Tone Marks
- Unmarked. An unmarked tone ( ngang) has no accent. Its pitch ranges from mid to high-mid.
- Acute. An acute ( dấu sắc) is a forward-slash accent placed on vowels: á, é, í, ó, ú, and ý. An acute, which starts from...
- Grave. A grave ( dấu huyền) is a backward-slash accent placed on vowels: à, è, ì, ò, ù, and ỳ. A grave, which starts...
What are tone marks in English grammar?
In writing, one tone is represented as unmarked (a), four are indicated with diacritics marked on a vowel (á, à, ả, and ã), and one is marked with a dot under a vowel (ạ). Let’s break down these individual tone marks. An unmarked tone (ngang) has no accent. Its pitch ranges from mid to high-mid.
What is the tone of the text?
The tone used in writing refers to the feelings it invokes in the reader. A written piece might have a positive or uplifting tone, or the tone might feel sad or tense. When you write, your mood at that time might have an impact on the overall tone of your piece.
What are the tone marks in Vietnamese?
Tone Marks. Vietnamese is a tonal language. Accents or diacritical marks are used to denote six distinctive tones. In writing, one tone is represented as unmarked ( a ), four are indicated with diacritics marked on a vowel ( á, à, ả, and ã ), and one is marked with a dot under a vowel ( ạ ). Let’s break down these individual tone marks.
What are the different types of tonal marks?
Most of the tonal marks in languages usually come in the form of diacritics, like the Vietnamese tonal marks, which use five diacritics, including a grave accent (À), an acute accent (Á), a tilde (Ã), a hook above the letter (Ả), and a dot below the vowel (Ạ), and the flat accent without a diacritic.
What are tone markers?
Tone-mark definition (linguistics) A symbol used to indicate tones in tonal languages.
What are tone marks in Chinese?
There are four tones in Mandarin Chinese, which are: First tone: a level and higher pitch. Second tone: rising, start from a lower pitch and end at a slightly higher pitch. Third tone: falling rising, start at a neutral tone then dip to a lower pitch before ending at a higher pitch.
How do you apply tone marks?
Tone Marks (1) Syllables with one vowel letter: The tone mark is always on the vowel letter. (2) Syllables with two or three vowel letters: (i) If the first vowel letter is a medial, namely, "i", "u", or "ü", the tone mark is on the vowel letter immediately following the medial.
Where do tone marks go?
The tone mark is always placed above a vowel in Pinyin. For syllables with two or three vowel letters, the vowel listed earliest in the sequence a o e i u ü gets the tone mark.
How do you read Chinese tone marks?
If there is only one vowel, it takes the tone mark. If there is more than one vowel, then the vowels {a}, {e}, or {o} take the mark....Learn to Read Chinese: Tones.ToneChinese ExampleNote1mā 妈 (mom)begins high and stays high2má 麻 (hemp)begins at mid-range and ends high3mǎ 马 (horse)begins mid-range, dips low, ends mid-range2 more rows•Jul 1, 2020
How do I type Pinyin with tone marks?
3:175:09How to Type Pīnyīn (with TONES!! ā á ǎ à) - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipAnd what you have to do is you have to type in english first to get like the consonant. And then ifMoreAnd what you have to do is you have to type in english first to get like the consonant. And then if you need the vowel with tone mark you just swap to the chinese keyboard. And then get your tone.
How do I get the key in Hanyu Pinyin?
0:593:12How to Use the Pinyin Keyboard on Windows 10 - Typing in ChineseYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipAnd just press 1 or you can also click on it with your mouse. And. Now you have Hanyu knowing how toMoreAnd just press 1 or you can also click on it with your mouse. And. Now you have Hanyu knowing how to spell things in pinyin is incredibly.
How often is the tone mark placed above a vowel?
The general rule to remember is that tone marks are always put above the vowels. If there are two or more vowels in the Pinyin, you should place the tone mark in the order of "a, o, e, i, u, ü". For example, for the Pinyin "gao", put the tone mark on "a" because it comes before "o".
How do I type Pinyin on my phone?
0:002:57How to Use the Pinyin Keyboard on Android - Typing in ChineseYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipYou just bring up the keyboard. And then click on the globe in the bottom left and now you can seeMoreYou just bring up the keyboard. And then click on the globe in the bottom left and now you can see you have the option to change it to Chinese pinyin.
How many tones does Pinyin have?
four tonesIn Chinese, there are four tones. These tones indicate the direction and pitch of your voice as you say a syllable. So the syllables can present more sounds. Still take mā as an example.
How do Chinese tones work?
Mandarin is a tonal language, which means the pitch or intonation in which a sound is spoken affects the meaning. For example, if you say tāng with a high tone it means 'soup', but táng with a rising tone means 'sugar'. In Mandarin Chinese, there are four basic pitched tones and a fifth neutral (toneless) tone.
How do you write Hanyu Pinyin in Word?
This is a step-by-step tutorial on how to add Pinyin in Microsoft word....Add Pinyin to Text in Microsoft WordFrom the top menu, click on Word. Then select Preferences.Click on East Asian Languages.Select Simplified Chinese. The Pinyin option does not work without first changing your language to Simplified Chinese.
What are the six tones in Vietnamese?
Accents are used to denote six distinctive tones: “level” ( ngang ), “acute-angry” ( sắc ), “grave-lowering” ( huyền ), “smooth-rising” hỏi, “chesty-raised” ( ngã ), and “chesty-heavy” ( nặng ). 1 In writing, one tone is represented as unmarked ( a ), four are indicated with diacritics marked on a vowel ( á, à, ả, and ã ), and one is marked with a dot under a vowel ( ạ ). Let’s break down these individual tone marks.
What is an acute accent?
An acute ( dấu sắc) is a forward-slash accent placed on vowels: á, é, í, ó, ú, and ý. An acute, which starts from a narrow bottom and ends with a wide top, denotes a high rising pitch. It should rise slightly toward the right of the base character ( á) without falling off. When combined, it must be positioned clearly from another mark ( ắ, ấ, ế, ố, ớ, or ứ ).
What does tilde mean?
A tilde ( dấu ngã) is an accent placed on vowels: ã, ẽ, ĩ, õ, ũ, or ỹ. It denotes a high rising pitch. When combined, it must be positioned clearly from another mark ( ẵ, ẫ, ễ, ỗ, ỡ, or ữ ).
What does "hook above" mean?
A hook above ( dấu hỏi) is a tone mark that resembles a dotless question mark placed on vowels: ả, ẻ, ỉ, ỏ, ủ, and ỷ. It denotes a mid-low dropping pitch. When combined, it must be positioned clearly from another mark ( ẳ, ẩ, ể, ổ, ở, or ử ).
What is the tone mark in Chinese?
The Chinese tone marks are always above a letter . There will NOT be a tone mark above the consonant. “a” or “e” always gets the tone mark. (There is no Hanyu Pinyin that contains both a and e) If you see “ou” or “uo,” then “o” gets the mark. The final vowel gets the tone mark in all other cases.
Where do the Chinese tone marks go?
For instants, you are learning the word “回,” which means return. Its pinyin is “huai” with the second tone. Then which the following one is correct?
How to change third tone in a row?
If you see two “third tones” in a row, simply change the pronunciation of the first one to “second tone.”
What is the meaning of the word "mark"?
Also called diacrit′ical mark′. a mark, point, or sign, as a cedilla, tilde, circumflex, or macron, added or attached to a letter, as to distinguish it from another of similar form, to give it a particular phonetic value, or to indicate stress.
What is a diacritic mark?
A diacritic (or diacritical mark) is a mark added to a letter, usually to indicate a specific pronunciation of that letter.
What does the accent on a letter mean?
A mark, such as the cedilla of façade or the acute accent of résumé, added to a letter to indicate a special phonetic value or distinguish words that are otherwise graphically identical.
Why do we use tone letters?
The International Phonetic Association suggests using the tone letters to represent phonemic contrasts. For example, if a language has a single falling tone, then it should be transcribed as /˥˩/, even if this tone does not fall across the entire pitch range.
How to map tone levels?
A linear approach is to map the tone levels directly to fundamental frequency (f 0 ), by subtracting the tone with lowest f 0 from the tone with highest f 0, and dividing this space into four equal f 0 intervals. Tone letters are then chosen based on the f 0 tone contours over this region. This linear approach is systematic, but it does not always align the beginning and end of each tone with the proposed tone levels. Chao's earlier description of the tone levels is an exponential approach. Chao proposed five tone levels, where each level is spaced two semitones apart. A later description provides only one semitone between levels 1 and 2, and three semitones between levels 2 and 3. This updated description may be a language-specific division of the tone space.
What is a long tone letter?
Tone letters are letters that represent the tones of a language, most commonly in languages with contour tones .
What does the reversed Chao tone mean?
Reversed Chao tone letters indicate tone sandhi, with the right-stem letters on the left for the underlying tone, and left-stem ('reversed') letters on the right for the surface tone. For example, the Mandarin phrase nǐ /ni˨˩˦/ + hǎo /xaʊ˨˩˦/ > ní hǎo /ni˧˥xaʊ˨˩˦/ is transcribed:
Why do transcribers use reversed tone letters?
Some transcribers use reversed tone letters to show that they apply to the following rather than the preceding syllable. For example, Kyoto Japanese ame 'rain' may be transcribed, ꜖a꜒꜔me. rather than a˩me˥˧. Reversed tone letters were adopted by the IPA in 1989, though they do not appear in the space-limited IPA chart.
When are Chao tone letters written?
Chao tone letters are sometimes written before the syllable, in accordance with writing stress and downstep before the syllable, and as had been done with the unstaffed letters in the IPA before 1989. For example, the following passage transcribes the prosody of European Portuguese using tone letters alongside stress, upstep, and downstep in the same position before the syllable:
How many historical tone categories are there in Chinese?
Besides phonemic tone systems, Chinese is commonly transcribed with four to eight historical tone categories. A mark is placed at a corner of a syllable for its category. yin tones: ꜀píng, ꜂shǎng, qù꜄, ruʔ꜆. yang tones: ꜁píng, ꜃shǎng, qù꜅, ruʔ꜇.
Why do people use tone indicators?
These people use and like tone indicators because they want to help others have better experiences online.
What does /j mean in tone?
In recent weeks, several users have posted lists containing dozens of tone indicators ranging from “/j = joking ” to “/lh = lighthearted” and “/nsx = nonsexual intent.”
What is a dot inside a squiggle?
In 2010, a company in Michigan called Sarcasm, Inc. released the “SarcMark,” essentially a dot inside of a squiggle. It was marketed as “the official, easy-to-use punctuation mark to emphasize a sarcastic phrase.” Initially sold as a font download for $1.99, it’s now available for free as a sticker pack for iMessage.
Who proposed that ironic statements could be indicated with an inverted exclamation mark?
A century later, in his 1668 work “An Essay Towards a Real Character, and a Philosophical Language,” the Anglican clergyman and philosopher John Wilkins proposed that ironic statements could be indicated with an inverted exclamation mark.
Can tone indicators deflate humor?
They are not subtle and can deflate humor. (Picture a comedian declaring to an audience “I am joking” after saying something outrageous.) But what tone indicators lack in artfulness, they make up for in their bulletproof inability to be misinterpreted. In complicated conversations, that goes a long way.
Overview
Phonetic notation
There are several approaches to notating tones in the description of a language. A fundamental difference is between phonemic and phonetic transcription.
A phonemic notation will typically lack any consideration of the actual phonetic values of the tones. Such notations are especially common when comparing dialects with wildly different phonetic realizations of what are historically the same set of tones. In Chinese, for example, the "four …
Mechanics
Most languages use pitch as intonation to convey prosody and pragmatics, but this does not make them tonal languages. In tonal languages, each syllable has an inherent pitch contour, and thus minimal pairs (or larger minimal sets) exist between syllables with the same segmental features (consonants and vowels) but different tones. Vietnamese by far has the most heavily studied tone syste…
Types
In many Bantu languages, tones are distinguished by their pitch level relative to each other. In multisyllable words, a single tone may be carried by the entire word rather than a different tone on each syllable. Often, grammatical information, such as past versus present, "I" versus "you", or positive versus negative, is conveyed solely by tone.
In the most widely spoken tonal language, Mandarin Chinese, tones are distinguished by their dis…
Tonal change
Tones are realized as pitch only in a relative sense. "High tone" and "low tone" are only meaningful relative to the speaker's vocal range and in comparing one syllable to the next, rather than as a contrast of absolute pitch such as one finds in music. As a result, when one combines tone with sentence prosody, the absolute pitch of a high tone at the end of a prosodic unit may be lower than that of a low tone at the beginning of the unit, because of the universal tendency (in both tonal a…
Uses of tone
In East Asia, tone is typically lexical. That is, tone is used to distinguish words which would otherwise be homonyms. This is characteristic of heavily tonal languages such as Chinese, Vietnamese, Thai, and Hmong.
However, in many African languages, especially in the Niger–Congo family, tone can be both lexical and grammatical. In the Kru languages, a combination of these patterns is found: nouns tend to …
Origin and development
André-Georges Haudricourt established that Vietnamese tone originated in earlier consonantal contrasts and suggested similar mechanisms for Chinese. It is now widely held that Old Chinese did not have phonemically contrastive tone. The historical origin of tone is called tonogenesis, a term coined by James Matisoff.
Tone is sometimes an areal rather than a phylogenetic feature. That is to say, a language may acq…
List of tonal languages
Most languages of Sub-Saharan Africa are members of the Niger-Congo family, which is predominantly tonal; notable exceptions are Swahili (in the southeast), most languages spoken in the Senegambia (among them Wolof, Serer and Cangin languages), and Fulani. The Afroasiatic languages include both tonal (Chadic, Omotic) and nontonal (Semitic, Berber, Egyptian, and most Cushitic) branches. All three Khoisan language families—Khoe, Kx'a and Tuu—are tonal. All langua…