what are the water requirements of the crop

Water requirements of crop

1. Texture and structure of the soil and its moisture storage capacity.
2. Position of the groundwater table.
3. The slope of the ground.
4. Drainage conditions.
5. Climatic conditions like rainfall temperature, wind movement, and relative humidity.
6. The system of irrigation adopted.
7. The intensity of irrigation.
8. Type and amount of manure applied to fields.

Full Answer

What is meant by water requirement of crop?

Water requirement of crop is the quantity of water regardless of source, needed for normal crop growth and yield in a period of time at a place and may be supplied by precipitation or by irrigation or by both.

How much irrigation water is required to raise a crop?

Every crop requires a certain quantity of water after a certain fixed interval, throughout its period of growth. If natural rain is sufficient and timely so as to satisfy both these requirements, no irrigation water is required for raising that crop.

What is the total depth of water required during crop period?

Hence, the total depth of water required during the crop period represents the total quantity of water required for its complete nourishment. This total quantity of water required by the crop measured in hectare-meter or acre-ft or million cubic meters or million cubic ft.

How much water does a corn crop need to grow?

Crop water requirements are a function of crop characteristics, management, and environmental demands. About 600–650 mm of water was required for a complete corn growing season at Colby, KS ( Lamm et al., 2009 ).

What is the importance of crop water requirement?

Water is one of the most important inputs essential for the production of crops. Plants need it continuously during their life and in huge quantities. It profoundly influences photosynthesis, respiration, absorption, translocation and utilization of mineral nutrients, and cell division besides some other processes.

Which crop has highest water requirement?

Some of the most popular crops today are highly water-intensive....These crops include:Rice.Soybeans.Wheat.Sugarcane.Cotton.Alfalfa.Pasture.

What is the net water requirement?

The net irrigation water requirement (INET) is the net amount of water that must be applied by irrigation to supplement stored soil water and precipitation and supply the water required for the full yield of an irrigated crop.

What are the different factors that affect water requirement of crop?

These factors are humidity and wind speed. When it is dry, the crop water needs are higher than when it is humid. In windy climates, the crops will use more water than in calm climates. The highest crop water needs are thus found in areas which are hot, dry, windy and sunny.

What is the water requirement of rice?

A general rule is that a rice crop will need approximately 10mm of water per day. Therefore a crop that matures in 100 days will require approximately 1000mm of water while a crop that matures in 150 days will require 50% more.

What is crop water requirement with example?

4). The water need of a crop thus consists of transpiration plus evaporation. Therefore, the crop water need is also called "evapotranspiration"....2.4 DETERMINATION OF CROP WATER NEEDS.CropCrop water need (mm/total growing period)Rice (paddy)450-700Sorghum/Millet450-650Soybean450-700Sugarbeet550-75017 more rows

Which method is used for estimation of water requirement of crop?

The higher transpiration, the less the requirement for water of the crop. By the way transpiration is evapotranspiration minus evaporation. So measure evapotranspiration and evaporation and you got a grip on crop water requirement.

What is difference between water requirement and irrigation requirement?

Intake Rate or Infiltration Velocity: It is the rate of water entry into the soil expressed as a depth of water per unit area applicable or divergence of flow in the soil. Irrigation Requirement: It refers to the quantity of water, exclusive of precipitation, required for crop production.

What plants consume the most water?

The Best Water-Absorbing Plants and FlowersDaylily.Purple Coneflower.Bee balm.Globeflower.Golden club.Japanese iris.Primrose.

What is water intensive crop?

Certain crops like sugarcane and rice are known as water intensive crops as they require a huge amount of water for their growth and good yield. However, the water requirement of rice is much higher than that of sugarcane.

Which is the highest water intensive crops grown in India?

Rice, wheat and sugarcane constitute about 90% of India's crop production and these are the most water consuming crops. Rice, which is an important export crop, consumes as much as 3,500 liters of water for a kilogram of grain produced.

Which crop uses the least water?

Option a is correct. Sugarcane is the least water efficient crop. Among the given options, its water requirement is 1800-2200 mm/season which is highest.

How to determine crop water requirements?

At the plot level, crop water requirements are usually determined based on the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and Kc tabulated by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) for different growing conditions ( Allen et al., 1998 ). Kc can also be determined by lysimetry for either weighing or drainage ( Durán et al., 2011; Lorite et al., 2012; García et al., 2015 ). This methodology is ideal for woody crops, as it is heavily influenced by local microclimate, the soil type, and the phenological stage, which allow the calculation of specific Kc for each of the different situations considered and therefore indicate the crop water needs during their development cycle.

How much irrigation water is needed for a crop?

The amount of irrigation water needed by a crop is roughly the difference between CWR and precipitation on a weekly or monthly basis.

What is CWR in agriculture?

Crop water requirements(CWR) are defined as the depth of water (millimeters) needed to meet the water consumed through evapotranspiration (ETc) by a disease-free crop, growing in large fields under nonrestricting soil conditions, including soil water and fertility, and achieving full production potential under the given growing environment.

What is the average kernel yield of Girona?

Girona (2006): Values derived for mature trees with average kernel yield of 1.8 t ha−1, irrigated with microsprinklers and with an unattended ground cover crop during the summer season. Method of ETc calculation: soil–water balance.

How much water is needed for corn?

Crop water requirements are a function of crop characteristics, management, and environmental demands. About 600–650 mm of water was required for a complete corn growing season at Colby, KS ( Lamm et al., 2009 ). For maximum productivity, depending on hybrid maturity type and environment, about 450–650 mm of water was suggested for sorghum ( Assefa et al., 2010; Lemaire and Hébert, 1996 ). The maximum yield of sorghum reported for different locations in Texas was achieved with evapotranspiration from 535 to 628 mm ( Tolk and Howell, 2008 ). In another independent study in Texas, seasonal evapotranspiration recorded for maximum irrigated corn yield was 667–789 mm ( Musick and Dusek, 1980 ). A comparative study of water use by three crops reported by Howell et al. (1994) summarizes an average of 578 and 771 mm ET for sorghum and corn, respectively. These research results show a relatively greater water use for corn than sorghum for maximum productivity.

How does drought affect rice yield?

In addition, drought risk reduces productivity even during favorable years in drought-prone areas because farmers avoid investing in inputs when they fear crop loss ( Pandey et al., 2007 ). This partly explains why the average rice yield in predominantly rainfed eastern India during “normal” years varies between 2.0 and 2.5 t ha − 1, far below yield in irrigated areas.

How did the 2002 drought affect India?

The 2002 drought in India could be described typically as a catastrophic event, as it affected 55% of the country's area and 300 million people. Rice production declined by 20% from the trend values ( Pandey et al., 2007 ). Similarly, the 2004 drought in Thailand affected more than 8 million people in almost all provinces. Severe droughts generally result in starvation and impoverishment of the affected population, resulting in production losses during years of complete crop failure, with dramatic socioeconomic consequences for human populations (Pandey and Bhandari, 2009).

How much water is needed for a crop?

Every time, the water depth required by the crop varies from 5 to 10cm which again varies with the type of crop. The rotation period can also vary in the range of 6 to 15 days depending on the type of crop. Hence, the total depth of water required during the crop period represents the total quantity of water required for its complete nourishment.

How does water requirement differ with crops?

The water requirement varies from one crop to another and also with the agriculture land. Hence, water requirement differs with crops and the same crop demands different water requirement for different places of cultivation. Every crop planted demands a certain amount of water at certain intervals of time throughout their growth period.

What is the time period from the sowing of the crop to the instant of its harvesting called?

The time period from the sowing of the crop to the instant of its harvesting is called a crop period.

Why do crops need irrigation?

Every crop planted demands a certain amount of water at certain intervals of time throughout their growth period. If this demand is met by the rainfall at a sufficient amount, then there is no requirement of irrigation water. If not, irrigation is necessary to meet the demands of the crops. Crops require sufficient water at their required time in order to nourish and yield properly.

How long does it take to read Delta and Duty of Water?

Water Requirement of Crops – Delta and Duty of Water. Reading time: 3 minutes. The water requirement of the crop is defined as the total quantity and the mode of water required for a crop from the time it is sown to the time it is harvested. The water requirement varies from one crop to another and also with the agriculture land.

What is delta in agriculture?

Delta. It is defined as the total depth of water required by a particular crop to attain its maturity condition. It is represented by delta in cm. Every crop requires a certain amount of water at certain intervals throughout its period of growth.

Is the crop period greater than the base period?

Mostly, the crop period is greater than the base period. Practically, both terms are considered same and are expressed in days. In the calculation of water requirements of crops, the crop period, base period and the growth period are considered same and represented by ‘B’ in days.

What is the total amount of water required by a crop to grow?

The total quantity of water required by the crop for its full growth may be expressed in hectaremetre (Acreft) or in million cubic metres (million cubicft) or simply as depth to which water would stand on the irrigated area if the total quantity supplied were to stand above the surface without percolation or evaporation. This total depth of water (in cm) required by a crop to come to maturity is called its delta (�').

How long does it take to get water for a crop?

Assuming the base period to be representing the crop period, as per usual practice, we can easily infer that the water is required at an average interval of 28 days up to a total period of 140

How much water does a Delta crop need?

Delta: Each crop requires a certain amount of water after a certain fixed interval of time, throughout its period of growth. The depth of water required every time , generally varies from 5 to 10 cm depending upon the type of the crop . If this depth of water is required five times during the base period, then the total water required by the crop for its full growth, will be 5 multiplied by each time depth. The final figure will represent the total quantity of water required by the crop for its fullfledged nourishment.

Why is it important to know the total available water at the head of a canal?

Knowing the total available water at the head of a main canal, and the overall duty for all the crops required to be irrigated in different seasons of the year, the area which can be irrigated can be worked out. Inversely, if we know the corps area required to be irrigated and their duties, we can work out the discharge required for designing the channel.

What is the delta of a crop?

This total depth of water (in cm) required by a crop to come to maturity is called its delta (�'). Example: If rice requires about 10cm depth of water at an average interval of about 10 days, and the crop period for rice is 120 days, find out the delta for rice.

What is the time period between the first watering of a crop and its last watering before harvesting?

The time between the first watering of a crop at the time of its sowing to its last watering before harvesting is called the base period or the base of the crop. Crop period is slightly more than the base period, but for all practical purposes, they are taken as one and the same thing, and generally expressed in days. Hence, in future, the terms like growth period, crop period, base period etc., will be used as synonyms, each representing crop period, and will be represented crop period, and will be represented by B (in days).

How many days is water required?

Water is required at an interval of 10 days for a period of 120 days. It evidently means that 12 no. of waterings are required, and each time, 10 cm depth of water is required. Therefore, total depth of water required. = 12 x10 cm = 120 cm.

What is the water requirement of a crop?

Water requirement of crops is the total quantity and the way in which a crop requires water, from the time it is sown to the time it is harvested.The water is the essential constituent for plant growth.Vary with the crop as well as with the place .

How much water does a crop need?

Each crop requires a certain amount of water after a certain fixed interval of time, throughout its period of growth. Depth of water required every time, generally varies from 5 to 10 cm depending on the type of crop.If the depth of water is required five times during the base period, then the total water required by the crop for its full growth , ...

What is the total depth of water required by a crop to come maturity called?

The total depth of water (in cm) required by a crop to come maturity is called its delta (Δ )

What is the base period of a crop?

Base period or Base of the crop. The time between the first watering of a crop at the time of its sowing to its last watering before harvesting.Crop period is slightly more than the base period.All practical purposes, they are taken as one and the same thing, and generally expressed in days.It is represented by B.

Do different crops have different water requirements?

Different crops will have different water requirements,& same crop may have different water requirements at different places of the same country.There are different sources of water .The movement of water in the environment depends upon hydrologic cycle. Depend on.

What are the water requirements of crops?

Water Requirements of Crop. 2. Functions of Irrigation Water Soil furnishes the following for the plant life: 1. To supply water partially or totally for crop need 2. To cool both the soil and the plant 3.

What is duty of water?

Duty of Water The duty of water is the relationship between the volume of water and the area of the crop it matures . This volume of water is generally expressed as, “a unit discharge flowing for a time equal to the base period of the crop, called Base of a duty”.

What is the time factor of a canal?

Time factor The time factor of a canal is the ratio of the number of days the canal has actually run to the number of days of irrigation period. For example, if the number of days of irrigation period = 12, and the canal has actually run for 5 days, the time factor will be 5/12.

What is the Kor depth and Kor period?

Kor depth and kor period The distribution of water during the base period is not uniform, since crops require maximum water during first watering after the crops have grown a few centimeters. During the subsequent watering the quantity of water needed by crops gradually decreases and is least when crop gains maturity.