In addition to hereditary patterns producing extra or missing teeth, physical disruption of the dental lamina, overactive dental lamina, and failure of dental lamina induction by ectomesenchyme are several examples of etiologic factors that affect tooth number. 1 Hyperdontia
What are the different types of abnormalities of teeth?
1 Abnormalities of the Teeth. 2 Enamel hypoplasia Enamel hypocalcification. 3 Enamel hypoplasia Enamel hypoplasia. 4 Fluorosis Postdevelopmental tooth loss. 5 Erosion-Bulemia Internal resorption. 6 ... (more items)
What are dental anomalies?
Avariety of dental anomalies are associated with defects in tooth development precipitated by hereditary, systemic, traumatic, or local factors. Numerous systems have been used to classify dental anomalies, each with merit.
What causes abnormal tooth shape and development?
All anomalies of tooth shape and development can be formed under the influence of negative factors that disturb the development of fetal tissues and organs during pregnancy. These include: Tobacco smoke, etc. Macrodentia is characterized by an increase in the size of the teeth – a large crown and a tapering root.
What are the most common missing teeth syndromes?
(Nature Genetics 24;18-19 2000 Jan , also European Journal of Oral Sciences 106; 38-43 1998) The best known of the missing teeth syndromes is X-linked hypohidrotic ectoder- mal dysplasia. Ectodermal derivatives such as hair, sweat glands, nails and teeth are involved.
What are tooth anomalies?
An anomaly is defined as something that is noticeably different or that deviates from the ordinary or normal. Dental anomalies are deviations of dental tissue origin and therefore are derived from the dental tissues enamel, dentin, or cementum. Anomalies can be extreme variations or just slight deviations.
What are five anomalies that affect the shape of teeth?
Anomalies of shape include dens invaginatus (DI), talon cusp, dens evaginatus, gemination, fusion, root dilacerations, taurodontism, and concrescence. DI is an anomaly resulting from invagination in the surface of a tooth crown or rarely the root and which is lined by enamel and dentin.
What is the most common dental anomaly?
Most common anomaly was rotation of teeth (18.80%), followed by hypodontia (10.90%), and least occurring was gemination, fusion, talon's cusp, and dilacerations. 31.4% showed one dental anomaly, whereas 11.9% exhibited two or more dental anomalies.
Why do you think we need to know about the different anomalies that affect teeth?
Dental anomalies' incidence and degree of expression in different population groups can provide important information for phylogenic and genetic studies, allowing us to understand variations within and between the different populations [4].
Which are all abnormalities of teeth?
CONTENTS. ... Supernumerary Teeth. ... Hyperdontia and Cleidocranial dysplasia. ... Hypodontia and Oligodontia. ... Taurodontism. ... Fusion, Gemination, Dilacertion & Concrescence. ... Hypercementosis, screwdriver incisors and mulberry molars: ... Macrodontia, Dens in Dente, and Enamelomas.More items...
What can cause dental anomalies?
Dental anomalies are caused by complex multifactorial interactions between genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors during the long process of dental development. [16] It explains this phenomenon, as different races carried different genetic coding.
What is the most common dental diseases in children?
Dental caries, pulpal and periapical lesions, dental trauma, abnormality of development, and oral habits are most common dental diseases in children that strongly relate to malocclusion.
What are the causes of enamel hypoplasia?
What Causes Enamel Hypoplasia in Children?Premature birth.Low birth weight.Malnutrition, including vitamin D deficiency rickets.Hypoparathyroidism.Diabetes.Gestational diabetes in the child's mother.Viral and bacterial infections, including congenital syphilis.Inflammation.More items...•
What is the most common oral disease in children?
Cavities (also known as caries or tooth decay) are one of the most common chronic diseases of childhood in the United States.
Do you get your teeth from your dad?
Almost every aspect of your oral health is affected to a degree by your genes; the size and shape of your mouth, and bone structure is inherited. Crooked teeth are usually passed down from generation to generation, but the bad oral care habits of previous generations do not cause you to have bad teeth.
What is a developmental anomaly?
A developmental anomaly is a broad term used to define conditions which are present at conception or occur before the end of pregnancy. In the case of cerebral palsy, a small number also occur after birth. An anomaly is considered as a departure from normal development.
What is a dental congenital anomaly?
Congenital Dental Anomalies. Congenital Anomalies are a broad category of health conditions that are present at birth and is a deviation from normal anatomic growth, development, or function. The congenital anomaly may have developed in utero or may have genetic origins. Ectodermal Dysplasia. Cleidocranial Dysplasia.
What causes Hutchinson's teeth?
Hutchinson teeth is a sign of congenital syphilis, which occurs when a pregnant mother transmits syphilis to her child in utero or at birth. The condition is noticeable when a child's permanent teeth come in. The incisors and molars take on a triangular or peglike appearance.
What are developmental abnormalities?
A developmental anomaly is a broad term for conditions which are present at conception or occur before the end of pregnancy. In the case of cerebral palsy, a small number also occur after birth. An anomaly is considered a change from normal development and can affect: structure – how the body is built.
What are the causes of enamel hypoplasia?
What Causes Enamel Hypoplasia in Children?Premature birth.Low birth weight.Malnutrition, including vitamin D deficiency rickets.Hypoparathyroidism.Diabetes.Gestational diabetes in the child's mother.Viral and bacterial infections, including congenital syphilis.Inflammation.More items...•
What causes Gemination teeth?
[9] The etiology of geminated teeth remains unknown, but nutritional deficiency, endocrine influences, and infectious/inflammatory processes, excessive ingestion of medicines, hereditary or congenital diseases, and local traumas and by ionizing radiation is also considered.
What are the anomalies of shape and size of teeth?
Anomalies of shape and size of teeth are variants of the development of teeth and the dental system, deviating from the norm.
How to diagnose anomalies of the size of the teeth?
According to this method, the pathology is identified by measuring and summing the width of the four upper and lower incisors:
Why do teeth fusion occur?
Some authors believe that the fusion of teeth is due to the tight fit of dental rudiments during the formation of dental tissues. Others attribute the appearance of this anomaly to the impact on the rudiments of a severe infection suffered in childhood.
What is bull's tooth?
Taurodontism (bull’s tooth) refers to an abnormality of the tooth shape. It manifests as an enlarged pulp chamber, the “core” of the tooth, consisting of connective tissue, nerves, blood and lymph vessels. The base of the pulp is shifted closer to the apex of the tooth, there is no narrowing at the level of the cemento-enamel junction.
How to prevent dental anomalies?
Prevention of dental anomalies is to lead a healthy lifestyle and eliminate the negative effects of external factors (drugs, food additives, viruses, industrial poisons, alcohol, tobacco smoke, etc.) during pregnancy.
How old do you have to be to have taurodontism?
Taurodontism can occur at any age, but is more common in patients 13-19 years old. As a rule, the anomaly does not manifest itself before this age, since the roots of permanent masticatory teeth are formed before the age of 13.
What is the prevalence of microdentia?
Microdentia is characterized by the reduction of one or all teeth. According to epidemiological studies, the prevalence of the anomaly ranges from 1.5% to 2% and is more common in women than in men. Teeth with this pathology usually have a cone shape.
What is the term for a lack of teeth caused by hereditary factors?
occurs in initiation state (no buds/ extra buds in lamina) Anodontia. lack of teeth. Total Anodontia. A rare sex linked genetic ectodermal defect that results in no teeth, usually accompanied by defects in hair, sweat glands, etc. Partial Anodontia. 1 - a few missing teeth, caused by hereditary factors.
Which type of odontoma does not resemble a tooth?
3. Complex Odontoma - does not resemble a tooth
What is a white tooth that is resistant to caries?
b. Fluorosis - chalky white teeth, but resistant to caries
Where do enamel organs form?
1. Enamel organ invaginates and tooth forms in pulp chamber
Which stage of morphodifferentiation affects only shape and size?
4. Morphodifferentiation - During Bud, Cap and Bell stages - affects only shape and size
Why are my teeth abnormal?
The etiology of tooth abnormalities is either related to genetics or environmental factors. Ameloblasts, the cells responsible for laying down enamel, are extremely sensitive to external stimuli, 1 so alterations in tooth structure can result if these cells are damaged during enamel formation.
What is the absence of teeth called?
The number of teeth that develop in the mouth can vary. A total absence of tooth development is a rare phenomenon called anodontia. Partial anodontia or hypodontia refers to the lack of one or several teeth. Hyperdontia denotes an increased number of teeth, which are called supernumerary teeth.
What are the symptoms of a large skull?
Patients exhibit large skulls and hypoplastic clavicles. Related dental abnormalities include cleft palate, retention of primary teeth, and a delay or failure of permanent teeth to erupt. 1 The presence of numerous supernumerary teeth, which often remain unerupted, is another symptom.
What are the findings of cleidocranial dysplasia?
Other findings include tumors of the skin and dental abnormalities, such as odontomas and impacted teeth. 1 Cleidocranial dysplasia is a disorder of bone that results in bony defects affecting the skull and clavicle. Patients exhibit large skulls and hypoplastic clavicles.
What is the term for a tooth that fails to separate?
Gemination occurs when a tooth germ attempts to separate but fails. In the incisal area, there is often a notch marking where the tooth attempted separation. 2,3 Gemination is seen in both deciduous and permanent teeth, and is most common in the anterior and maxillary regions (Figure 2). 1,4. FIGURE 2.
How many genes affect the development of teeth?
The development of teeth is strongly controlled by genetics, with more than 200 genes affecting it. 1 Anodontia, hypodontia, and hyperdontia are common manifestations of a variety of syndromes but are also encountered in healthy patients.
What does it mean when you have two teeth?
A double-appearing tooth can represent either fusion or gemination. Diagnosis can be difficult because both conditions result in one large tooth. Fusion and gemination are more commonly seen in the anterior segments, especially incisors and canines. 1,2 Proper diagnosis requires the counting of the total number of teeth.
What is the term for the dissolution of tooth structure?
EROSION: The chemical dissolution of tooth structure often attributed to regurgita- tion of gastric acid, excessive intake of acidic food or drink, (eg, two liters of cola/day for years) Sometimes a cause cannot be identified, it is idiopathic.
What is a supernumerary tooth?
Supernumerary Teeth. Slide #1 is an example of an extra incisor. When located in the midline between the two permanent central incisors, they are referred to as mesiodens. Slide #2 depicts an extra molar tooth (a paramolar) and Slide #3 is an example of a super- numerary bicuspid tooth.
What is segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia?
SOD is illustrated in Slides # 61 and #62, the patients are age 13 and 4 respectively. The right maxilla is involved in both cases. Unlike regional odontodysplasia which involves only teeth, segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia involves teeth and bone. The segment of the jaw that is involved is expanded due to enlargement of the bone and hyperplasia of overlying gingiva. Teeth in the involved are malformed and some may be congenitally missing. The condition is not progressive, i.e. it has a limited growth potential. Radiographs show increased density of the affect bone with a granular pattern, the maxillary sinus may be smaller than normal. Those who are not familiar with this condition may interpret the enlarged bone to be evi- dence of a tumor or fibrous dysplasia of bone, both of which are progressive diseases.
What is the name of the opalescent dentin?
Dentinogenesis Imperfecta (DI), also known as opalescent dentin)
What is the difference between abrasion and attrition?
ABRASION: Wear beyond normal caused by mechanical forces. This sounds like pathologic attrition but the difference is the pattern of wear. Attrition is ordinarily confined to the occlusal and incisal surfaces. Abrasion is ordinarily used when the loss is on a non-occluding surface.
What is the term for the joining of two adjacent tooth germs to form a single large tooth?
Fusion, the joining of two adjacent tooth germs to form a single large tooth is seen in Slide #15. Notice the lateral incisor is missing, it fused with the central incison.
Is it rare to have missing teeth?
Congenitally missing teeth (hypodontia and oligodontia) are not rare. Generations of dental students have learned about ectodermal dysplasia, the best know of the “missing teeth” syndromes. With the discovery of the Pax 9 gene, some light has been shed on the molecular genetics of congenitally missing teeth.
Definition of The Disease
Subtypes of Anomalies and Causes of Their Development
- All anomalies of tooth shape and development can be formed under the influence of negative factors that disturb the development of fetal tissues and organs during pregnancy. These include: 1. medications; 2. food additives; 3. viruses; 4. Industrial poisons; 5. alcohol; 6. Tobacco smoke, etc. Macrodentia is characterized by an increase in the size of the teeth – a large crown and a ta…
Pathogenesis of Tooth Shape and Size Anomalies
- The causes and mechanism of isolated macrodentia, in which only one or a few teeth are enlarged, are not known. Generalized macrodentia, affecting all teeth of the same jaw, is usually associated with systemic disorders or syndromes, such as insulin-resistant diabetes (type 2 diabetes), pituitary giantism, Costen syndrome, facial hemihyperplasia, KBG syndrome, Ekman-…
Complications of Tooth Shape and Size Anomalies
- Because of the discrepancy between the size of the teeth and the shape of the jaw, microdentia and macrodentia lead to a variety of dental anomalies: the formation of gaps between the teeth (diastems and treble), crowding, misalignment, rotation of the teeth around their axis and bite problems. Dental evagination is complicated by pathological eras...
Diagnosis of Anomalies of Shape and Size of Teeth
- To diagnose anomalies of the size of the teeth often used a technique developed by Doctor of Medicine Zubkova L.P. According to this method, the pathology is identified by measuring and summing the width of the four upper and lower incisors: 1. with normal tooth size, the width of the upper incisors will be 28-32 mm, and the width of the lower incisors will be 22-24 mm; 2. with rel…
Treatment of Anomalies of Shape and Size of Teeth
- Treatment of macrodentistry consists of aesthetic rehabilitation with restorations or prosthetic manipulations: preparing the teeth, covering them with veneers or crowns. With microdentia, orthodontic treatment and comprehensive rehabilitation are possible. Orthodontic treatment includes moving teeth and closing gaps, as well as creating the necessary space in the tooth ro…
prognosis. Prevention
- Prevention of dental anomalies is to lead a healthy lifestyle and eliminate the negative effects of external factors (drugs, food additives, viruses, industrial poisons, alcohol, tobacco smoke, etc.) during pregnancy. Medical methods of prevention include genetic counseling and ultrasound diagnosis (USG). Genetic counseling is mandatory if relatives, parents or older children have birt…