The Hundred Years’ War (French: La guerre de Cent Ans; 1337–1453) was a series of conflicts between the kingdoms of England and France during the Late Middle Ages. It originated from disputed claims to the French throne between the English royal House of Plantagenet and the French royal House of Valois. What caused the Hundred Years War
Hundred Years' War
The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Plantagenet, rulers of the Kingdom of England, against the French House of Valois, over the right to rule the Kingdom of France. Each side drew many allies into the war. It was one of the most n…
When did the Hundred Years'War start and end?
Anglo-French wars. The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Plantagenet, rulers of the Kingdom of England, against the French House of Valois, over the right to rule the Kingdom of France.
How did the Hundred Years'War affect England and France?
Despite the devastation on its soil, the Hundred Years' War accelerated the process of transforming France from a feudal monarchy to a centralised state. In England the political and financial troubles which emerged from the defeat were a major cause of the War of the Roses (1455–1487).
What were the three phases of the Hundred Years'War?
Historians commonly divide the war into three phases separated by truces: the Edwardian War (1337–1360), the Caroline War (1369–1389), and the Lancastrian War (1415–1453).
How did the Treaty of Versailles end the Hundred Years War?
The treaty formally ended the Hundred Years' War with Edward renouncing his claim to the throne of France. However, future Kings of England (and later of Great Britain) continued to claim the title until 1803, when they were dropped in deference to the exiled Count of Provence, titular King Louis XVIII,...
Which countries fought during the Hundred Years War?
The name the Hundred Years' War has been used by historians since the beginning of the nineteenth century to describe the long conflict that pitted the kings and kingdoms of France and England against each other from 1337 to 1453.
Who fought in the Hundred Years War and why?
The Hundred Years' War was fought from 1337 to 1453 between England and France. The major points of conflict for the two countries were the English claim to the French throne and to England's land holdings in France.
Why did the two countries fought the Hundred Years War?
Hundred Years' War, (1337–1453)Intermittent armed conflict between England and France over territorial rights and the issue of succession to the French throne. It began when Edward III invaded Flanders in 1337 in order to assert his claim to the French crown.
Who played a major role in the Hundred Years War?
Edward of Woodstock, the Black Prince (1330 – 1376) The eldest son of King Edward III of England, the Black Prince was one of the most successful military commanders during the conflicts of the Hundred Years' War. As the eldest son of King Edward III, he was heir apparent to the English throne.
Who ended the Hundred Years War?
On August 29, 1475, English King Edward IV and French King Louis XI met at Picquigny, France, and decided upon a seven years' truce, agreeing in the future to settle their differences by negotiation rather than by force of arms.
Why were England and France always at war?
The war began because of two main reasons: England wanted control of the English-owned, French-controlled region of Aquitaine, and the English royal family was also after the French crown. The sheer duration of this conflict means that there were many developments and lots of battles, too – 56 battles to be precise!
Which two countries have been at war the most?
The Countries That Have Had The Most WarsNumberCountryWars1Spain300+2France250+3Hungary1904United Kingdom18026 more rows
What is longest war in history?
the ReconquistaThe longest war in history is believed to be the Reconquista (Spanish for Reconquest), with a duration of 781 years.
Why were England and France always at war?
The war began because of two main reasons: England wanted control of the English-owned, French-controlled region of Aquitaine, and the English royal family was also after the French crown. The sheer duration of this conflict means that there were many developments and lots of battles, too – 56 battles to be precise!
What led to the Hundred Years War?
The Hundred Years' War (1337-1453) was an intermittent conflict between England and France lasting 116 years. It began principally because King Edward III (r. 1327-1377) and Philip VI (r. 1328-1350) escalated a dispute over feudal rights in Gascony to a battle for the French Crown.
What happened in the Hundred Years War?
England loses all continental possessions except for the Pale of Calais. The Hundred Years' War was one of the most significant conflicts of the Middle Ages. For 116 years, interrupted by several truces, five generations of kings from two rival dynasties fought for the throne of the dominant kingdom in Western Europe.
Where was the 100 Years War fought?
FranceLow CountriesHundred Years' War/Locations
What was the Hundred Years’ War?
The Hundred Years’ War was an intermittent struggle between England and France in the 14th–15th century. At the time, France was the richest, large...
When did the Hundred Years’ War start?
By convention, the Hundred Years’ War is said to have started on May 24, 1337, with the confiscation of the English-held duchy of Guyenne by French...
How did the Hundred Years’ War end?
On August 29, 1475, English King Edward IV and French King Louis XI met at Picquigny, France, and decided upon a seven years’ truce, agreeing in th...
What was the cause of the war between France and England?
The outbreak of war was motivated by a gradual rise in tension between the kings of France and England over territory; the official pretext was the question that arose because of the interruption of the direct male line of the Capetian dynasty.
Who led the French in the Civil War?
The English crown supported Peter; the French supported Henry. French forces were led by Bertrand du Guesclin, a Breton, who rose from relatively humble beginnings to prominence as one of France's war leaders. Charles V provided a force of 12,000, with du Guesclin at their head, to support Trastámara in his invasion of Castile.
What happened in 1340?
On 22 June 1340, Edward and his fleet sailed from England and the next day arrived off the Zwin estuary. The French fleet assumed a defensive formation off the port of Sluis. The English fleet deceived the French into believing they were withdrawing. When the wind turned in the late afternoon, the English attacked with the wind and sun behind them. The French fleet was almost completely destroyed in what became known as the Battle of Sluys .
What were the local conflicts in Aragon?
Local conflicts in neighbouring areas, which were contemporarily related to the war, including the War of the Breton Succession (1341–1365), the Castilian Civil War (1366–1369), the War of the Two Peters (1356–1369) in Aragon , and the 1383–85 crisis in Portugal, were used by the parties to advance their agendas.
When was Henry VI crowned king?
Henry VI was crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey on 5 November 1429 and king of France at Notre-Dame, in Paris, on 16 December 1431.
When was the first battle with cannons?
The first Western image of a battle with cannon: the Siege of Orléans in 1429. From Les Vigiles de Charles VII, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris.
Was France an ally of Scotland?
France was an ally of the Kingdom of Scotland as English kings had for some time tried to subjugate the area. In 1295, a treaty was signed between France and Scotland during the reign of Philip the Fair known as the Auld Alliance. Charles IV formally renewed the treaty in 1326, promising Scotland that France would support the Scots if England invaded their country. Similarly, France would have Scotland's support if its own kingdom were attacked. Edward could not succeed in his plans for Scotland if the Scots could count on French support.
When did the Hundred Years War end?
The Hundred Years War ended when the French defeated the English at the Battle of Castillon in 1453.
Who allied himself with Henry V and the English?
Phillip the son of John the Fearless (Duke of Burgundy) allied himself with Henry V and the English in the Anglo-Burgundian Alliance.
Summary
The Hundred Years' War (French: La guerre de Cent Ans; Picard: Dgère d'Un Chint Ans; 1337–1453) was a series of armed conflicts between the kingdoms of England and France during the Late Middle Ages. It originated from disputed claims to the French throne between the English House of Plantagenet and the French royal House of Valois. Over time, the war grew into a broader power str…
Overview
The root causes of the conflict can be traced to the crisis of 14th-century Europe. The outbreak of war was motivated by a gradual rise in tension between the kings of France and England over territory; the official pretext was the question that arose because of the interruption of the direct male line of the Capetian dynasty.
Tensions between the French and English crowns had gone back centuries to the origins of the …
Causes and prelude
The question of female succession to the French throne was raised after the death of Louis X in 1316. Louis X left only one daughter, and John I of France, who only lived for five days. Furthermore, the paternity of his daughter was in question, as her mother, Margaret of Burgundy, had been exposed as an adulterer in the Tour de Nesle affair. Philip, Count of Poitiers, brother of Louis X, positioned himself to take the crown, advancing the stance that women should be inelig…
Beginning of the war: 1337–1360
At the end of April 1337, Philip of France was invited to meet the delegation from England but refused. The arrière-ban, literally a call to arms, was proclaimed throughout France starting on 30 April 1337. Then, in May 1337, Philip met with his Great Council in Paris. It was agreed that the Duchy of Aquitaine, effectively Gascony, should be taken back into the king's hands on the grounds that Edward III was in breach of his obligations as vassal and had sheltered the king's '…
First peace: 1360–1369
The French king, John II, had been held captive in England. The Treaty of Brétigny set his ransom at 3 million crowns and allowed for hostages to be held in lieu of John. The hostages included two of his sons, several princes and nobles, four inhabitants of Paris, and two citizens from each of the nineteen principal towns of France. While these hostages were held, John returned to France to try and raise funds to pay the ransom. In 1362 John's son Louis of Anjou, a hostage in English …
French ascendancy under Charles V: 1369–1389
In 1366 there was a civil war of succession in Castile (part of modern Spain). The forces of the ruler Peter of Castile were pitched against those of his half-brother Henry of Trastámara. The English crown supported Peter; the French supported Henry. French forces were led by Bertrand du Guesclin, a Breton, who rose from relatively humble beginnings to prominence as one of France's war leaders. Charles V provided a force of 12,000, with du Guesclin at their head, to sup…
Second peace: 1389–1415
The war became increasingly unpopular with the English public due to the high taxes needed for the war effort. These taxes were seen as one of the reasons for the Peasants' Revolt. Richard II's indifference to the war together with his preferential treatment of a select few close friends and advisors angered an alliance of lords that included one of his uncles. This group, known as Lords Appellant, managed to press charges of treason against five of Richard's advisors and friends i…
Resumption of the war under Henry V: 1415–1429
In August 1415, Henry V sailed from England with a force of about 10,500 and laid siege to Harfleur. The city resisted for longer than expected, but finally surrendered on 22 September. Because of the unexpected delay, most of the campaign season was gone. Rather than march on Paris directly, Henry elected to make a raiding expedition across France toward English-occupied Calais. In a campaign reminiscent of Crécy, he found himself outmanoeuvred and low on supplie…