Anatomy Explorer. At birth, the patella is a small mass of cartilage found within the quadriceps tendon. Throughout early childhood this cartilage mass grows and ossifies, forming the patella and dividing the quadriceps tendon into two distinct structures. The distal structure becomes the patellar ligament as it now connects two bones together.
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Patella | |
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Pronunciation | /pəˈtɛlə/ |
Origins | present at the joint of femur and tibia fibula |
Identifiers | |
Latin | patella |
What is the function of the patella bone?
Nov 15, 2021 · The knee consists of three bones: femur – the upper leg bone, or thigh bone. tibia – the bone at the front of the lower leg, or shin bone. patella – the thick, triangular bone that sits over the other bones at the front of the knee, or kneecap.
Where is the patella located in the human body?
Jan 05, 2022 · The knee is made up of three bones: Thigh – thigh bone or thigh bone. Tibia: the bone at the front of the lower leg or tibia. Patella – The thick, triangular bone that sits on top of the other bones in the front of the knee or patella.
What causes lateral patellar tilt?
Jan 30, 2020 · The patella is attached to the quadriceps muscles by the quadriceps tendon. Additionally, how many bones are in the patella? There are four bones around the knee: the thigh bone (femur), the shin bone (tibia), knee cap ( patella ), and the fibula (see image to the left):
What is the purpose of the patella?
Apr 14, 2016 · The patella is a dense trabecular bone with a thin compact lamina coveing it. The attachment of the quadriceps muscle if found on the superior surface extends distally onto the anterior surface. The rough marking found at the lateral and medial borders of the patella represent the attachments of vasti lateralis and medialis, and those at the apex represent the …
What 2 structures attach the patella to the knee joint?
The patella acts as a pulley with the quadriceps tendon attaching to it proximally and the patellar tendon attaching to it distally transmitting the forces of the knee extensor mechanism.
Is the patella connected to another bone?
Your kneecap (patella) is a small bone in the front of your knee joint. It is not attached to another bone and is kept in place by two tendons, your patellar tendon and quadriceps tendon, and the trochlear groove. The patellar tendon attaches the bottom of the kneecap to the top of the shinbone (tibia).
What is patella bone?
The patella is a small bone located in front of the knee joint — where the thighbone (femur) and shinbone (tibia) meet. It protects the knee and connects the muscles in the front of the thigh to the tibia.
What type of bone is the patella?
sesamoid boneThe patella is the largest sesamoid bone in the human body and is located anterior to knee joint within the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle, providing an attachment point for both the quadriceps tendon and the patellar ligament.Aug 11, 2021
What is attached to the kneecap?
Knee tendons Muscles are connected to bones by tendons. The patellar tendon connects the bottom of the kneecap (kneecap) to the top of the tibia (tibia). The kneecap is connected to the quadriceps muscles through the quadriceps tendon.
What 2 structures connect the patella to the knee joint?
The patella is the largest sesamoid bone in the human body and lies anterior to the knee joint in the quadriceps femoris tendon and provides a starting point for both the quadriceps tendon and the patellar ligament.
What bone connects the pelvis to the patella?
The femur articulates proximal to the pelvic acetabulum to form the hip joint and distal to the tibia and patella to form the knee joint.
Where is the kneecap attached?
The patella (kneecap) is a small bone that is located in front of the knee joint. It is not attached to any other bone and is held in place by two tendons, the patellar tendon and the quadriceps tendon and trochlear groove. The patellar tendon connects the bottom of the kneecap with the top of the tibia (tibia).
What two bones are associated with Patella Quizlet?
The posterior surface of the patella articulates with the femur and is characterized by two facets. What are the media like? it articulates with the medial condyle of the femur.
What are the two primary stabilizing structures of the knee?
The knee ligaments have the function of stabilizing the knee joint. There are two major groups of ligaments that hold the bones of the knee joint together, the collateral ligaments and the cruciate ligament.
What two bones is the knee joint made of?
The knee is one of the largest and most complex joints in the body. The knee joint connects the thigh bone (femur) with the tibia bone (tibia). The smallest bone that passes through the tibia (fibula) and patella (patella) are the other bones that make up the knee joint.
What is the ligament that connects the patella to the tibia?
The patellar tendon attaches the bottom of the kneecap (patella) to the top of the shinbone (tibia). It is actually a ligament that connects to two different bones, the patella and the tibia. The patella is attached to the quadriceps muscles by the quadriceps tendon. Beside above, how many bones are in the patella?
Where is the patella ligament located?
Specifically, the ligament connects the patella to the top of the tuberosity (a ridge-like prominence) of the tibia, or shinbone. Above the kneecap, the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle attaches to the femur, or thighbone. Click to see full answer.
Which tendon connects the apex of the patella to the tibial tuberosity?
The patellar tendon connects the apex of the patella to the tibial tuberosity, and improves the way the quadriceps muscle pulls on the tibia.
How many bones are there in the knee?
There are four bones around the knee: the thigh bone (femur), the shin bone (tibia), knee cap (patella), and the fibula (see image to the left):
Where is the patella located?
Location. The patella sits between the femur and tibia , not only protecting the knee joint but connecting muscles in the front of the femur to the tibia. Under the patella and the at the end of the femur is articular cartilage, which makes it possible for the patella and femur bones to move alongside each other.
What is the function of the patella?
Function. The main job of the patella is to help with knee extension and movement, while offering protection for the knee joint. In the case of knee extension, this movement happens by the patella offering leverage that the quadriceps tendons it's attached to can put on the femur.
What are the most common injuries to the patella?
Two of the most common conditions related to the patella are patellar tendonitis and patella dislocations.
What is the joint that connects the femur to the thigh?
This makes the femur become a joint facet, as it also connects with a medial and lateral condyle of the femur. The patella is also attached by the vastus lateralis and medialis, which are muscles in the thigh. From the apex of the patella comes the patellar ligament, which connects to the front of the tibia (shin bone).
What is the apex of the patella?
The apex, or point, of the patella points downward towards the shin while the base of the bone sits upward towards the thigh. The base is also what attaches to the quadriceps tendon. The back of the patella forms a joint with the femur, otherwise known as the thighbone. This makes the femur become a joint facet, ...
What muscle is in the middle of the knee?
Muscles in the thigh, parts of the femur, and a tendon in the knee, referred to as medial patellar retinaculum and that crosses the knee joint in the middle of the patella, all work together to keep the patella stabilized.
What causes a patella to swell?
Patella Dislocations. For a patella dislocation, the patella will slip outside its grooved position inside the leg. This causes pain and swelling, as well as possibly tearing the ligaments that hold the patella in place from popping out of its location.
Where is the patella located?
Anatomy. The patella is the largest sesamoid bone in the body and it lies within the quadriceps tendon in front of the knee joint. The bone originates from multiple ossification centres that develop from the ages of three to six, which rapidly coalesce. The patella is a thick, flat, triangular bone with its apex pointing downwards.
What is the patella of the knee?
The patella is also known as the kneecap. It sits in front of the knee joint and protects the joint from damage. It is the largest sesamoid bone in the body, and lies within the quadriceps tendon. The kneecap is an example of a bone we are all familiar with, and which has a significant functional role. In this article we will discuss the anatomy ...
What stabilizes the patella?
The patella is stabilized by the horizontal fibers of vastus medialis, as well as the anterior projection of the lateral femoral condyle. The tension in the medial patellar retinaculum also helps in its stability. For more details about the anatomy of the patella, take a look below: Tibia and fibula Explore study unit.
What is the attachment of the quadriceps muscle?
The attachment of the quadriceps muscle if found on the superior surface extends distally onto the anterior surface. The rough marking found at the lateral and medial borders of the patella represent the attachments of vasti lateralis and medialis, and those at the apex represent the attachment of the patellar ligament.
What is the most common cause of patellar fracture?
Patellar fracture. The patella sits on the anterior surface of the femoral condyles, and is hence relatively vulnerable. Direct trauma to the knee is the commonest cause of patellar fracture. Symptoms include swelling of the knee and pain in the region. Surgery is the most usual treatment.
What is tenderness of the apex of the patella?
This is tenderness of the apex (lower pole) of the patella after repetitive pulling by the patellar ligament. It is one of the juvenile osteochondroses, and causes anterior knee pain. It is commonest in children aged twelve to fourteen years of age, and among those children that play a lot of sports. The same kind of symptoms have been reported where the quadriceps inserts onto the base of the patella. A similar disease process occurs at the tibial tuberosity, and is known as Osgood-Schlatter disease.
What muscle is involved in the extension of the knee joint?
Patellar reflex also known as knee jerk is the contraction of quadriceps femoris muscle resulting in the extension of knee joint. The myotome that causes knee extension is L2-4 i.e. the femoral the lower two divisions of the femoral nerve.
Where is the patella found?
The patella is found in placental mammals and birds; most marsupials have only rudimentary, non-ossified patellae although a few species possess a bony patella. A patella is also present in the living monotremes, the platypus and the echidna.
What is the patella of the knee?
The patella, also known as the kneecap, is a flat, rounded triangular bone which articulates with the femur (thigh bone) and covers and protects the anterior articular surface of the knee joint. The patella is found in many tetrapods, such as mice, cats, birds and dogs, but not in whales, or most reptiles . In humans, the patella is the largest ...
How does the patella stabilize?
The patella is stabilized by the insertion of the horizontal fibres of vastus medialis and by the prominence of the lateral femoral condyle, which discourages lateral dislocation during flexion. The retinacular fibres of the patella also stabilize it during exercise.
Why does my kneecap hurt?
The kneecap is prone to injury because of its particularly exposed location, and fractures of the patella commonly occur as a consequence of direct trauma onto the knee. These fractures usually cause swelling and pain in the region, bleeding into the joint ( hemarthrosis ), and an inability to extend the knee.
What is an attenuated patella alta?
An attenuated patella alta is an unusually small patella that develops out of and above the joint . A patella baja is a low-riding patella. A long-standing patella baja may result in extensor dysfunction. Insall-Salvati ratio (A divided by B).
What is the apex of the patella?
The patella is a sesamoid bone roughly triangular in shape, with the apex of the patella facing downwards. The apex is the most inferior (lowest) part of the patella. It is pointed in shape, and gives attachment to the patellar ligament .
What is the lower third of the patella?
The lower third culminates in the apex which serves as the origin of the patellar ligament. The posterior surface is divided into two parts. The upper three-quarters of the patella articulates with the femur and is subdivided into a medial and a lateral facet by a vertical ledge which varies in shape.
How Knee Bends Happen: A Brief Overview
Knee bends are possible thanks to several key structures in your patellofemoral joint. Also called knee flexion, bending your knee happens as a result of the teamwork between your quadriceps muscle, patella, and quadriceps and patellar tendons.
Patellofemoral Ligaments vs. Tendons
While tendons promote movement at your joints, ligaments stabilize your joints by restricting motion. As discussed above, the quadriceps tendon and patellar tendon work together to make knee flexion possible.
Patellofemoral Ligaments Explained
Smooth and controlled knee flexion relies on ligaments that hold the patella in place. Like anchors, these fibrous tissues prevent movement by attaching structures to one another.
Patellofemoral Ligament Injuries
Damage to your patellofemoral ligaments can affect the stability of your knee. Ligament injuries include sprains, tears, and complete ruptures. These can occur as a result of a forceful impact or twist to the knee.
Articular Cartilage of the Patellofemoral Knee Joint
Your knee is classified as a synovial joint, which means that the place where your bones contact each other is enclosed in a membrane called a “joint cavity.” The bones that make up this cavity have a layer of what’s called articular cartilage on their surface.
Damage to Your Articular Cartilage
Damage to the articular cartilage damage on your patella and trochlear groove can be painful and debilitating. Articular cartilage loss can be caused by: