because traffic held him up." The pronoun him refers to and takes its meaning from John, so John is the antecedent of him. Proforms usually follow their antecedents, but sometimes they precede them, in which case one is, technically, dealing with p…
Examples
Almost any syntactic category can serve as the antecedent to a proform. The following examples illustrate a range of proforms and their antecedents. The proforms are in bold, and their antecedents are underlined
a. Willy said he likes chocolate. - Noun as antecedent
b. My eccentric uncle likes chocolate. He tells everyone to buy him chocolate. - Noun phrase as …
Uncertain antecedents
In some cases, the wording could have an uncertain antecedent, where the antecedent of a pronoun is not clear because two or more prior nouns or phrases could match the count, gender, or logic as a prior reference. In such cases, scholars have recommended to rewrite the sentence structure to be more specific, or repeat the words of the antecedent rather than use only a pronoun phrase, as a technique to resolve the uncertain antecedent.
Postcedents
The ante- in antecedent means 'before, in front of'. Thus when a proform precedes its antecedent, the antecedent is technically not an antecedent, but rather it is a postcedent, post- meaning 'after, behind'. The following examples illustrate postcedents:
a. When it is ready, I'll have a cup of coffee. - Noun as postcedent
b. In her bed, my friend spends the entire morning. - Noun phrase as postcedent
Implied antecedents
Some proforms lack a linguistic antecedent (or postcedent). In such cases, the antecedent is implied in the given discourse environment or from general knowledge of the world. For instance, the first person pronouns I, me, we, and us and second person pronoun you are proforms that usually lack a linguistic antecedent. However, their antecedents are present in the discourse context as the speaker and the listener. Pleonastic proforms also lack a linguistic antecedent, e.…
See also
• Binding — Association of anaphoric elements
• Generic antecedent – Representatives of classes in a situation in which gender is typically unknown
Notes
1. ^ Definitions of "antecedent" along these lines can be found, for instance, in Crystal (1999:20) and Radford (2004:322)
2. ^ Carnie (2013:150) defines antecedent as an NP that gives its meaning to another NP. Carnie's definition is too narrow, as many of the examples here illustrate. Antecedents (and proforms) are not limited to the noun or noun phrase categories.