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What did Linus Pauling study in college?
Linus Carl Pauling was born in Portland, Oregon, on February 28, 1901. He received his early education in Oregon, finishing in 1922 with a bachelor's degree in chemical engineering from Oregon Agricultural College in Corvallis — now Oregon State University.
Where did Linus Pauling teach?
Linus Pauling Biographical Timeline1901Born in Portland, Oregon.1914A friend of Linus Pauling shows him a chemical experiment, triggering Pauling's fascination with chemistry.1917Enters Oregon Agricultural College (OAC - now Oregon State University) to study chemical engineering.26 more rows
What did Linus Pauling do chemistry?
Pauling is probably best known for working out the nature of the chemical bond, yet he also discovered (among many other accomplishments) the cause of sickle cell anemia, developed an accurate oxygen meter for submarines, helped create synthetic plasma, and determined the structure of proteins.
How many PHDS did Linus Pauling have?
forty-seven honorary doctoratesBy the time of his death, Pauling had been awarded forty-seven honorary doctorates.
Who refused the Nobel Prize in Literature?
author Jean-Paul SartreThe 59-year-old author Jean-Paul Sartre declined the Nobel Prize in Literature, which he was awarded in October 1964. He said he always refused official distinctions and did not want to be “institutionalised”.
Who won two Nobel Prizes in physics?
John BardeenJohn Bardeen is the only laureate who has been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics twice, in 1956 and 1972. This means that a total of 218 individuals have received the Nobel Prize in Physics. Click on the links to get more information.
Who discovered the vitamin C?
Albert Szent-GyörgyiScurvy was among many diseases suffered due to malnutrition. It wasn't until the 1930's that Albert Szent-Györgyi discovered the chemical ascorbic acid—also known as vitamin C—that enables the body to efficiently use carbohydrates, fats, and protein. His discovery was among the foundations of modern nutrition.
How much vitamin C did Linus Pauling take every day?
Over the next few years, Pauling upped his intake of vitamin C, eventually taking 18,000 mg per day. Vitamin C became his scientific obsession. In 1970, Pauling came out with his book Vitamin C and the Common Cold, where he encouraged Americans to consume 3,000 mg of vitamin C daily.
What did Linus Pauling do with DNA?
Pauling's discoveries contributed to Watson and Crick's breakthrough of the DNA double helix. Pauling made it possible for geneticists to crack the DNA code of all organisms and develop techniques to help prevent the inheritance of genetic disorders.
How can I live longer and feel better?
13 Habits Linked to a Long Life (Backed by Science)Avoid overeating. The link between calorie intake and longevity currently generates a lot of interest. ... Eat more nuts. ... Try out turmeric. ... Eat plenty of healthy plant foods. ... Stay physically active. ... Don't smoke. ... Moderate your alcohol intake. ... Prioritize your happiness.More items...•
Who was awarded the Nobel Prize for his work not on crystals *?
Daniel Shechtman, 70, a researcher at Technion-Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa, received the award for discovering seemingly impossible crystal structures in frozen gobbets of metal that resembled the beautiful patterns seen in Islamic mosaics.
At what institution of higher learning did Pauling earn his PHD degree?
Pauling earned his doctorate at the California Institute of Technology, CalTech.
Where did Pauling go to college?
For postgraduate study, Pauling went to the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), which provided a stipend for research and teaching. In 1925 he received a Ph.D. in chemistry and mathematical physics.
Where was Linus Pauling born?
Linus Carl Pauling was born in Portland, Oregon, on February 28, 1901. He received his early education in Oregon, finishing in 1922 with a bachelor's degree in chemical engineering from Oregon Agricultural College in Corvallis — now Oregon State University.
What did Linus Pauling do to explain the bonding phenomenon?
from Europe. Quantum mechanics enabled Pauling to explain the bonding phenomenon theoretically in a far more satisfactory way than before. He began to formulate generalizations regarding the atomic arrangements in crystals with ionic bonding, in which negatively charged electrons, orbiting around the positively charged nucleus, are transferred from one atom to another. “Pauling's Rules” proved of great value in deciphering and interpreting ionic structures, particularly the complex ones of many silicate minerals.
Why did Linus Pauling leave Caltech?
In 1964 Linus Pauling left his tenured professorship at Caltech because of pressure from administrators and conservative trustees who disapproved of his prominent, persistent anti-nuclear and international peace-promoting activities. Pauling had been at the Institute for 42 years — first as a graduate student, then as a faculty member. (In 1937 he was appointed Chairman of its Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Director of the Gates and Crellin Laboratories — positions that he had abdicated in 1958 under administrative pressure.)
What did Linus Pauling recommend?
Popular books in which Linus Pauling detailed his nutritional recommendations are Vitamin C and the Common Cold, Cancer and Vitamin C (with Ewan Cameron, M.D.), and How to Live Longer and Feel Better.
How many articles did Linus Pauling write?
Of the over 1,000 articles and books he published as sole or joint author, about two-thirds are on scientific subjects.
Why is it hard to define Linus Pauling?
Because of his dynamic personality and his many accomplishments in widely diverse fields, it is hard to define Linus Pauling adequately. A remarkable man who insistently addressed certain crucial human problems while pursuing an amazing array of scientific interests, Dr. Pauling was almost as well known to the American public as he was to the world's scientific community. He is the only person ever to receive two unshared Nobel Prizes — for Chemistry (1954) and Peace (1962).
What major did Pauling go to?
Pauling, as a senior, teaches course in "Chemistry for Home Economics Majors" and he meets a student who will become his wife, Ava Helen Miller. Pauling graduates OAC with a B.S. in chemical engineering.
Where was Linus Pauling born?
Linus Pauling Biographical Timeline. Born in Portland, Oregon. Family moves to Condon, Oregon. Linus's father, Herman Pauling, dies at the age of 33. Linus, his mother, and his two sisters move to and manage a Portland boarding house. A friend of Linus Pauling shows him a chemical experiment, triggering Pauling's fascination with chemistry.
Where did Pauling die?
Pauling dies at his California ranch. He leaves more than 400,000 journals, scientific writings, papers, models, and other scientific memorabilia to his undergraduate alma mater, Oregon State University. The collection makes up one of the great scientific archives of the 20th century. 1996.
Who was the youngest member of the National Academy of Sciences?
Pauling 's paper on "The Nature of the Chemical Bond" is published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1933. Pauling is elected — the youngest member ever — to the National Academy of Sciences.
Who invited Pauling to join the Atomic Scientists?
At the invitation of Albert Einstein, Pauling becomes a member of the Emergency Committee of Atomic Scientists.
Is Linus Pauling Institute of Science and Medicine a non profit organization?
Founds, with Arthur B. Robinson and Keene Dimick, the Institute of Orthomolecular Medicine as a non-profit health research organization, which becomes The Linus Pauling Institute of Science & Medicine.
Where was Linus Pauling born?
Linus Pauling was born in Portland, Oregon, in the United States. His family came from a line of Prussian farmers, and his father worked as a pharmaceuticals salesman, among other things. After first studying at Oregon State University in Corvallis, Oregon, Linus Pauling earned his PhD from the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, with which he maintained ties for the rest of his career. In the 1950s, Linus Pauling's involvement in the anti-nuclear movement led to his being labeled a suspected communist, which resulted in his passport being revoked at times. Linus and Ava Helen Pauling had four children together.
What did Linus Pauling do?
Linus Pauling worked in a broad range of areas within chemistry. For example, he worked on the structures of biologically important chemical compounds. In 1951 he published the structure of the alpha helix, which is an important basic component of many proteins.
How many children did Linus Pauling have?
Linus and Ava Helen Pauling had four children together.
How many Nobel Prizes has Linus Pauling won?
One person, Linus Pauling, has been awarded two undivided Nobel Prizes. In 1954 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
Where did Linus Pauling go to school?
He dropped out of Washington High School and disobeyed his mother, who wanted him to go to work, to study chemical engineering at Oregon Agricultural College (now Oregon State University) because it charged no tuition. When his funds ran out, he student-taught chemistry to earn his living expenses. While at OAC, he fell in love with one of his students, Ava Helen Pauling;they were married in Salem in 1923.
What did Linus Pauling do?
His work advanced the fields of structural chemistry, x-ray crystallography, electron diffraction, quantum mechanics, biochemistry, molecular psychiatry, nuclear physics, anesthesia, immunology, and vitamin studies. Pauling also helped corral nuclear testing and changed world attitudes toward nutrition. The author of eleven books and hundreds of papers, he received 47 honorary degrees and more than 500 scientific awards and medals.
What did Pauling do to help scientists?
This approach served to dramatically increase scientists’ understanding of biomolecules such as hemoglobin and antibodies. Decades of work yielded countless new insights and at least two great triumphs: a groundbreaking theory of the cause of sickle-cell anemia, in which for the first time a defect in a molecule was linked directly to a human disease; and a series of historic papers describing at the atomic level the secondary structure of proteins (i.e., the alpha helix and beta pleated sheet). Pauling’s work inspired two young researchers named James Watson and Frances Crick to solve the structure of DNA (Pauling’s own attempt failed). For his career achievements, Pauling was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1954.
What was Pauling's most famous work?
One of his works from this period, The Nature of the Chemical Bond (1939), became one of the century’s most influential science texts.
Where was Pauling born?
Pauling was born in 1901 in Portland and spent much of his early childhood in Condon. His father, Herman Pauling, a pharmacist, died when Pauling was nine years old, throwing Pauling, his mother Lucy Isabelle ("Belle") Darling Pauling, and his sisters Pauline and Lucile into poverty. To make ends meet, his mother ran a boarding house on Hawthorne Boulevard in Portland.
What did Pauling do to help the world?
His work was generally attacked or discounted by the mainstream medical community, although he spurred millions worldwide to change their dietary habits. Sales of vitamin C soared. The debate continued after Pauling’s 1994 death from cancer.
What university did Pauling go to?
Pauling also set up a photography laboratory with two friends. In September 1917, Pauling was finally admitted by Oregon State University. He immediately resigned from the machinist's job and informed his mother, who saw no point in a university education, of his plans.
Where did Pauling go to graduate school?
He went on to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) in Pasadena, California, under the guidance of Roscoe Dickinson and Richard Tolman.
Why did Pauling leave Caltech?
His peace activism, his frequent travels, and his enthusiastic expansion into chemical-biomedical research all aroused opposition at Caltech. In 1958, the Caltech Board of Trustees demanded that Pauling step down as chairman of the Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division. : 2 Although he had retained tenure as a full professor, Pauling chose to resign from Caltech after he received the Nobel peace prize money. He spent the next three years at the Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions (1963–1967). In 1967, he moved to the University of California at San Diego, but remained there only briefly, leaving in 1969 in part because of political tensions with the Reagan-era board of regents. : 3 From 1969 to 1974, he accepted a position as Professor of Chemistry at Stanford University.
How long did it take Pauling to explain the structure of hemoglobin?
It took eleven years for Pauling to explain the problem: his mathematical analysis was correct, but Astbury's pictures were taken in such a way that the protein molecules were tilted from their expected positions. Pauling had formulated a model for the structure of hemoglobin in which atoms were arranged in a helical pattern, and applied this idea to proteins in general.
What classes did Pauling take?
In his first semester, Pauling registered for two courses in chemistry, two in mathematics, mechanical drawing, introduction to mining and use of explosives, modern English prose, gymnastics and military drill.
Why did Pauling become interested in chemistry?
Pauling attributes his interest in becoming a chemist to being amazed by experiments conducted by a friend, Lloyd A. Jeffress, who had a small chemistry lab kit. He later wrote: "I was simply entranced by chemical phenomena, by the reactions in which substances, often with strikingly different properties, appear; and I hoped to learn more and more about this aspect of the world."
How much does Pauling make a month?
Schwietzerhoff, who hired him as an apprentice machinist at a salary of $40 per month (equivalent to $940 in 2019). This was soon raised to $50 per month. Pauling also set up a photography laboratory with two friends.
Where was Linus Pauling born?
Beginnings. Linus Carl Pauling was born on February 28, 1901 in Portland, Oregon, USA . He was the first of three children in the financially stretched family of Herman Henry William Pauling, a pharmaceuticals salesman, and Lucy Isabelle Darling. From an early age Linus enjoyed mathematics and discovering how the world worked.
Where did Linus go to college?
By the time he was 15, Linus had the school credits he needed to enroll at Oregon State Agricultural College in Corvallis (now Oregon State University).
Why was Pauling called a quack?
In his final years he was labeled a quack for championing the use of high doses of vitamin C in cancer treatments. In an extraordinary and long life Pauling was the sole recipient of two Nobel Prizes – an unequaled achievement – the first for chemistry and the second for peace. Advertisements.
Why did Pauling win the Nobel Prize?
In 1954 Pauling was the sole recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, “for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances.”.
How old was Pauling when he became an assistant chemistry instructor?
The college made Pauling an assistant chemistry instructor. Age just 18 , he could now support his mother financially and continue his degree course. But it was very hard work.
What jobs did Pauling work?
Pauling needed to pay his own way through college. After leaving school he worked hard in a variety of jobs including milk delivery boy and shipyard laborer.
Why did Pauling study chemical bonding?
He wanted to understand how electrons arrange themselves around nuclei so that the overall mutual attraction allows atoms to form stable molecules.
What was the first graduate school for Pauling?
He enrolled in the first graduate program that offered adequate support, choosing a fledgling Pasadena research school, the California Institute of Technology, or Cal tech. Pauling became one of the first chemistry students in an outstanding doctoral program designed and overseen by the famed chemist Arthur Amos Noyes.
Who is Linus Pauling?
Linus Pauling was born 28 February 1901 in Portland, Oregon, to a self-taught druggist, Herman Henry William Pauling , ...
What did Pauling do at Caltech?
Pauling returned to Caltech in 1927 as a faculty member, and began to apply quantum mechanics to problems of chemical structure and function.
How many children does Pauling have?
At the age of 38, Pauling was a full professor and head of the chemistry division at Caltech, the youngest member ever elected to membership in the National Academy of Sciences, and the father of four children (three sons, Linus, Jr., Peter, and Crellin, and a daughter, Linda).
What did Pauling do in 1922?
By the time he graduated as a chemical engineer in 1922 he had set his sights on answering one of the most important questions of chemistry: how did atoms bond together to form molecules? In order to find out, he turned from chemical engineering to chemical theory. He enrolled in the first graduate program that offered adequate support, choosing a fledgling Pasadena research school, the California Institute of Technology, or Caltech. Pauling became one of the first chemistry students in an outstanding doctoral program designed and overseen by the famed chemist Arthur Amos Noyes.
What did Pauling do in high school?
At age 16 Pauling dropped out to enroll at Oregon Agricultural College (now Oregon State University), intending to pursue a degree in chemical engineering.
How did Linus Pauling's father die?
Linus received a strong blow at age nine when his father died of a perforating ulcer, leaving a wife, son, and two daughters on the edge of poverty. Belle Pauling, stunned by her husband's sudden death and disabled by pernicious anemia, spent her remaining years running a boarding house on the outskirts of Portland.
What is Linus Pauling known for?
As a man of diverse accomplishments, he passionately spoke out against the development of nuclear weapons and the dangers associated with it, while he continued to pursue an amazing array of scientific interests. He was a great orator and gave numerous public speeches on the need for abandoning nuclear testing and was often invited as a speaker at conferences, political rallies, commencements, and media programs. This multi-faceted genius had a zest for communication and the ability to explain complex medical and scientific information in simple terms that a lay man could comprehend. He authored numerous articles and books on various topics like peace activism, health and science. Some of his well-known books include ‘Vitamin C and the Common Cold’, ‘Cancer and Vitamin C’ and ‘How to Live Longer and Feel Better’. To learn more interesting facts about his personal life, peace advocacy campaigns and other scientific achievements, scroll down and continue to read this biography.
When did Pauling become a professor?
Career. In 1927 , he became the assistant professor of ‘theoretical chemistry’ at the California Institute of Technology and during his five year stay at the institute he published fifty papers and invented the ‘Pauling’s rules’.
What did Pauling do in 1932?
He introduced the concept of ‘electronegativity’ and established the ‘Pauling Electro negativity Scale’ , a tool to predict ‘bond between atoms and molecules’ .
When did Pauling invent the Pauling rules?
In 1927, he became the assistant professor of ‘theoretical chemistry’ at the California Institute of Technology and during his five year stay at the institute he published fifty papers and invented the ‘Pauling’s rules’.
Who did Arnold Sommerfeld study with?
In 1926, he was awarded the Guggenheim Fellowship to study under German physicist Arnold Sommerfeld in Munich, Danish physicist Niels Bohr in Copenhagen and Austrian physicist Erwin Schr�dinger in Z�rich.
