Harmful chemicals that could be used in an attack include:
- Chemical weapons (warfare agents) developed for military use.
- Toxic industrial and commercial chemicals that are produced, transported, and stored in the making of petroleum, textiles, plastics, fertilizers, paper, foods, pesticides, household cleaners, and other products.
- Chemical toxins of biological origin such as ricin.
What are three examples of Toxic Industrial Chemicals TIC?
- Chemical Agents List (A-Z). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
- International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs): International Programme on Chemical Safety. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
- Hazardous Substance Fact Sheets. New Jersey State Department of Health and Senior Services.
What does toxic industrial chemical mean?
toxic industrial chemical. A chemical developed or manufactured for use in industrial operations or research by industry, government, or academia. For example: pesticides, petrochemicals, fertilizers, corrosives, poisons, etc. These chemicals are not primarily manufactured for the specific purpose of producing human casualties or rendering equipment, facilities, or areas dangerous for human use.
What are some examples of toxic chemicals?
These include:
- Pain medicine (over the counter or prescription)
- Sedative and antipsychotic drugs
- Antidepressants
- Cardiovascular drugs
- Household cleaners (particularly when they are mixed)
- Alcohol (both grain alcohol and types not intended for human consumption)
- Pesticides
- Insect, arachnid, and reptile venom
- Anticonvulsants
- Personal care products
What is the most dangerous chemical?
Varieties of chemical agents developed by the Germans, French, Americans, and British during and after the war included multiple types of tear gas, lung irritants, nerve agents, choking agents, and vesicants, also known as blistering agents (substances that irritate the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes, causing large, painful blisters).
What are three examples of toxic industrial chemicals?
NOTE:HighMediumChlorine (CAS# 7782-50-5)Allyl chlorocarbonate (CAS# 2937-50-0)Diborane (CAS# 19287-45-7)Boron tribromide (CAS# 10294-33-4)Ethylene oxide (CAS# 75-21-8)Carbon monoxide (CAS# 630-08-0)Fluorine (CAS# 7782-41-4)Carbonyl sulfide (CAS# 463-58-1)35 more rows
What are toxic chemicals examples?
Common SubstancesFormaldehyde.Mercury.Lead.Asbestos.Hazardous/Toxic Air Pollutants.Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)Pesticide Chemicals. Glyphosate.Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)
What are the industrial chemicals?
Industrial chemicals are those with an industrial use - this covers a broad range of chemicals used in inks, plastics, adhesives, paints, glues, solvents, cosmetics, soaps and many other products. We define industrial use by exclusion.
What is the most common industrial chemical?
Sulfuric acidWhich chemicals are most important for industrial manufacturing on a global scale? Sulfuric acid is the most commonly-produced industrial chemical in the world. Its primary industrial use is to make phosphoric acid which is a main ingredient in most chemical fertilizers.
What are the top 5 toxic chemicals?
Botulinum toxin.Maitotoxin. ... Batrachotoxin. ... VX. The only synthetic compound in our top five, VX is a nerve agent with the consistency of engine oil. ... Ricin. This extremely toxic plant poison was famously used to kill the Bulgarian dissident Georgi Markov, exiled in London. ...
What are the 5 categories of toxic chemicals?
Types. There are generally five types of toxic entities; chemical, biological, physical, radiation and behavioural toxicity: Disease-causing microorganisms and parasites are toxic in a broad sense but are generally called pathogens rather than toxicants.
What are chemicals 5 examples?
26 Chemicals Used In Daily Life, Which Will Change The Way You Look At ThemS:NoCommon name of the ChemicalMolecular Formula and IUPAC name4ToothpasteCalciuym carbonate, sodium flouride5SaltNaCl; Sodium Chloride6VinegarC2H4O2 acetic acid, ethanoic acid7GraphiteCarbon22 more rows•Jul 22, 2021
What are the 4 types of industries?
There are four types of industry, namely primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary. Primary industries involve the activities related to extraction and processing of natural resources, such as agriculture, mining, fishing, etc.
What is heavy chemical industry?
: a chemical produced and handled in large lots (as a ton or more a day) and often in a more or less crude state —used especially of acids (as sulfuric acid), alkalies, and salts (as aluminum sulfate) — compare fine chemical.
What is an industrial chemical reaction?
Industrial Chemical Process Analysis and Design uses chemical engineering principles to explain the transformation of basic raw materials into major chemical products.
What three chemicals currently have the largest worldwide production?
Propylene: 14.3 million tons – plastics, foam cushions, carpets;Sodium Hydroxide: 14.0 million tons – soaps, detergents;Sodium Carbonate: 11 million tons – glass and brick making;Ammonia: 8.0 million tons – nitrogen-containing compounds for fertilizer;More items...•
How many chemicals are used in industry?
For the first time, scientists have created a global inventory that lists more than 350,000 chemicals and mixtures of chemicals registered for commercial production and use, up to three times as many as is commonly estimated (Environ. Sci. Technol. 2020, DOI: 10.1021/acs.
What are 10 common toxic chemicals used at home?
In the garageAntifreeze. Ethylene glycol, the main hazardous ingredient of antifreeze, is extremely poisonous. ... Motor oil. ... Latex paint. ... Oil-based paint. ... Batteries. ... Windshield washer fluid. ... Laundry detergents. ... All-purpose cleaners.More items...•
What are the most toxic chemicals?
The ATSDR 2019 Substance Priority List2019 RankSubstance NameTotal Points1ARSENIC16762LEAD15313MERCURY14584VINYL CHLORIDE1356113 more rows
What are toxic chemicals in the home?
13 Toxic Chemicals Lurking in Your HomeAsbestos. A mineral that is resistant to heat and chemical corrosion and can be mixed with other materials to strengthen them. ... Benzyl benzoate. ... Bisphenol-A (BPA)and Bisphenol-S (BPS) ... DEHP. ... Endocrine disruptors. ... Formaldehyde. ... Lead. ... Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)More items...
What products are toxic?
Toxic Chemicals in ProductsBPA in receipt paper and canned food. ... Hazardous chemicals in cosmetics. ... Pesticides in food. ... Vinyl plastic and phthalates in building materials, schools, hospitals and consumer products. ... Toxic flame retardants in furniture, cars, electronics and baby products.
What are toxic chemicals?
Toxic industrial chemicals (TICs) are created and used by commercial or medical industries that can seriously harm human health if released into the environment. TICs can be in the form of solid, liquid or gas. TICs can be chemical hazards (cancer agents, reproductive hazards or agents that affect the lungs or blood) or physical hazards (flammable, explosive or reactive). Acids, pesticides and solvents are examples of TICs.
Can TICs cause long term health problems?
Short term exposure to certain TICs at high dosages can cause such immediate health effects as: Some exposures can result in delayed or long term health effects. People with existing health problems, children and the elderly are generally more susceptible to the effects of harmful chemicals.
What is a choking agent?
Choking agents are usually true gases in fieldenvironments, and stored and transported asa liquid under pressure. Other less volatilelung damaging materials injury such as thosein smoke or products of combustion maycause toxic inhalational injury following thegeneration of particulate aerosols.Military dispersion of phosgene duringWorld War I followed the explosion of liquidfilled shells with subsequent rapidevaporation and formation of a white clouddue to its slight solubility in an aqueousenvironment. It spontaneously converted to acolourless, low-lying gas four times as denseas air. Because of its relatively low boilingpoint (7.5ºC), phosgene was often mixed withother substances. Chlorine was released frompressurised cylinders to form a pungentgreenish-yellow gas that was heavier than air.
What was the first chemical weapon?
The first chemical warfare agent of themodern era, chlorine, was released withdevastating effect on 22 April 1915 at Ypres,Belgium. Along a 4 mile front, Germansoldiers opened the valves of 1,600 large and4,130 small cylinders containing 168 tons ofchlorine. The gas formed a thick white cloudthat crossed the first allied trenches in lessthan a minute.The allied line broke, allowingthe Germans to advance deep into alliedterritory. If the Germans had been fullyprepared to exploit this breakthrough, thecourse and possibly the outcome of WWImay have been very different.Chlorine is a commodity industrialchemical with hundreds of legitimate uses; itis not a "purpose designed" chemical warfareagent. Phosgene, another commodityindustrial chemical, accounted for 80% ofthe chemical fatalities during WWI. Otherindustrial chemicals, most notably hydrogencyanide and cyanogen chloride, were alsoused during WWI. More recently, both sidesin the Bosnian civil war threatened to usechlorine as a "weapon of opportunity".Industrial chemicals include chlorine,ammonia, phosgene, hydrogen cyanide,acids, solvents, pesticides, herbicides,fertilisers, fuels, petrochemicals, andintermediates used in the manufacture ofplastics. Industrial chemicals are legitimatearticles of commerce which are traded invery large volumes and are not subjected tothe same regulations or export controls aschemical warfare agents. Industrialchemicals are available in bulk quantitiesduring production, in storage prior to use orshipment, or during their transport from onelocation to another. Depending on theavailable routes of movement, and quantityof chemical to be moved, transport can occurby truck or rail tank cars, over water by bargeor boat, over land through above- or below-ground pipelines and by air.
What is an antiplant agent?
Antiplant agents are industrial chemicalsused to destroy the enemy’s food supply anddeny him concealment by foliage orvegetation. Antiplant chemicals can beclassified as herbicides, defoliants andgrowth suppressants or inhibitors.Herbicides kill or inhibit the growth ofplants. They are divided into two maingroups:
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What are corrosive substances?
These include such substances as ammonium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide (caustic potash), sodium hydroxide (ca ustic soda ) and others. Many common non-acidic cleaning products have corrosive properties and a wide range of substances in common use exhibit corrosive characteristics. For example, glutaraldehyde (used as a disinfectant and sterilizing agent in medical and dental settings) is harmful if inhaled or swallowed, can be irritating to the respiratory tract, eyes and skin, may cause permanent eye injury and can cause severe allergic skin reactions. 4 Similarly, lye (sodium hydroxide, also known as caustic soda) is an inorganic, highly caustic metallic base and alkali salt of sodium. It can cause severe burns in all tissues that come in contact with it. Low-level inhalation as dusts, mists or aerosols can cause irritation of the nose, throat, and respiratory system. Higher levels may cause permanent damage.
What are the different types of solvents used in cleaning?
Organic and chemical solvents are primarily used as cleaning agents but have many other uses as well. Common solvents include tetrachloroethylene in dry cleaning, toluene and turpentine in paint thinners, acetone, methyl acetate and ethyl acetate in nail polish removers, hexane and petrol ether as cleaning agents, citrus terpenes in detergents, ethanol in perfumes, etc. These are just a few of the thousands of different types of solvents used in both industrial applications and consumer products.
What is the chemical structure of trichloroethlyene?
Chemical structure of Trichloroethlyene [e] TCE (1,1,2-trichloroethylene) is a colorless, transparent liquid used as a degreaser, paint stripper, adhesive solvent and additive in paints and varnishes as well as in the manufacture of other chemicals.
What is vinyl chloride?
Vinyl chloride (also known as chloroethene, chloroethylene, ethylene monochloride or monochloroethylene) is a colorless gas with a mild, sweet odor. It can exist in liquid form under high pressure or at low temperatures. The majority of vinyl chloride produced in the U.S. is used to make PVC (polyvinyl chloride), from which many different plastic and vinyl products are made including pipes, wire, packaging materials, etc. Some vinyl chloride is used in furniture and automobile upholstery, wall coverings, housewares and automotive parts. In the past vinyl chloride was used as a refrigerant. 11
Is TCE a carcinogen?
Following U.S. EPA (2005b) "Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment," TCE is characterized as "carcinogenic to humans" by all routes of exposure. This conclusion is based on convincing evidence of a causal association between TCE exposure in humans and kidney cancer. 9 TCE exposure can also augment the toxicity of other chemicals through exposure to some of TCE's metabolites. This means that the expert toxicologist must also consider the cumulative effects of TCE along with other environmental contaminants. 10
What chemicals are toxic to humans?
Toxic chemicals like Aniline, Nitroanilne, P-Chloroaniline, Toluidine, O-Toluidine, Naphtaline, Paradichlorobenzene, Nitrates and Trinitrotoluene are associated with Methaemoglobinaemia and if appropriate precautions are not taken, the workers involved in handling these chemicals, can get Haematological Disorders.
What is toxic substance?
Toxic substances are substances, which may cause harmful effect by absorption into the body by (i) inhalation of dust, vapour or mist of the substance; (ii) ingestion of the substance or its vapour or mist and (iii) absorption of the substance through skin and eye .
What are the effects of narcotics?
Some of the chemicals that produce narcotic and anaesthetic effects are: Aniline, Benzene, Carbon Disulphide, Carbon Tetrachloride, Chloroform, Ether, Nitrobenzene, Nitrous Oxide, etc. 2.4 Systemic Poisons:
What are the most common diseases caused by arsenic?
Cirrhosis, Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Angiosarcoma are most common amongst the pesticide workers handling arsenic. Use of Dioxin is a potential threat to pesticide workers which can lead to Porphyria Cutanea Tarda. Ceramic workers handling Beryllium are likely to affect Granulomatous Disease.
What are the irritants that affect the upper respiratory tract?
Some of the irritants that affect the upper respiratory tract are: Acetic Acid, Ammonia, Cynuric Chloride, Formaldehyde, Nitrochlorobenzene, Sulphur Dioxide, etc.
How do narcotics affect the respiratory system?
The excessive intake of narcotics and anaesthetics causes depression and eventual failure of respiration. In milder exposures, the symptoms would be dizziness, delirium, stupor, coma and convulsions.
What is toxidromes in emergency care?
Toxidromes aid emergency care providers in the context of the patient presenting with suspected poisoning, unexplained altered mental status, unknown hazardous materials or chemical weapons exposure, or the unknown overdose. The ability to capture an adequate chemical exposure history and to recognize toxidromes may reduce dependence on laboratory ...
What is a toxidrome?
Toxidromes aid emergency care providers in the context of the patient presenting with suspected poisoning, unexplained altered mental status, unknown hazardous materials or chemical weapons exposure, or the unknown overdose. The ability to capture an adequate chemical ...
What are the chemicals that are banned?
PCBs and DDT. PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) and DDT (dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane) are chemicals that were banned more than 30 years ago, but our air, water, land, and bodies are so contaminated that decades of cleanup efforts have yet to eliminate their threats to our health.
What is a persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic chemical?
Persistent, Bioaccumulative and Toxic Chemicals (PBTs) Chemicals that are persistent in the environment, bioaccumulate in people and/or wildlife, and are toxic are called PBTs.
What is hexane used for?
Hexane. Hexane is a solvent widely used as an industrial cleaner and degreaser and is an ingredient in many consumer products. Easily inhaled or absorbed through the skin, hexane has been recognized for more than 40 years to cause long-lasting and even permanent nerve damage in feet, legs, hands, and arms. Hexavalent Chromium.
What is vinyl chloride used for?
Vinyl chloride is used to make polyvinyl chloride (PVC). From production through disposal, vinyl chloride threatens health and contaminates the environment. These chemicals are linked to serious environmental and health problems. Check out our fact sheets, which draw from the leading peer-reviewed science.
What is the chemical used to soften vinyl?
Chemicals linked to low testosterone, birth defects and cancer are used to soften vinyl plastic and can be found in food as well as products like school supplies and flooring. Styrene. This petroleum by-product is used to make Styrofoam™, plastics, rubber, and resins.
What is hexavalent chromium?
Hexavalent Chromium. A legacy pollutant that can contaminate soil and water supplies for decades, hexavalent chromium is a widespread contaminant at hazardous waste sites and in drinking water. Lead. In the world of toxic chemical reform, reduction in lead exposure is often cited as a public health success story.
Is TCE a carcinogen?
EPA classifies TCE as carcinogenic to humans by all routes of exposure. Toxic flame retardants.
What is chemical attack?
A chemical attack is the spreading of toxic chemicals with the intent to do harm. A wide variety of chemicals could be made, stolen, or otherwise acquired for use in an attack. Industrial chemical plants or the vehicles used to transport chemicals could also be sabotaged. Harmful chemicals that could be used in an attack include:
What are chemical weapons?
Chemical weapons (warfare agents) developed for military use. Toxic industrial and commercial chemicals that are produced, transported, and stored in the making of petroleum, textiles, plastics, fertilizers, paper, foods, pesticides, household cleaners, and other products.
