Difference between Axial and Appendicular Skeletons
| Appendicular Skeletons | Axial Skeletons |
| Includes the limb bones, pelvis, and sho ... | Includes the bones of the head and torso |
| contains more bones than the axial skele ... | Contains less bones |
| Made up of around 128 bones | Made up of 74 bones and 6 ossicles |
What bones are in the upper limb?
- Supraspinatus
- Infraspinatus
- Teres minor
- Subscapularis
What are all 206 bones?
There are 206 bones in the human body. Over half of these bones are in the hands, which have 54 bones, and the feet, which have 52 bones. Here is the full list: Bones in the Head: Cranial bones (8): frontal, parietal (2), temporal (2), occipital, sphenoid. ethmoid. Facial bones (14):
What holds appendicular bones together?
Appendicular skeleton info. 126 bones, shoulder & pelvic girdles, attaches limbs to axial skeleton. ... bind the bones together, tendons help to hold the bones firmly in the arched position. Weight placed on foot. arch is compressed downward, when weight is removed, it springs back in the arched position ...
What bones are in the upper arm?
The large bones of the arm include:
- Humerus: This bone runs down from the shoulder socket and joins the radius and ulna at the elbow.
- Radius: A forearm bone, it runs from the elbow to the thumb side of the wrist.
- Ulna: This forearm bone runs from the elbow to the “pinkie” side of the wrist.
Q.1. What is the appendicular and axial skeleton?
Ans: Appendicular skeleton-The appendicular skeleton includes all the bones that form the upper and lower limbs, the pelvic girdle, and the pectora...
Q.2. What part is made on the appendicular skeleton?
Ans: The appendicular skeleton consists of the bones of the upper and lower limbs, the pelvic girdle, and the pectoral girdle.
Q.3. What is the role of the appendicular skeleton?
Ans: The appendicular skeleton supports the attachment and functions of the upper and lower limbs of the human body.
Q.4. Name any 8 appendicular bones?
Ans: The 8 appendicular bones are Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges, Femur and Tibia.
Q.5. What are the functions of the axial skeleton?
Ans: The axial skeleton provides support and protection for the brain, spinal cord, and the organs in the ventral body cavity.
Q.6. Which is the longest bone of our body?
Ans: Femur or thigh bone is the longest bone of our body.
What are the different parts of the appendicular skeleton?
Appendicular Skeleton: Appendicular Skeleton: The different components of the appendicular skeleton are as follows: Pectoral girdle. Pelvic girdle. The Upper limbs or forearm. The lower limbs or hindlimb. Pectoral girdle: The pectoral girdle is a set of bones that connects the upper limbs to the axial skeleton on each side.
What is Appendicular Skeleton?
The appendicular skeleton consists of two girdles, the pectoral girdle and the pelvic girdle. This includes the bones of the upper and lower limbs. It consists of 126 bones. It allows us to move and manipulate objects.
How many bones are in the upper limb?
3. The Upper limbs or forearm: The upper limb or forearm also known as antebrachium. It contains a total of 60 bones i.e., 30 on each side. The upper limb consists of the following bones: humerus, radius, ulna, carpals or wrist bones, metacarpals or palm bones and phalanges or digits.
How many phalanges are there in the upper arm?
Thus, the total number of phalanges in the upper limb is 28 ( 14 in each arm). 4. The Lower limbs or hind arm: The lower limb contains a total of 60 bones i.e., 30 on each side. The lower limb consists of the following bones: femur, tibia, fibula, patella, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges.
What is the role of the axial skeleton in the body?
1. It supports and protects the soft vital organs of the abdominal cavity. 2. It transfers the weight of the upper axial skeleton to lower appendicular parts especially during body movement. 3. It provides attachment to the lower limbs. The Upper Limbs. 1. It helps in the hand movement to perform various activities.
What is the human skeletal system?
The Human Skeletal system consists of a framework of bones and a few cartilages. This system has a significant role in movement shown by the body. (Source: NCERT) The skeletal system of humans can be basically divided into two parts (i) axial skeleton and (ii) the appendicular skeleton. This Appendicular Skeletal system is associated with ...
How many tarsal bones are there in each leg?
There are ten tarsal bones, i.e. five in each leg. (7) Phalanges: They are the bones of the toes of the leg. There are three phalanges in each toe, excluding the thumb, which have two phalanges. Thus, the total number of phalanges in the lower limb is 28 ( 14 in each arm).
What are the bones that make up the appendicular skeleton?
The shoulder girdle and pelvis provide connection points between the appendicular skeleton and the axial skeleton to where mechanical loads transfer. Of the 206 bones in the adult human body, a total of 126 bones form the appendicular skeleton. The bones that contribute to the appendicular skeleton include the bones of the hands, feet, upper extremity, lower extremity, shoulder girdle, and pelvic bones .[1]
Where does the blood supply to the appendicular skeleton originate?
The blood supply to the lower extremity of the appendicular skeleton originates from the common iliac arteries, which are the terminal branches of the descending aorta. The common iliac artery branches into the internal and external iliac arteries, supplying all the structures of the pelvis and the lower extremities.[15] The external iliac artery continues into the lower extremity to become the femoral artery as it passes under the inguinal ligament.[16] A major branch of the femoral artery is the deep femoral artery. The deep femoral artery supplies blood to the femur. The medial femoral circumflex artery and lateral femoral circumflex artery are early branches of the deep femoral artery that vascularize the hip joint.[16] The femoral artery continues posteriorly to the knee as the popliteal artery, then continues into the lower leg where it divides into the anterior tibial artery and the posterior tibial artery. The posterior tibial artery then bifurcates into the posterior tibial and fibular arteries, which distally contribute to the vasculature of the foot. [17][18][19]
What are the bones of the upper extremity?
A single upper extremity includes 14 phalanges (proximal, intermediate, and distal), five metacarpals, eight carpal bones, two forearm bones (radius and ulna), the humerus, and the shoulder girdle (scapula and clavicle) .[2] A single lower extremity contains 14 phalanges (proximal, intermediate, and distal), five metatarsals, seven tarsal bones, two leg bones (fibula, tibia), the femur, and the hip bone or coxal bone (ilium, ischium, and pubis). [3][4]These bones articulate with each other and are joined by a multitude of ligaments, cartilage, and tendons to form the appendicular skeleton. There are also bony prominences and protuberances that serve as muscle attachment sites on the surfaces of these bones. The appendicular skeleton is structured for a greater range of motion and locomotion generation when compared to the axial skeleton. [5]
Which joint articulates with the axial skeleton?
There are two bilateral joints where the appendicular skeleton directly articulates with the axial skeleton. The first of these articulations is the sternoclavicular joint, where the sternum of the axial skeleton articulates with the clavicle of the appendicular skeleton. The sternoclavicular joint is a synovial joint.[8] The second point where the appendicular skeleton directly articulates with the axial skeleton is the sacroiliac joint, where the sacrum articulates with the ilium. The sacroiliac joint is both a synovial joint and a syndesmosis. The connection between the sacrum and the ilium is important to transfer the load of the axial skeleton to the lower limb of the appendicular skeleton. [9]
What is the function of the bones of the foot?
The bones of the foot function to form a base where the skeleton contacts the ground while standing. During the gait cycle, the articulations between the bones of the foot combined with the fascia and ligaments allow for deformation of the arches, which create spring-like properties in the foot that are utilized during walking and running. [11]
Is the appendicular skeleton physiologic?
There are a number of physiologic variants of the appendicular skeleton. The text below briefly describes several of the anomalies.
When do limb buds form?
There are two upper limb buds and two lower limb buds. These form when the lateral plate mesoderm grows outwards. As these limb buds grow outwards, chondrification forms hyaline cartilage around the sixth week and continues cartilage growth the limb buds. This chondrification continues rapidly in a proximal to distal manner.[12] Around the tenth week, the ossification of the cartilage begins.[13] Ossification continues post-birth with secondary and ultimately complete ossification that is ongoing until around 20 years of age. [14]
What are the bones of the upper limbs?
The upper limbs include the bones of the arm (humerus), forearm (radius and ulna), wrist, and hand. The only bone of the arm is the humerus, which articulates with the forearm bones–the radius and ulna–at the elbow joint. The ulna is the larger of the two forearm bones.
What are the two groups of bones that make up the human body?
The bones of the human skeleton are divided into two groups. The axial skeleton includes all the bones (that form bony structures) along the body’s long axis. The bones of the appendicular skeleton make up the rest of the skeleton, and are so called because they are appendages of the axial skeleton. The appendicular skeleton includes the bones of ...
What are the bones of the pelvis?
3. The Bones of the Pelvis 1 The female pelvic brim is larger and wider than the male’s. 2 The angle of the pubic arch is greater in the female pelvis (over 90 degrees) than in the male pelvis (less than 90 degrees). 3 The male pelvis is deeper and has a narrower pelvic outlet than the female’s.
What are the bones of the wrist called?
The wrist bones are called carpals. The bones that form the palm of the hand are called metacarpals. The phalanges are the bones of the fingers. 3. The Bones of the Pelvis. The pelvic girdle is a ring of bones attached to the vertebral column that connects the bones of the lower limbs to the axial skeleton.
What are the bones of the shoulder girdle?
1. The Bones of the Shoulder Girdle. The pectoral or shoulder girdle consists of the scapulae and clavicles. The shoulder girdle connects the bones of the upper limbs to the axial skeleton. These bones also provide attachment for muscles that move the shoulders and upper limbs.
What are the bones of the foot?
The bones of the foot include the tarsus, metatarsus, and phalanges. Foot Bones. The bones of the foot consist of the tarsal bones of the ankle, the phalanges that form the toes, and the metatarsals that give the foot its arch.
How many phalanges are there in the foot?
As in the hand, the foot has five metatarsals, five proximal phalanges, five distal phalanges, but only four middle phalanges (as the foot’s “big toe” has only two phalanges). Ankle Bones. The ankle, or tarsus, consists of seven tarsal bones: the calcaneus, talus, cuboid, navicular, and three cuneiforms. Foot Arches.
How many bones are in the appendicular skeleton?
While the appendicular skeleton consists of the limb bones, pelvis, and shoulder girdle, the axial skeleton contains the bones of the head and torso. The number of bones in the appendicular skeleton exceeds that of the axial skeleton. There are approximately 128 bones that make up the appendicular skeleton. By contrast, the axial skeleton is made of 74 bones and 6 ossicles. This constitutes a rough ratio of 60:40 in terms of the proportion of appendicular to axial bones.
What is the Appendicular Skeleton?
To better understand the function and anatomy of these different bones, the human skeleton is divided into two groups: the axial and appendicular skeletons. The axial skeleton refers to the bones of the head and torso. By contrast, the appendicular skeleton contains the bones of the limbs (arms and legs), along with the pectoral (shoulder) girdle and the pelvic (hip) girdle.
What are the bones of the upper and lower limbs?
The appendicular skeleton consists of the bones of the upper and lower limbs (arms and legs). The upper limbs contain the bones of the hand, carpals, arm, and pectoral girdle. The lower limbs contain the bones of the foot, tarsals, leg, and pelvic girdle.
How many bones are in each upper limb?
Each upper limb, or arm, consists of the bones of the pectoral girdle, arms, and hands. There are 32 bones in each upper limb, as described below.
What are the three parts of a long bone?
Long bones consist of three main parts: the epiphyses at each end of the bone; the metaphyses, or neck of the bone; and the diaphysis, or long hollow shaft of the bone . Long bones are characterized by having a length greater than the width of the bone. An example of a long bone is the femur, found in the upper leg, or thigh region.
Where are short bones found?
By contrast, short bones have roughly equal length, width, and thickness, similar to the shape of a cube. Short bones are commonly found in our wrists and ankles.
Overview
Made up of the bones in your head, neck, back and chest, your axial skeleton supports and cushions your brain, spinal cord and organs in your body.
Function
Your axial skeleton provides support and cushioning for your brain, spinal cord and organs in your body. Muscles in your body that move your head, neck and trunk attach to your axial skeleton. These muscles help you breathe and steady parts of your appendicular skeleton.
Conditions and Disorders
Many conditions can cause problems with your axial skeleton. Some develop due to wear and tear as you age. Others happen as a result of disease or injury. Conditions that may affect your axial skeleton include:
Care
The best way to take care of your axial skeleton is to maintain a healthy lifestyle. To keep your bones strong and healthy: