What is the optimal level of stress?
What is optimal stress? It means that your stress level is within a moderate range, not too high and not too low. You’re not racing around anxiously and you’re not out of gas and depressed either.
What factors determine the severity of stress?
d.) feelings of competency- is a person’s confidence in his/ her ability to handle a stressful situation is a major factor in determining the severity of stress. e.) social support- the emotional supports and concern of other people can make stress more bearable. Frustration results when you are prevented from doing something.
What is soil effective stress and total stress?
• Effective Stress = Actual Contact Forces between Soil Grains • Total Stress = The total weight of soil and water within a column. • Pore Water Pressure = The buoyant forces pushing grains apart. Concept of Effective Stress
What are the risk factors for stress?
Risk Factors for Toxic Stress. Exposure to Trauma. Previous exposure to trauma, especially in early childhood and adolescence when the brain and body are still developing, can make it more difficult to respond to stressors later in life.
What does Acculturative stress mean?
Acculturative stress is defined as a reduction in health status (including psychological, somatic and social aspects) of individuals who are undergoing acculturation, and for which there is evidence that these health phenomena are related systematically to acculturation phenomena.
What are examples of Acculturative stress?
Acculturation Stress ExamplesPerformance Difficulties.Mental Health Challenges.Physical Health Challenges.Homelessness.Reverse Culture Shock.
What environmental factors cause Acculturative stress?
Unemployment and language barriers are environmental factors that cause acculturative stress. Because of unemployment, the patient may have financial difficulties, resulting in stress. Because of language barriers, the patient may not be able to interact with people effectively.
How can I reduce my Acculturative stress?
Participation in meaningful activities was the most salient theme to emerge from the data associated with the coping strategy. Most participants were engaged in a variety of activities such as club activities, volunteer work, and hobbies as a way of coping with acculturative stress.
What causes acculturation?
Acculturation refers to the process that occurs when groups of individuals of different cultures come into continuous first-hand contact, which changes the original culture patterns of either or both groups.
What are the 4 types of acculturation?
When these two dimensions are crossed, four acculturation strategies are defined: assimilation, separation, integration, and marginalization.
What are the 3 types of acculturation?
Acculturation type is a recoded categorical variable with three values (1=Dissonant acculturation; 2=Consonant acculturation and 3=Selective acculturation).
What are issues of acculturation?
Prolonged exposure to acculturation stress may lead to mental health challenges (Berry, 2005; Berry, Kim, Minde, & Mok, 1987; Zhang & Goodson, 2011). Resorting to a generalization process to describe different cultural variations is a risk when studying individuals' social behaviors and interactions.
What are the social factors of acculturation?
Schumann identifies eight factors that influence social distance: social dominance, integration pattern, enclosure, cohesiveness, size factor, cultural congruence, attitude factor, and intended length of residence.
How does acculturation affect mental health?
Six studies have focused on the relationship between acculturation and distress in Asian/Asian Americans. Two of these studies found that greater acculturation was associated with more distress, but four stud- ies found that greater acculturation was associated with more self-reliance and fewer stress symptoms.
How does acculturation affect health?
Acculturation has been found to increase the risk of obesity and associated non-communicable diseases such as diabetes and hypertension due to weight gain and environmental and psychological stressors [5].
What causes immigration stress?
Pre-migration stress can be caused by experiences of threats to someone's home environment, financial challenges, or other political and social conditions. Migration itself presents many challenges which can manifest themselves in an experience of severe and chronic stress.
What are some examples of acculturation?
Examples of AcculturationLearning a new language. ... Adopting new customs. ... Changing dress and appearance. ... Adjusting to new foods and cuisine. ... Modifying behavior to conform to new social norms. ... Making friends with people from the new culture. ... Acquiring new cultural knowledge. ... Participating in new cultural activities and hobbies.More items...•
What does acculturation mean and examples?
Acculturation can be defined as the 'process of learning and incorporating the values, beliefs, language, customs and mannerisms of the new country immigrants and their families are living in, including behaviors that affect health such as dietary habits, activity levels and substance use.
What are the 3 types of acculturation?
Acculturation type is a recoded categorical variable with three values (1=Dissonant acculturation; 2=Consonant acculturation and 3=Selective acculturation).
What are Acculturative experiences?
Acculturation is one such experience. Acculturation refers to the process of cultural and psychological change when two or more different cultural groups have contact with one another (Berry, 2003).
What is acculturation stress?
Acculturation is a process in which an individual undergoes psychological changes as a result of unceasing first-hand contact with people of different cultures [ 7] . International students who experience accumulated pressure to adjust to a new language, to cultural values, as well as to social norms and the pressure may put a significant demand on individuals, increasing their feelings of stress or fear [ 8] . The reaction to those changes arising from the discrepancies between their native culture and the primary host culture is described as acculturative stress [ 7] . Acculturative stress is, therefore, a type of stress in which individuals come to experience and exhibit certain stress behaviors such as alienation, depression, anxiety, marginalization, heightened psychosomatic symptoms, and identity confusion [ 9] .
Why are young people more vulnerable to acculturative stress than matured adults?
Age. Age is also one of the personal variables that influence acculturative stress. According to Berry [ 29] , younger individuals are more likely to undergo through minimal acculturative difficulties because they are more flexible and open to integrating with the mainstream culture. However, Yeh and Inose [ 30] argue that because of their psychological and emotional immaturity, young people are more vulnerable to acculturative stress than the matured adults. Those results indicate that the issue of age and acculturative stress is not well-established as well.
What is the stress of being an international student?
Homesickness which encapsulates missing one's beloved families and friends, feeling of alienation, adjustment problems and home contemplations [ 10] was found to be among the leading acculturative stress causing factors in international students [ 11] [ 12] . Students who experience separation anxiety, longing for their family were found to have higher acculturative difficulties.
What are the limitations of the current study?
The current study had several limitations. A possible limitation is that the study was a quantitative study relied on self-report questionnaires. Albeit many researchers extensively use questionnaires as a means of obtaining quantitative data, participants might show social desirability bias and lack of conscientious response in filling the questionnaire which may limit the accuracy of the findings. Therefore, the door for future studies is open to employ both qualitative and quantitative research designs and obtain triangulation of data to figure out acculturative difficulties accurately. The study was also limited to explore a correlational relationship between acculturative stress and sociodemographics and depression without establishing the causal relationships between the variables. Further, the study was a descriptive cross-sectional study measured all study variables at a particular point in time. Thus, as students’ acculturative experiences are subject to change over time, a quasi-experimental longitudinal study could be conducted in future research endeavors to enhance the present findings and precisely and comprehensively map out the acculturative context of the international students. Finally, since participants for the present study were conveniently selected from the population, representativeness with respect to some of the sociodemographic factors may affect the results. Therefore, future studies could conduct a study using representative samples to endorse the findings of the study.
What is the correlation between acculturative stress and depression?
As presented in Table 3, the correlation results indicated that all acculturative stressors appeared to be significantly positively associated with depression. Among the components of acculturative stress, fear, miscellaneous and perceived hated demonstrated a stronger significant correlation with depression.
What is the Pearson product moment correlation?
A Pearson’s product moment correlation was run to determine the bivariate relationship between the subscales of acculturative stress and depressive symptoms. As presented in Table 3, the correlation results indicated that all acculturative stressors appeared to be significantly positively associated with depression. Among the components of accultura tive stress, fear, miscellaneous and perceived hated demonstrated a stronger significant correlation with depression.
Why is international education important?
Therefore, international education exchange programs provide many reciprocal advantages for both the international students and the host country. International students get the chance of becoming part of the international learning environment , attaining higher levels of personal development and independence , and greater cultural awareness and competence . The diverse nature of the international students’ population also enriches the multicultural awareness and appreciation of the host country [ 2] . Besides, the full range of multidisciplinary skills and knowledge of the students significantly enhances the intellectual capital and workforce and thereby the national economic development of the host country [ 3] [ 4] . However, international students also experience a wide range of challenges related to the process of acculturation in the new host culture that may lead to acculturative stress and tension [ 5] and depression [ 6] . Although acculturative difficulties seem to be a natural aspect of adjustment to the new environment, they can even develop into devastating mental health problems especially if there is a lack of clear understanding of the major acculturative stressors and their psychological impact. It is for this reason that the international students’ population has been continuously drawing the attention of many researchers with the aim of establishing an accurate and comprehensive understanding of the adjustment issues of the students. Besides, for personal characteristics of individuals are claimed to compound their acculturative experiences, giving due consideration to sociodemographics in the acculturative studies could contribute to noticeably figuring out the acculturative circumstance of the students.
What are the common causes of acculturative stress?
The most common causes are language barriers, cultural differences, and discrimination. It has been shown that people of different cultures have difficulty understanding one another due to the lack of a shared vocabulary or common ways to express themselves.
What are the implications of acculturative stress in immigrant families?
I t has been observed that immigrants who are experiencing this form of stress have poorer physical and mental health and lower educational achievement.
What is acculturation and what are the four acculturation strategies?
Acculturation is a broad term meaning the adoption or incorporation of aspects from one culture into another in the transition from one culture to another.
What is the result of a mismatch between one’s culture and a new environment?
Acculturative stress is the result of a mismatch between one’s culture and a new environment.
How does acculturation affect families?
In addition to these negative impacts on their lives, acculturative stress also affects family life by creating conflicts between parents and children, leading to a sense of isolation or confusion for immigrant families.
How to cope with acculturative stress?
As such, it is vital that you find a plan which best suits your needs and personality. Some strategies include talking about how you feel or writing in an emotional journal. Also, making time for yourself can be helpful and finding someone, a friend or family member, can give you support during this challenging period of change.
Why are ethnic minority groups failing?
Such a conflict is more specifically true in ethnic minority groups trying hard to assimilate into society but are failing because there are no support mechanisms set up for them. Another major cause of acculturative stress is not adjusting to their new environment and integrating with others.
