The cause of temporal triangular alopecia is unknown. It is usually sporadic but has been reported to run in families, suggesting a possible genetic link. Temporal triangular alopecia has been reported in a number of genetic conditions, including Down syndrome
Down Syndrome
A genetic disorder typically associated with a characteristic facial appearance, developmental and cognitive delays.
What is Triangular alopecia (triangular hair loss)?
Triangular alopecia, also called congenital or temporal triangular alopecia, is a disease characterized by the appearance of a triangular or oval shaped area in the temporal or frontal region of the head (hence its name), where there is a loss of almost total hair, and permanently.
What is congenital temporal alopecia?
Congenital temporal alopecia is also known as congenital triangular alopecia, congenital temporal triangular alopecia, or, most recently, temporal triangular alopecia. The condition manifests with a unilateral or bilateral patch of nonscarring alopecia in the frontotemporal scalp region, which has the shape of a triangle, oval, or lancet.
What are the treatment options for Triangular alopecia?
Therefore, the main treatment used for triangular alopecia is aesthetic and involves performing a hair transplant in the affected area; of course not in childhood, but once patient reaches adulthood and demands an aesthetic solution to the problem.
What causes hair loss in humans?
It was the first human hair loss disease researchers determined was caused by a single gene defect. Although the condition is generally regarded as a hypotrichosis, it is not strictly so. People with congenital atrichia can be born with a full head of hair like any normal baby.
Is triangular alopecia permanent?
The condition is permanent and the affected skin does not change later in life. Of the 53 reported cases of TTA, more than half (55.8%) were detected in childhood between the ages of 2 and 9 years, while 36.5% were detected at birth and only 3.8% (only two cases) in adulthood.
Can triangular alopecia be treated?
To date, patients diagnosed with TTA have only been treated with complete excision or hair transplantation5. However, our patient's clinical course validated the effectiveness of minoxidil treatment for TTA. Therefore, we report the first successful treatment of TTA with 3% topical minoxidil.
What triggers alopecia?
Hair loss (alopecia) can affect just your scalp or your entire body, and it can be temporary or permanent. It can be the result of heredity, hormonal changes, medical conditions or a normal part of aging. Anyone can lose hair on their head, but it's more common in men.
What type of alopecia is caused by stress?
Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease. It develops when your immune system attacks your hair follicles. This may be triggered by stress, and it can result in hair loss.
Can alopecia be terminal?
Androgenetic alopecia is a genetically predetermined disorder due to an excessive response to androgens. This condition affects up to 50 percent of males and females and is characterized by progressive loss of terminal hair of the scalp any time after puberty.
Does M-shaped hairline mean balding?
If your hairline is about the width of your finger above the top wrinkle, you probably have a mature hairline. If it's receding onto your scalp, it may mean balding. The shape is an M or a widow's peak. An M-shaped hairline removes the round curves of the young hairline and makes a more defined hairline.
Why is my immune system attacking my hair follicles?
Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease. This means that your immune system mistakenly attacks a part of your body. When you have alopecia areata, cells in your immune system surround and attack your hair follicles (the part of your body that makes hair).
Who is more likely to get alopecia?
Men and women get it equally, and it affects all racial and ethnic groups. The onset can be at any age, but most people get it in their teens, twenties, or thirties. When it occurs in children younger than age 10, it tends to be more extensive and progressive.
Can lack of sleep cause alopecia areata?
This study demonstrated that sleep disorder is an independent risk factor for alopecia areata, especially in individuals under the age of 45 years old.
What is the best vitamin for hair loss?
BiotinBiotin. Biotin (vitamin B7) is important for cells inside your body. Low levels of it can cause hair loss, skin rashes, and brittle nails.
Is alopecia life threatening?
Alopecia areata is not life-threatening and does not cause physical pain. However, the psychosocial effects of hair loss can be devastating. In addition, patients may experience symptoms related to hair loss, such as increased eye or nasal irritation after loss of eyelash or nasal hair.
What causes alopecia in females?
When testosterone and estrogen, the female sex hormone, are unbalanced in women, DHT can trigger androgenic alopecia. This can happen before menopause or with other hormonal conditions, Beverly Hills-based dermatologist Tsippora Shainhouse, MD, FAAD, tells WebMD Connect to Care.
What is the name of the disorder in which the scalp is alopecia?
In the Hallermann–Streiff syndrome (oculomandibulo-dyscephaly), hypotrichosis of the scalp, eyebrows, and eyelids is associated with dwarfism, beaked nose, and brachycephaly. The alopecia is most prominent at the frontal and parietal areas and is especially marked along suture lines. Axillary and pubic hair may also be scant, and cutaneous atrophy, largely limited to the scalp and nose, may appear as thin taut skin and prominent underlying blood vessels. Other features include frontal and parietal bossing, mandibular hypoplasia, microphthalmia, low-set ears, thin and small lips, high-arched palate, atrophy of the skin of the face, congenital cataracts, blue sclerae, motor and, occasionally, mental retardation, and dental abnormalities.
What is cartilage hair hypoplasia?
The cartilage-hair hypoplasia syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder that occurs primarily in inbred Amish or Finnish populations. 109,110 Patients have short limbs and sparse, fine scalp and body hair. Several patients with hyperextensible digits and soft, doughy skin, reflecting degenerated elastic tissue, have been described. 111 Defective cell-mediated immunity is seen in most patients, and results in relative anergy, altered T-cell responses, and increased susceptibility to severe viral infections, particularly varicella. 112 Patients may have infantile neutropenia, Diamond–Blackfan anemia, severe combined immunodeficiency, celiac syndrome, and/or toxic megacolon. Mild to severe bronchiectasis has been noted in >50% of patients. 113 Approximately 10% develop malignancy, especially lymphoreticular; an increased prevalence of early basal cell carcinomas has also been described. 114 The disorder results from mutations in RNAase MRP, which cleaves RNA in mitochondria DNA synthesis and pre-rRNA in the nucleolus. 115
How many cases of TTA are associated with phakomatosis pigmentovascularis?
Yamakazi et al. also found that four cases of TTA were associated with phakomatosis pigmentovascularis. 14 In 2000, Kim et al. additionally reported 3 cases of TTA in association with phakomatosis pigmentovascularis; an underlying pathogenesis or association remains to be deduced. 15
What is trichorhinophalangeal syndrome?
Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome I is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by a distinctive facies with pear-shaped nose, elongated philtrum, thin upper lip, supernumerary incisors, and receding chin ( Fig. 7.13 ); and skeletal abnormalities, including brachydactyly, deviation of the middle phalanges ( Fig. 7.14 ), hip malformation, and short stature. 117,118 Most patients show fine, sparse, slow-growing hair, but almost normal hair to complete baldness have been described. The underlying molecular basis is mutation in TRPS1, which encodes a transcription factor. Individuals with trichorhinophalangeal syndrome II ( Langer–Giedion syndrome) have associated multiple cartilaginous exostoses. The diagnosis is made by the demonstration of cone-shaped epiphyses of the fingers seen on plain radiography. These findings may not be detectable until 3 years of age or older. The type II form is a contiguous gene syndrome, with deletion of both the TRPS1 gene and the gene that is mutated in multiple exostosis type I ( EXT1 ). Type III TRPS results from mutations in TRPS1, but manifests with much more severe short stature and generalized shortening of all phalanges and metacarpals than TRPS1. 119
How many cases of TTA are there?
Most cases present in early childhood and are sporadic in inheritance. Yamakazi et al. reviewed 52 cases of TTA and found that the most common age of presentation was between 2 and 9 years, with equal gender predilection, and found that 3 cases occurred with a familial precedent. 14
Which glands are underdeveloped in children at prepubertal age?
The sebaceous glands are underdeveloped in children at prepubertal age.
Is tinea capitis more common in adults than in children?
Tinea capitis is more common in adults than in children.
What is triangular alopecia?
Temporal alopecia and Temporal triangular alopecia (TTA) TTA is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. Triangular alopecia is hair loss that may be congenital but usually appears in childhood as a focal patch of loss that may be complete or leaving fine vellus hairs behind.
How many cases of TTA are there?
The condition is permanent and the affected skin does not change later in life. Of the 53 reported cases of TTA, more than half (55.8%) were detected in childhood between the ages of 2 and 9 years, while 36.5% were detected at birth and only 3.8% (only two cases) in adulthood.
Is hair loss progressive or non-progressive?
The suggested frequency for this condition in the general population is around 0.11%. The hair loss is non-progressive and does not expand beyond these areas. It is a non-inflammatory, non-scarring form of hair loss easily confused with alopecia areata. In one report, the condition was incorrectly believed by the parents to be induced by doctors inserting intravenous cannulas into scalp vessels during the neonatal period. The condition is permanent and the affected skin does not change later in life.
What is triangular alopecia?
Triangular alopecia (alopecia triangularis) is a condition similar to congenital aplasia. It is usually apparent from birth and tends to affect a triangular patch of skin and hair above the temples. For unknown reasons, the skin fails to grow hair follicles in this area in a few people. While babies are not born with open ulcers as with aplasia cutis congenita, the long-term result is much the same -- a bald patch where hair does not grow. The affected area can be surgically removed or implanted with hair follicles taken from elsewhere on the scalp.
What is the term for a condition where there is no hair growth?
Congenital Atrichia. Hypotrichosis is the term dermatologists use to describe a condition of no hair growth. Unlike alopecia, which describes hair loss where formerly there was hair growth, hypotrichosis describes a situation where there wasn't any hair growth in the first place. Hypotrichoses (plural) then are conditions ...
What is the term for a defect in the skin that does not fully form as an embryo?
Congenital Aplasia. Aplasia cutis congenita, or congenital aplasia, is a developmental defect where, for reasons not understood, the skin does not fully form as an embryo develops. A baby may be born with a patch of skin that is like an open wound or an ulcer.
What are the two cells that make up hair follicles?
Normal hair follicles rely on chemical communication between two basic cells types: modified keratinocytes, which form the outer skin epithelium, and modified fibroblasts, called dermal papilla cells . These two cell groups must "talk" to each other through biochemical signals to ensure that hair growth and cycling occurs. The cells must stay in close contact with each other to keep the process going. One cell population cannot grow hair without receiving signals from the other cell population.
Which cell in the hair follicle retracts?
The epithelial cell component of the hair follicle retracts, as it should when hair follicles go into the resting phase of the hair cycle. Normally the dermal papilla cells would also go with the retracting epithelial cells, keeping in close contact, but in congenital atrichia they don't.
Can congenital atrichia be born with a full head of hair?
Although the condition is generally regarded as a hypotrichosis, it is not strictly so. People with congenital atrichia can be born with a full head of hair like any normal baby. But in early childhood they lose all their hair, and it never regrows.
Can one cell population grow hair without receiving signals from the other cell population?
One cell population cannot grow hair without receiving signals from the other cell population. The mechanism of congenital atrichia is not fully understood, but it seems that as the hair follicles enter their first resting (telogen) state in early childhood, the two cell types get separated from each other.
