What Causes A Blood Sample To Be Lipemic?
- Centrifugation. A recommended procedure for treating lipemic samples is centrifugation using ultracentrifuge which effectively removes lipids and allows measurement of large number of analytes (42,43). …
- Extraction. Lipids can be extracted using polar solvents. …
- Sample dilution.
What does it mean when a blood sample is lipemic?
Lipemia or serum lipemic is the result of high concentrations of lipids in the blood. This causes turbidity or opacity of the blood serum due to the suspension of fatty particles in it; however, not all lipids produce turbidity of the serum. Lipemia is caused by the presence of chylomicrons and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL).
What causes primary high blood pressure?
- Smoking
- Being overweight or obese
- Lack of physical activity
- Too much salt in the diet
- Too much alcohol consumption (more than 1 to 2 drinks per day)
- Stress
- Older age
- Genetics
- Family history of high blood pressure
- Chronic kidney disease
What do blood disorders cause low WBC and platelets?
What causes low platelets and white blood cells? A low white blood cell count usually is caused by: Viral infections that temporarily disrupt the work of bone marrow. Autoimmune disorders that destroy white blood cells or bone marrow cells. Severe infections that use up white blood cells faster than they can be produced. Click to see full answer.
Does hypervolemia cause high blood pressure?
When you have too much excess fluid, it can cause health complications such as swelling, high blood pressure, heart problems and more. Hypervolemia is common among people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and renal failure, because their kidneys aren't working to remove excess fluid like healthy kidneys would.
What causes lipemia in a blood sample?
The most common cause of lipemia is that the patient is not fasting and has eaten close in time to the blood draw. This effect is most dramatic when the patient has consumed a meal with high fat content. However, nonfasting on its own usually does not result in enough lipemia to significantly impact laboratory tests.
What additional problems can a lipemic sample cause?
Lipemia can also cause interferences by volume displacement, especially impacting analysis of electrolytes [9]. Other possible issues with lipemic specimens include sample non-homogeneity (disrupting how analyzers sense and pipette specimens) and alterations in serum protein electrophoretic patterns [4], [7], [9].
How do you prevent lipemic blood?
Please avoid food with high fat content before blood donation. If a blood donor consumes food with high fat content such as oily foods which are fried or deep fried before blood donation it can lead to a transient rise in the triglycerides or cholesterol levels resulting in lipemic blood.
How does lipemia affect blood test results?
Lipemia results from sample turbidity from accumulation of lipoprotein particles and can interfere with laboratory analysis by several mechanisms. First, lipemia can increase absorption of light and thereby decrease light transmittance used for spectrophotometric analysis.
What tests are affected by lipemia?
Conclusion: Lipemia causes clinically significant interferences for phosphorus, creatinine, total protein and calcium measurement and those interferences could be effectively removed by ultracentrifugation.
Does lipemia affect hemoglobin?
A. Lipemia interferes with the accurate determination of hemoglobin, or Hb, by spectroscopy on most hematology analyzers, but it does not generally interfere with determinations (especially impedance based) of red blood cell count, white blood cell count, and platelet count.
What is Lipaemic blood sample?
Lipaemic samples are caused by an excess of lipoproteins in the blood, creating a milky/turbid appearance that interferes with multiple biochemical tests and can even cause haemolysis of red blood cells. A severely lipaemic sample (red arrow).
What food can increase triglycerides?
Sugary food and drinks, saturated fats, refined grains, alcohol, and high-calorie foods can all lead to high levels of triglycerides....Refined Grains and Starchy FoodsEnriched or bleached white bread, wheat bread, or pasta.Sugary cereals.Instant rice.Bagels.Pizza.Pastries, pies, cookies, and cakes.
What is lipemia mean?
Lipemia is a measure of serum transparency. High levels of blood lipids, mostly triglycerides, increase serum turbidity. The lipemia result is expressed in “number of plus signs,” ranging from negative to four pluses (++++).
Which parameter is most likely affected by lipemia?
Q: What CBC parameters are affected when the specimen is lipemic? A: Lipemia in a blood specimen used for clinical evaluation can cause significant interference with obtaining accurate test values. Lipemia creates turbidity of a sample and is a result of the accumulation of lipid particles.
What are some reasons a specimen could be lipemic quizlet?
Terms in this set (4) -Lipemia (lactescence) is caused by increased triglycerides (as chylomicrons or very low density lipoproteins). Lipemia is usually a post-prandial artifact (blood collected in a non-fasted animal) and can be minimized by collecting blood from a fasted animal (minimum, 12 hour fast).
What can cause a false high triglycerides?
Other Factors Drinking alcohol and smoking prior to testing can cause false results. Recent exercise and fluctuating hormone levels may also affect triglyceride readings, making them falsely high or low.
Which parameter is most likely affected by lipemia?
Q: What CBC parameters are affected when the specimen is lipemic? A: Lipemia in a blood specimen used for clinical evaluation can cause significant interference with obtaining accurate test values. Lipemia creates turbidity of a sample and is a result of the accumulation of lipid particles.
Why does lipemia in specimen cause an inaccurate hemoglobin value?
Lipemic specimens contain high levels of triglycerides consisting of chylomicrons and very low-density lipoprotein particles, which in turn cause turbidity. This turbidity interferes with light scatter and the absorption of light, resulting in a false increase of hemoglobin determinations.
What are some reasons a specimen could be lipemic quizlet?
Terms in this set (4) -Lipemia (lactescence) is caused by increased triglycerides (as chylomicrons or very low density lipoproteins). Lipemia is usually a post-prandial artifact (blood collected in a non-fasted animal) and can be minimized by collecting blood from a fasted animal (minimum, 12 hour fast).
What does Lipaemic mean?
: the presence of an excess of fats or lipids in the blood specifically : hypercholesterolemia.
What does it mean when you find lipemic serum?
The finding of lipemic serum indicates that some laboratory tests may be altered or erroneous. It is a fact that lipemia is the second cause of analytical interference after hemolysis. Today there are lipemic serum clarification techniques that allow analysis to be carried out without interference.
Why is lipemic serum milky?
The lipemic serum It consists of the milky appearance of a laboratory sample due to the high content of plasma fat. The cause of lipemia is the presence of very low-density lipoproteins and triglyceride chylomicrons in plasma. The hydrophobic nature of fats produces their suspension in the serum and the characteristic milky appearance of lipemia.
What is the result of high concentrations of lipids in the blood?
Lipemia or serum lipemic is the result of high concentrations of lipids in the blood. This causes turbidity or opacity of the blood serum due to the suspension of fatty particles in it; however, not all lipids produce turbidity of the serum. Lipemia is caused by the presence of chylomicrons and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL).
Why is lipemia important?
The importance of serum lipemia lies in the alterations it produces in routine analysis. Analytical interference is a consequence that occurs in a sample saturated with lipids. Additionally, the finding of lipemic serum is a predictor of cardiac or cerebrovascular pathologies in patients.
What is the lipemic erum?
The lipemic erum It conit of the milky appearance of a laboratory ample due to the high content of plama fat. The caue of lipemia i the preence of very low-denity lipoprotein and triglyceride chylomic
What causes a high lipid level in blood?
This finding will depend on the volume of samples that a laboratory processes. Among the causes of high blood lipid content are dyslipidemias, an inadequate fasting prior to taking a sample or the effect of drugs.
How many mechanisms of analytical interference due to lipemia have been proposed?
So far, four mechanisms of analytical interference due to lipemia have been proposed:
Why is my blood sample rejected?
Hemolysis is the most common reason for sample rejection by laboratories. Hemolysis is defined as the rupture of red blood cells with the release of hemoglobin and the intracellular components into the plasma. The release of hemoglobin causes the serum or plasma to appear pale red to cherry red in color.
What is the term for the presence of excess lipids in the blood?
Lipemia is the presence of excess lipids or fats in the bloodstream. This phenomenon causes the plasma or serum to appear turbid or ‘milky’.
What are the most common reasons for sample rejection by laboratories?
Interferences from hemolysis , lipemia and icterus are most frequently noted which alter the assay results. Hemolysis. Hemolysis is the most common reason for sample rejection by laboratories. Hemolysis is defined as the rupture of red blood cellswith the release of hemoglobin and the intracellular components into the plasma.
Why does icterus occur?
Icterus occurs because of the increased bilirubin production or inappropriate excretion. eg: hemolytic anemia, liver diseases, biliary tract obstruction etc. Mechanism of Interferences. Ability to react chemicals in other reagents resulting in decreased analyte values. Spectral interferences during color measurement.
Why is my plasma milky?
This phenomenon causes the plasma or serum to appear turbid or ‘milky’. Causes of Lipemia. Lipemia is the increased concentration of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in blood resulting in the cloudy/turbid appearance of serum or plasma. As lipoproteins vary in sizes, not all contribute equally to turbidity.
Do lipoproteins cause turbidity?
As lipoproteins vary in sizes, not all contribute equal ly to turbidity. The largest particles, chylomicrons have the greatest potential in causing turbidity of the sample. Mechanism of Interferences. Light scattering effects may increase absorbances during end point reactions and non-blanked reactions for some analytes.
Is intravascular hemolysis rare?
Intravascular hemolysis is very rare and is usually the result of blood transfusion reaction or hemolytic anemia. Extravascular hemolysis is quite common and occurs during improper phlebotomy techniques, handelling, transport and storage of specimens. Mechanism of Interferences.
What causes a high lipemic index?
The most frequent suspected causes of very high lipemic index (>500) were found to be lipid-conta ining intravenous infusions (54.4% of total; fat emulsions for parenteral nutrition – 47%; propofol −7.4%) and diabetes mellitus (25% of total, mainly type 2). The most frequent suspected causes of very elevated serum/plasma triglycerides (>2000 mg/dL) was diabetes mellitus (64%, mainly type 2) and hyperlipidemia (16.9%). The frequency of hemolysis increased with increasing lipemic index.
What causes lipemia in diabetics?
Intravenous lipids and type 2 diabetes were most common causes of severe lipemia.
What is the purpose of the study on lipemia?
The aim of this study was to assess the causes of severe lipemia and to better define the relationship between lipemia and hemolysis. To this end, we utilized a large body of retrospective data from the centralized core laboratory at an academic medical center. We focused our chart review on specimens with markedly elevated lipemic indices, reasoning that these specimens have the highest likelihood of causing clinically significant interference. The lipemic index data was drawn from all clinical chemistry testing performed during an approximately 16 month period. We also analyzed data on serum/plasma triglycerides for those patients on which it was clinically ordered, utilizing a longer retrospective time period to achieve a large dataset.
What wavelength is used to detect lipemic index?
Different manufacturers use various wavelengths to detect lipemic index; for example, Roche Diagnostics cobas analyzers use 660/700 nm and Beckman Coulter chemistry analyzers use 660/800 nm. There are both advantages and disadvantages of automatic detection.
How to determine lipemia?
Measurement of triglycerides in serum or plasma can also give a rough assessment of degree of lipemia, but the degree of turbidity does not correlate well with triglyceride concentration, with a complex and non-linear relationship [7], [18]. Many clinical chemistry platforms have the ability to determine a lipemic index [7], [19]. For automatic detection of lipemic index, dilution of the patient's sample is made in saline or buffer and then specific wavelengths are measured [7]. Different manufacturers use various wavelengths to detect lipemic index; for example, Roche Diagnostics cobas analyzers use 660/700 nm and Beckman Coulter chemistry analyzers use 660/800 nm. There are both advantages and disadvantages of automatic detection. Low cost, high speed, increased reproducibility and rapid analysis time are some of the advantages of automatic detection, whereas some of the disadvantages are lack of standardization among manufacturers in reporting lipemic index and false positives due to sample turbidity not caused by accumulation of lipid.
What wavelength is lipemia?
The analyzers take an aliquot of the patient specimen and dilute in 0.9% sodium chloride saline to measure the absorbances for lipemia at 660 nm (primary wavelength) and 700 nm (secondary wavelength), for hemolysis at 570 nm (primary wavelength) and 600 nm (secondary wavelength), and for icterus at 480 nm (primary wavelength) and 505 nm (secondary wavelength). Interfacing throughout the laboratory is provided by Middleware software (Instrument Manager) from Data Innovations (Burlington, VA) [20], [23]. Lipemia and hemolysis indices were extracted from Instrument Manager data in the time period of January 15, 2015 to May 31, 2016 using specimen accession numbers, allowing for linkage to patient data and the laboratory testing ordered on the accession number.
Is fasting a cause of lipemia?
Fasting has been recognized as a significant factor in specimen lipemia [12], [13], [46]. For most of the specimens analyzed in our study, the fasting status of the patient was undocumented. It is likely that many of the specimens collected in the emergency department, inpatient units, and even outpatient clinics (especially for collections in the afternoon or evening) were drawn from patients who were not fasting. Although we identified likely medical or iatrogenic causes for lipemia for the vast majority of the markedly lipemic specimens, it is likely that non-fasting status also contributed to elevated lipemia in many cases.
What is the term for a clot that is not affected by lipaemia?
Mechanical or electromechanical means of clot detection (these are not affected by lipaemia) In lipaemia, chylomicrons and VLDLs are suspended in the blood and scatter light, producing the characteristic cloudiness or turbidity similar to that seen in milk.
What is the name of the abnormally high concentration of lipids in the blood?
Lipaemia is defined as an abnormally high concentration of lipids in the blood, usually in the form of very low density lipoproteins ( VLDLs) or chylomicrons. Characteristically the blood plasma may appear white or milky in colour due to the presence of fat. Triglycerides in the 400–800 mg/dl range may produce visible lipaemia.
Does lipemia cause clotting?
Using optical clot detection methods, as is commonly used in determining prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time, lipemia may result in artificial prolongation of clotting times. Mechanical or electromechanical means of clot detection are not affected by lipemia.
CASE
A 5-year-old girl was admitted to our paediatric critical care unit with a first presentation of severe diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Initial bloodwork demonstrated: blood glucose 35.1 mmol/L, venous pH < 6.9, pCO2 21 mmHg and HCO3 3.9 mmol/L.
SUMMARY
Severe HT is a TG level greater than 11.3 mmol/L. Patients with DKA are at risk for severe HT because of insulin deficiency, which promotes lipolysis in adipose tissue resulting in the release of free fatty acids.
