Transcortical motor aphasia
Transcortical motor aphasia, also known as commissural dysphasia or white matter dysphasia, results from damage in the anterior superior frontal lobe of the language-dominant hemisphere. This damage is typically due to cerebrovascular accident. TMoA is generally characterized by reduced speech output, which is a result of dysfunction of the affected region of the brain. The left hemisphere i…
What is transcortical motor aphasia (TMA)?
Transcortical Motor Aphasia (TMA or TMoA) is a type of aphasia that is similar to Broca’s aphasia. TMA is due to stroke or brain injury that impacts, but does not directly affect, Broca’s area. Broca’s area is the area of the brain responsible for language production.
What are the causes of transcortical sensory aphasia?
The most common cause of transcortical sensory aphasia is a watershed stroke, which is a stroke that affects one or more of the watershed regions of the brain. These regions are located far from the major cerebral arteries in the brain.
Can you sing with mixed transcortical aphasia?
However, with mixed transcortical aphasia, it is usually possible to repeat words or sentences and sing familiar songs. 4 In this rare type of aphasia, the main areas of language (Broca's and Wernicke's) are not typically damaged, but the surrounding areas, also known as the language association areas, are injured.
What is the difference between Broca’s aphasia and transcortical motor aphasia?
Transcortical Motor Aphasia. The principal difference between transcortical motor aphasia and Broca’s aphasia is in verbal repetition, which is possible in the former and impaired in the latter. Patients with transcortical motor aphasia often have echolalia in the setting of an otherwise nonfluent speech.
What causes transcortical aphasia?
Transcortical sensory aphasia is caused by lesions in the inferior left temporal lobe of the brain located near Wernicke's area, and is usually due to minor hemorrhage or contusion in the temporal lobe, or infarcts of the left posterior cerebral artery (PCA).
How do you get transcortical motor aphasia?
Transcortical Motor Aphasia (TMA or TMoA) is a type of aphasia that is similar to Broca's aphasia. TMA is due to stroke or brain injury that impacts, but does not directly affect, Broca's area. Broca's area is the area of the brain responsible for language production.
What part of the brain is damaged in transcortical motor aphasia?
Transcortical motor aphasia (TMoA), also known as commissural dysphasia or white matter dysphasia, results from damage in the anterior superior frontal lobe of the language-dominant hemisphere.
What lesion causes transcortical motor aphasia?
Transcortical motor aphasia (TCMA) involves lesions of the left frontal lobe–supplementary motor area (SMA), just anterior and superior to Broca's area.
How do you test for Transcortical aphasia?
Diagnosing Transcortical Aphasia Screening can include evaluation of oral motor functions, speech production skills, comprehension, use of written and verbal language, cognitive-communication, swallowing, and hearing.
What part of the brain does aphasia affect?
Aphasia is caused by damage to the language-dominant side of the brain, usually the left side, and may be brought on by: Stroke.
What is difference between Broca's aphasia and transcortical motor aphasia?
1:418:37Broca's and Transcortical Motor Aphasia (Non-fluent ... - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipSo that would mean that technically it may not be Broca's aphasia which is the most common one thatMoreSo that would mean that technically it may not be Broca's aphasia which is the most common one that you hear. It would be transcortical motor aphasia. Which is so similar and the only difference is
Can you see aphasia on MRI?
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans can help diagnose primary progressive aphasia, detect shrinking of certain areas of the brain and show which area of the brain might be affected.
Can you have aphasia without having a stroke?
Aphasia usually occurs suddenly, often following a stroke or head injury, but it may also develop slowly, as the result of a brain tumor or a progressive neurological disease. The disorder impairs the expression and understanding of language as well as reading and writing.
What is a Transcortical aphasia?
Transcortical sensory aphasia is an uncommon form of aphasia that may occur when a lesion functionally isolates Wernicke's areas from the rest of the brain, leaving the reception-to-output sufficiently unimpaired that repetition is preserved; neither speech comprehension nor spontaneous speech remain intact.
What is the difference between motor and sensory aphasia?
Motor aphasia had high levels of 'quiet', 'passive' 'dumb', 'unstable' and 'gloomy' images, while sensory aphasia had high levels of 'noisy', 'unstable', 'cheerful', 'sensitive', 'fluctuating in emotions', 'active', 'dumb' and 'gloomy' images.
What part of the brain causes apraxia?
Apraxia results from dysfunction of the cerebral hemispheres of the brain, especially the parietal lobe, and can arise from many diseases or damage to the brain. There are several kinds of apraxia, which may occur alone or together.
What is difference between Broca's aphasia and transcortical motor aphasia?
1:418:37Broca's and Transcortical Motor Aphasia (Non-fluent ... - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipSo that would mean that technically it may not be Broca's aphasia which is the most common one thatMoreSo that would mean that technically it may not be Broca's aphasia which is the most common one that you hear. It would be transcortical motor aphasia. Which is so similar and the only difference is
What is a Transcortical aphasia?
Transcortical sensory aphasia is an uncommon form of aphasia that may occur when a lesion functionally isolates Wernicke's areas from the rest of the brain, leaving the reception-to-output sufficiently unimpaired that repetition is preserved; neither speech comprehension nor spontaneous speech remain intact.
What is the difference between motor and sensory aphasia?
Motor aphasia had high levels of 'quiet', 'passive' 'dumb', 'unstable' and 'gloomy' images, while sensory aphasia had high levels of 'noisy', 'unstable', 'cheerful', 'sensitive', 'fluctuating in emotions', 'active', 'dumb' and 'gloomy' images.
Where is Transcortical mixed aphasia?
It is usually found deep to and posterior to Wernicke's area in either the temporal or the parietal border zone, or it may be located in both of these sites. Mixed transcortical aphasia is rare. The most striking feature is severely disordered language except in one area—repetition.
What is transcortical motor aphasia?
Transcortical motor aphasia ( TMoA ), also known as commissural dysphasia or white matter dysphasia, results from damage in the anterior superior frontal lobe of the language-dominant hemisphere. This damage is typically due to cerebrovascular accident (CVA). TMoA is generally characterized by reduced speech output, which is a result of dysfunction of the affected region of the brain. The left hemisphere is usually responsible for performing language functions, although left-handed individuals have been shown to perform language functions using either their left or right hemisphere depending on the individual. The anterior frontal lobes of the language-dominant hemisphere are essential for initiating and maintaining speech. Because of this, individuals with TMoA often present with difficulty in speech maintenance and initiation.
What is a dynamic aphasia?
For instance, adynamic aphasia is a form of TMoA that is characterized by sparse speech. This occurs as a result of executive functioning in the frontal lobe. Another form of aphasia related to TMoA is dynamic aphasia.
Why do people with TMOA have a low speech output?
Due to damage in the anterior superior frontal lobe, people with TMoA have deficits in initiation and maintenance of conversations, which results in reduced speech output. A person with TMoA may seldomly produce utterances and typically remain silent.
How is TMoA diagnosed?
TMoA, or any other type of aphasia, is identified and diagnosed through the screening and assessment process. Screening can be conducted by a SLP or other professional when there is a suspected aphasia. The screening does not diagnose aphasia, rather it points to the need for a further comprehensive assessment. A screening typically includes evaluation of oral motor functions, speech production skills, comprehension, use of written and verbal language, cognitive communication, swallowing, and hearing. Both the screening and assessment must be sensitive to the patient's linguistic and cultural differences. An individual will be recommended to receive a comprehensive assessment if their screening shows signs of aphasia. Under the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework, the comprehensive assessment encompasses not only speech and language, but also impairments in body structure and function, co-morbid deficits, limitations in activity and participation, and contextual (environmental and personal) factors. The assessment can be static (current functioning) or dynamic (ongoing) and the assessment tools can be standardized or nonstandardized. Typically, the assessment for aphasia includes a gathering of a case history, a self-report from the patient, an oral-motor examination, assessment of expressive and receptive language in spoken and written forms, and identification of facilitators and barriers to patient success. From this assessment, the SLP will determine type of aphasia and the patient's communicative strengths and weaknesses and how their diagnosis may impact their overall quality of life.
What is the assessment of aphasia?
Typically, the assessment for aphasia includes a gathering of a case history, a self-report from the patient, an oral-motor examination, assessment of expressive and receptive language in spoken and written forms, and identification of facilitators and barriers to patient success.
How to improve word retrieval and initiation difficulties?
To improve word retrieval and initiation difficulties, clinicians may use confrontation naming in which the patient is asked to name various objects and pictures. Depending on the severity, they may also use sentence completion tasks in which the clinician says sentences with the final word (s) missing and expects the patient to fill in the blank. Limited research suggests that nonsymbolic limb movement on the left side (i.e. tapping the left hand on the table) during sentence production can increase verbal initiations. The use of the left arm in left space stimulates initiation mechanisms in the right hemisphere of the brain which can also be used for language allowing individuals to produce more grammatical sentences with higher fluency and more verbal initiation.
Does aphasia affect intensity?
Research has shown that treatment has a direct effect on aphasia outcomes. Intensity, duration and timing of treatment all need to be taken in to consideration when choosing a course of treatment and determining a prognosis. In general, greater intensity leads to greater improvement.
Where is transcortical motor aphasia found?
The lesions that lead to transcortical motor aphasia are typically found on the mesial surface of the anterior left frontal lobe, near supplementary motor cortex, or along the lateral aspect of the left frontal lobe; in either case these lesions fall outside of what is traditionally thought of as Broca's area.
What is transcortical aphasia?
The transcortical aphasias are a group of aphasia syndromes that all have in common a relatively preserved ability to repeat, despite other significant language deficits. Transcortical motor aphasia is similar to Broca’s aphasia; that is, patients exhibit nonfluent speech and relatively good comprehension, but the ability to repeat is relatively preserved. Transcortical sensory aphasia is similar to Wernicke’s aphasia, with patients exhibiting fluent speech and poor comprehension and also a relatively preserved ability to repeat. Finally, mixed transcortical aphasia is similar to global aphasia but with relatively preserved repetition. Compared to the other aphasias, the transcortical aphasias are relatively rare.
What is the difference between Broca's aphasia and transcortical motor apha?
Transcortical Motor Aphasia. The principal difference between transcortical motor aphasia and Broca’s aphasia is in verbal repetition , which is possible in the former and impaired in the latter. Patients with transcortical motor aphasia often have echolalia in the setting of an otherwise nonfluent speech.
What is the term for a lesion that separates the processing of speech from the mechanisms for initiating the action?
Transcortical motor aphasia , another form of the transcortical aphasias, is sometimes known as dynamic aphasia or anterior isolation syndrome. Functionally, the causal lesion separates the processing of speech from the mechanisms for initiating the action to speak.
What is TCMA in medical terms?
Transcortical motor aphasia (TCMA) involves lesions of the left frontal lobe–supplementary motor area (SMA), just anterior and superior to Broca's area. During acute phases, patients may initially present as mute but later develop a clinical profile characterized by normal repetition and comprehension, with limited, slow, and perseverative spontaneous speech.
How can an occupational therapist help with transcortical motor aphasia?
Since the individual is dependent on the listener to initiate, maintain, and repair conversation breakdowns, 56 the occupational therapist can facilitate communication with a patient who has transcortical motor aphasia by providing cues for communication. In addition, the patient will need prompting to use his or her calendar, notebook, and other augmentative systems (see Table 29-3 ).
What are the cognitive limitations of transcortical motor aphasia?
When working with a patient with transcortical motor aphasia, cognitive limitations are subtle and may impede the therapeutic process. Because the cognitive changes are not obvious, the staff may overestimate the patient's ability to perform and become frustrated by the patient's difficulty appreciating the rationale between the goal and the assigned therapeutic activities. The failure to initiate is not limited to speech but also includes ADL. Moreover, the patient's flat affect and lack of engagement with others are notable features of the patient's communication problem.
What is Transcortical Motor Aphasia?
Transcortical Motor Aphasia (TMA or TMoA) is a type of aphasia that is similar to Broca’s aphasia. TMA is due to stroke or brain injury that impacts, but does not directly affect, Broca’s area. Broca’s area is the area of the brain responsible for language production. TMA is the result of a stroke or brain injury that is near Broca’s area. Because of this, Broca’s area can be isolated from other areas of the brain even though it was not directly damaged.
What does TMA mean in speech?
This means that speech is halting with a lot of starts and stops. People with TMA typically have good repetition skills, especially compared to spontaneous speech. For instance, a person with TMA might be able to repeat a long sentence.
How to contact Lingraphica?
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Is TMA more common than Broca's aphasia?
TMA is less common than Broca’s aphasia. People with TMA typically have impairments with spoken language. However, they typically have an easier time with language comprehension. Transcortical Motor Aphasia is a type of non-fluent aphasia. This means that speech is halting with a lot of starts and stops.
What are the different types of transcortical aphasia?
There are three main types of transcortical aphasia: Transcortical motor aphasia. Transcortical sensory aphasia. Mixed transcortical aphasia.
What is aphasia in psychology?
Aphasia is a language deficit that occurs as a result of damage to one or more of the speech areas in the brain. There is more than one speech area in the brain, and the exact location of damage from a stroke determines the pattern of speech loss.
What is a form of hesitant speech called?
Mild transcortical motor aphasia can produce a form of hesitant speech known as telegraphic speech. Transcortical motor aphasia is typically caused by a stroke located nearby Broca’s area, just to the front of it.
What is the most common form of aphasia?
Transcortical aphasia is one of the less common types of aphasia. The more common and well-known forms of aphasia, Broca's aphasia, and Wernicke's aphasia, result from injuries to areas involved in the production of speech (Broca’s aphasia) or the comprehension of speech (Wernicke’s aphasia).
How to help a stroke survivor with aphasia?
Living with aphasia requires patience, as does caring for a stroke survivor who has aphasia. There are several approaches to speech therapy which can help improve speech and communication to help optimize daily life after a stroke. Be sure to convey your concerns about your speech problems to your medical team so that you can be directed to the best rehabilitation available to you, which may help in improving your overall quality of life as you recover from your stroke.
What are the areas of the brain that are affected by language deficits?
Other, less common language deficits can also result when there are injuries to the nerve fibers that carry information between the Wernicke's or the Broca's area , or between these areas and other areas of the brain that process the subtle aspects of language, such as emotion, vocal tone, thinking and facial expressions. 1
Can you repeat a sentence in a mixed transcortical aphasia?
However, with mixed transcortical aphasia, it is usually possible to repeat words or sentences and sing familiar songs. 4 . In this rare type of aphasia, the main areas of language (Broca's and Wernicke's) are not typically damaged, but the surrounding areas, also known as the language association areas, are injured.
Transcortical Motor Aphasia Symptoms
Transcortical motor aphasia is a speech disorder in which patient cant speak properly. He cannot even start a conversation and further maintain it. Executive functions of language are affected which mainly involve Grammer (Syntex) control, patient can't narrate a story or any thing he wants to and language response center is not properly activated.
Transcortical Motor Aphasia Causes
Transcortical motor aphasia occurs due to damage in the frontal lobe of brain. Frontal lobe specifically left hemisphere contains language control center. Usually damage in anterior superior frontal lobe is responsible for transcortical motor aphasia. This damage occurs due to cerebrovascular problem I.e. infarction.
Transcortical Motor Aphasia Treatment
Treatment of transcortical motor aphasia involves speech therapy. Its treatment mainly focus on patients strong hearing conversation and skills of repetition and correcting the reduced speech output of patient. Treatment also covers maintenance of speech and initiation of speech including language.
What is the cause of transcortical motor aphasia?
Transcortical motor aphasia is usually due to Ischemia In the left middle cerebral artery or nearby areas that may involve the anterior cerebral artery. Usually appears due to a stroke in the Frontal lobe Superior of the dominant hemisphere for language (usually the left).
What is dynamic aphasia?
Dynamic (or adynamic) aphasia. It is characterized by the absence of the initiative to speak, because there is a deficit in strategies in the lexical and semantic search or not know how to choose between several verbal responses. On the other hand, understanding, naming and repetition are intact.
How many cases of aphasia are there?
According to the Copenhagen Aphasia Study, of 270 cases of aphasia, only 25 patients (9%) had transcortical aphasia. Specifically, 2% was motor type. On the other hand, transcortical motor aphasia is more frequent (8%) than sensory (3%) when it has been longer after the injury (during the first month after damage).
Which area of the brain is associated with the auditory aspect of words and understanding of language?
And it would be associated with both Wernicke area (Focusing on the auditory aspect of words and understanding of language) and with the Broca area (Centered on the motor aspect of words and expression of speech).
Is aphasia common in Broca?
As we said, it is common for patients with Broca or global aphasia to evolve to this type of aphasia.
Which part of the brain is responsible for interpreting the word "bell"?
In order to understand the word"bell", the information of the posterior temporal cortex (A) activates in the brain the different images that we relate with"bell"that are registered in the cortex in different places depending on: acoustic images (like different sounds of Bells), visual (shape, color of a bell), tactile (hardness, temperature, texture) and motor (movements of the hand associated with ringing a bell).
Who studied a case of aphasia, examining the postmortem brain?
Norman Geschwind studied a case of this type of aphasia, examining the postmortem brain.
What is the most common cause of mixed transcortical aphasia?
That is why another term for mixed transcortical aphasia is isolation aphasia. The most common cause of mixed transcortical aphasia is a watershed stroke, which is a stroke that affects one or more of the watershed regions of the brain.
How to treat mixed transcortical aphasia?
The best way to treat mixed transcortical aphasia, as with most types of aphasia, is through speech therapy. Speech therapy exercises work by activating neuroplasticity.
How Long Does Recovery from Mixed Aphasia Last?
According to most statistics, 60% of stroke patients still have speech problems six months after their stroke. Because mixed transcortical aphasia is a severe form of aphasia though, the recovery may take even longer.
How long does it take for aphasia to heal?
However, while aphasia recovery can take years, improvement is always possible. In fact, even decades after a stroke, neuroplastic changes in the brain can still occur. The brain requires constant stimulation to trigger neuroplasticity. That’s why daily practice of speech therapy exercises is so crucial.
What is the functional opposite of conduction aphasia?
This makes it the functional opposite of conduction aphasia, in which the person cannot repeat any words at all.
Can a mixed transcortical aphasia patient understand speech?
Therefore, the patient may not be able to understand the instructions the speech therapist gives them, which will make participating in CILT difficult, if not impossible.
How to recover from aphasia?
As with all types of aphasia, the best way to recover is to work closely with a speech therapist, who can assess your symptoms and devise a treatment plan that meets your specific needs.
What is sensory aphasia?
Sensory aphasia is caused by damage to the parts of the temporal lobe that surround Wernicke’s area. Other symptoms of transcortical sensory aphasia include: Like transcortical motor aphasia, TSA can vary in severity, depending on how extensive the brain damage is.
What is the test used to diagnose sensory aphasia?
One test commonly used in diagnosis is the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Exam, which specializes in determining the severity of sensory aphasia. Therapists engage in conversation with the patient and observe their responses. Once a diagnosis is made, the course of treatment can begin.
What is the cause of poor auditory comprehension?
There are many types of aphasia, which is a communication disorder caused by neurological injury. One type of aphasia, called transcortical sensory aphasia, can cause poor auditory comprehension. It most commonly occurs after damage to the temporal lobe.
What happens when the temporal lobe is damaged?
When a temporal lobe stroke or brain injury damages the tissue surrounding Wernicke’s area, this can isolate it from the rest of the brain. As a result, problems with language comprehension can occur. Doctor’s call this type of language difficulty transcortical sensory aphasia.
What part of the brain is responsible for language comprehension?
The part of the brain responsible for comprehending language is known as Wernicke’s area and is located in the left temporal lobe. When a temporal lobe stroke or brain injury damages the tissue surrounding Wernicke’s area, this can isolate it from the rest of the brain. As a result, problems with language comprehension can occur.
How to improve neuroplasticity?
This can enable the person to regain their lost function. The most effective way to engage neuroplasticity is through intensive repetition. Therefore, by practicing speech therapy, the patient can increase their chances of recovering their language comprehension.
Why is the carotid artery so isolated from the arterial supply?
Because they are so isolated from the arterial supply, they are especially vulnerable to a decrease in blood flow. The carotid artery is one of the main arteries that supply blood to the areas surrounding Wernicke’s area. Therefore, when a stroke occurs in this artery, it can severely damage these areas and lead to sensory aphasia.
What is the transcortical motor aphasia?
The transcortical motor aphasia It arises from a lesion that leaves the perisilvian language areas and their connections intact, but at the same time isolates them from the associative brain areas. The association areas establish connections between the sensory and motor zones and are in charge of integrating and interpreting the information that comes from those areas, giving it meaning.
Who is the originator of aphasia?
The origin of this type of aphasia is associated with the German Ludwig Lichtheim, who dealt with this issue in his work "Über Aphasie" in 1885. He introduced the so-called "center of concepts" (called B) which was essential to understand aphasia transcortical.
What is the absence of initiative to speak?
It is characterized by the absence of the initiative to speak, by having a deficit in the strategies in the lexical and semantic search or by not knowing how to choose between several verbal responses. Instead, comprehension, naming, and repetition are intact.
Which motor aphaia leaves the periilvian language area?
The trancortical motor aphaia It arie from a leion that leave the periilvian language area and their connection intact, but at the ame time iolate them from the aociative brain area. The aociation are
Is Broca's aphasia transcortical?
According to Hanlon et al. (1999) a type of aphasia called global aphasia without hemiparesis, seems to precede transcortical motor aphasia in some cases. Thus, the symptoms of transcortical motor aphasia appear in more advanced stages, being rare that they appear immediately after the injury.
Overview
Transcortical motor aphasia (TMoA), also known as commissural dysphasia or white matter dysphasia, results from damage in the anterior superior frontal lobe of the language-dominant hemisphere. This damage is typically due to cerebrovascular accident (CVA). TMoA is generally characterized by reduced speech output, which is a result of dysfunction of the affected region of the brain. The left hemisphere is usually responsible for performing language functions, althoug…
Symptoms and signs
TMoA is classified as a non-fluent aphasia that is characterized by a significantly reduced output of speech, but good auditory comprehension. Auditory comprehension skills remain intact because the arcuate fasciculus and Wernicke's area are not impaired. Individuals with TMoA also exhibit good repetition skills and can repeat long, complex phrases effortlessly and without error. However, spontaneous speech often presents with paraphasias (a wide category of speech error…
Causes
Neurological imaging has shown that TMoA is typically caused by an infarct of the anterior superior frontal lobe in the perisylvian area of the left, or language-dominant, hemisphere. The anterior superior frontal lobe is known as the prefrontal cortex which is responsible for the initiation and ideation of verbal speech. The damage leaves the major language networks, Broca's and Wernicke’s areas and the arcuate fasiculus, unaffected. Brain injury can result from a stroke c…
Diagnosis
TMoA is diagnosed by the referring physician and speech-language pathologist (SLP). The overall sign of TMoA is nonfluent, reduced, fragmentary echoic, and perseverative speech with frequent hesitations and pauses. Patients with TMoA also have difficulty initiating and maintaining speech. However, speech articulation and auditory comprehension remain typical. The hallmark sign of TMoA is intact repetition in the presence of these signs and symptoms.
Treatment
Treatment for all types of aphasia, including transcortical motor aphasia, is usually provided by a speech-language pathologist. The SLP chooses specific therapy tasks and goals based on the speech and language abilities and needs of the individual. In general for individuals with TMoA, treatment should capitalize on their strong auditory comprehension and repetition skills and address the individual's reduced speech output and difficulty initiating and maintaining a conver…
Prognosis
In relation to other types of aphasia, TMoA occurs less frequently, so there is less information on its prognosis. In general, for individuals with aphasia, most recovery is seen within 6 months of the stroke or injury although more recovery may continue in the following months or years. The timeline of recovery may look different depending on the type of stroke that caused the aphasia. With an ischemic stroke, recovery is greatest within the first two weeks and then diminishes ove…
See also
• Transcortical sensory aphasia
Causes
Classification
- Transcortical aphasia is one of the less common types of aphasia. The more common and well-known forms of aphasia, Broca's aphasia, and Wernicke's aphasia, result from injuries to areas involved in the production of speech (Brocas aphasia) or the comprehension of speech (Wernickes aphasia).
Language
- Other, less common language deficits can also result when there are injuries to the nerve fibers that carry information between the Wernicke's or the Broca's area, or between these areas and other areas of the brain that process the subtle aspects of language, such as emotion, vocal tone, thinking and facial expressions.
Types
- Transcortical aphasias include types of aphasias that are produced by injuries to or from the many connections that integrate the language areas in the brain. There are three main types of transcortical aphasia:
Symptoms
- Mild transcortical motor aphasia can produce a form of hesitant speech known as telegraphic speech. Transcortical motor aphasia is typically caused by a stroke located nearby Brocas area, just to the front of it. Stroke survivors with this rare type of aphasia cannot comprehend what others say but can speak fluently. Someone with transcortical sens...
Example
- For instance, if your loved one has transcortical sensory aphasia, then when hearing a phrase such as, \"are you home?\" they might repeat a part of the question and say you home or respond to the question with the same phrase are you home?\"This type of aphasia is caused by injuries to areas of the brain which surround Wernickes language area, an area that plays a major role in co…
Prognosis
- Aphasia is one of the most difficult disabilities to live with after a stroke. There are several different speech patterns that can develop after a stroke, and they all make communication difficult, and possibly frustrating for a stroke survivor and loved ones.
Treatment
- Living with aphasia requires patience, as does caring for a stroke survivor who has aphasia. There are several approaches to speech therapy which can help improve speech and communication to help optimize daily life after a stroke. Be sure to convey your concerns about your speech problems to your medical team so that you can be directed to the best rehabilitation available t…