Where is the Kingdom of Burgundy?
Kingdom of Burgundy was a name given to various states located in Western Europe during the Middle Ages. The historical Burgundy correlates with the border area of France, Italy and Switzerland and includes the major modern cities of Geneva and Lyon .
What is the origin of Burgundy?
Burgundy (/ˈbɜːrɡəndi/; French: Bourgogne [buʁɡɔɲ] (listen)) is a historical territory and a former administrative region of France. It takes its name from the Burgundians, an East Germanic people who moved westwards beyond the Rhine during the late Roman period.
Is the Duchy of Burgundy part of France?
It should not be confused with the more westerly Duchy of Burgundy, a fiefdom of France since 843. The area once formed part of the Kingdom of the Burgundians, which had been annexed by the Franks in 534 and incorporated into the Kingdom of the Franks.
What was the Burgundian state?
This Burgundian State consisted of a number of fiefdoms on both sides of the (then largely symbolic) border between the Kingdom of France and the Holy Roman Empire. Its economic heartland was in the Low Countries, particularly Flanders and Brabant. The Burgundian court outshone the French court both economically and culturally.
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Was Burgundy French or German?
Burgundy (/ˈbɜːrɡəndi/; French: Bourgogne [buʁɡɔɲ] ( listen)) is a historical territory and former administrative region and province of east-central France. The province was once home to the Dukes of Burgundy from the early 11th until the late 15th century.
When did Burgundy become part of France?
The Duchy of Burgundy was annexed by the French throne in 1477. The County of Burgundy remained loosely associated with the Holy Roman Empire (intermittently independent, whence the name "Franche-Comté"), and finally incorporated into France in 1678, with the Treaties of Nijmegen.
Was Burgundy ever a country?
The Kingdom of Burgundy existed independently until 1033, even though the reality of its monarchs' power did not extend much beyond the region of Lake Geneva.
Was Burgundy part of England?
The duchy of Burgundy was that part of the regnum Burgundiae west of the Saône River; it was recovered from Boso by the French Carolingians and remained a part of the kingdom of France.
What do you call people from Burgundy?
Name. The ethnonym Burgundians is commonly used in English to refer to the Burgundi (Burgundionei, Burgundiones or Burgunds) who settled in eastern Gaul and the western Alps during the 5th century.
Was Burgundy separate from France?
The duchy of Burgundy was that part of the regnum Burgundiae west of the Saône River; it was recovered from Boso by the French Carolingians and remained a part of the kingdom of France.
When did Burgundy become Belgium?
Burgundian StateHistorical eraLate Middle Ages• Accession to Flanders30 January 1384• Treaty of Arras21 September 1435• Battle of Nancy5 January 147723 more rows
What language did they speak in medieval Burgundy?
The Burgundian language, also known by French names Bourguignon-morvandiau, Bourguignon, and Morvandiau, is an Oïl language spoken in Burgundy and particularly in the Morvan area of the region. The arrival of the Burgundians brought Germanic elements into the Gallo-Romance speech of the inhabitants.
Who ruled Burgundy?
Upon the 9th-century partitions, the French remnants of the Burgundian kingdom were reduced to a ducal rank by King Robert II of France in 1004....Duchy of Burgundy.Duchy of Burgundy Duché de Bourgogne (French) Ducatus Burgundiae (Latin)Duke of Burgundy• 1032–1076Robert I• 1363–1404Philip the Bold• 1404–1419John the Fearless28 more rows
Why did Burgundy side with England?
Prosperous textile manufacture in the Low Countries made this among the wealthiest realms in Europe, and explained their desire to maintain trade with wool-producing England.
Why is Burgundy important to France?
Set close to the heart of the nation, the region has played a vital role throughout the France's history, with its significance stretching as far back as the Roman conquests of Gaul and beyond. As such, to discover Burgundy is to witness history come alive, with connections to the past visible at every turn.
What is the capital of Burgundy?
DijonDijon, the capital of the great region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the eastern central part of France, is the ultimate cultural destination. As an officially recognised “Ville d'art et d'histoire”, this “city of art and history” boasts a vast protected area covering 97 hectares.
Why is Burgundy important to France?
Set close to the heart of the nation, the region has played a vital role throughout the France's history, with its significance stretching as far back as the Roman conquests of Gaul and beyond. As such, to discover Burgundy is to witness history come alive, with connections to the past visible at every turn.
Who ruled Burgundy in 1485?
Henry VII was king of England from 1485 to 1509.
Who founded Burgundy?
The history of Burgundy stretches back to the times when the region was inhabited in turn by Celts, Romans (Gallo-Romans), and in the 5th century, the Roman allies the Burgundians, a Germanic people originating in Bornholm (Baltic Sea), who settled there and established the Kingdom of the Burgundians.
Why is Burgundy called Burgundy?
The color burgundy takes its name from the Burgundy wine in France. When referring to the colour, "burgundy" is not usually capitalized.
What is the French region of Burgundy?
Burgundy, French Bourgogne, historical region and former région of France. As a région, it encompassed the central départements of Côte-d’Or, Saône-et-Loire, Nièvre, and Yonne. In 2016 the Burgundy région was joined with the région of Franche-Comté to form the new administrative entity of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté.
What river is Burgundy in?
Geography. Burgundy links the Paris Basin to the Saône River corridor and has a diverse physical structure. In the northwest the undulating lowlands of the Paris Basin give way progressively to plateaus of Jurassic (about 200 to 145 million years ago) origin that stretch in a broad arc from the Nivernais Plateau in the west to ...
What are the two main groups of Burgundy?
The vineyards, comprising the two main groups of Beaune and Nuits, produce the most celebrated Burgundy wines, including Clos-Vougeot, Gevrey-Chambertin, Nuits-Saint-Georges, and Pommard. The Yonne valley also produces fine wines, especially those of Chablis, east of Auxerre.
What are the industries in Burgundy?
Other industries include electrical and electronics equipment, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and food processing, giving Burgundy a diversified industrial structure. Employment is now concentrated in the service sector, but growth has been slow, partly reflecting the absence of a large metropolitan area.
When did the population of Burgundy decline?
The process of rural depopulation that characterized France in the 19th and early 20th centuries was quite pronounced in Burgundy, and its population declined by almost one-fourth between 1872 and 1946.
What river is near Dijon?
Dijon, Mâcon, and Le Creusot are all accessible by high-speed train ( train à grande vitesse; TGV), while the Saône River is navigable (for large-capacity barges) from Chalon-sur-Saône southward, where it joins the Rhône River.
What was the name of the duchy of Burgundy?
The duchy of Burgundy was that part of the regnum Burgundiae west of the Saône River; it was recovered from Boso by the French Carolingians and remained a part of the kingdom of France. Boso’s brother Richard, count of Autun, organized the greater part of the territory under his own authority. His son Rudolph (Raoul), who succeeded him in 921, was elected king of France in 923. On Rudolph’s death in 936 the Carolingian king Louis IV and Hugh the Great, duke of the Franks, detached Sens, Troyes, and (temporarily) Langres from Burgundy.
Who was the king of Burgundy?
The Carolingians made several partitions of Burgundy before Boso, ruler of the Viennois, had himself proclaimed king of all Burgundy from Autun to the Mediterranean Sea in 879. The French Carolingians later recovered the country west of the Saône and north of Lyons from him, and the German Carolingians recovered Jurane, or Upper, Burgundy (i.e., Transjurane Burgundy, or the country between the Jura and the Alps, together with Cisjurane Burgundy, or Franche-Comté). Boso and his successors, however, were able to maintain themselves in the kingdom of Provence, or Lower Burgundy, until about 933.
What was the name of the French kingdom that was known as the premier peerage?
Burgundy came to be recognized as the premier peerage of the French kingdom. Both the duchy of Burgundy and Cisjurane Burgundy (the county of Burgundy) flourished during this period. The towns prospered: Dijon became an important market town.
What happened to Burgundy after Charles the Bold?
After the death of Charles the Bold (1477), the duchy of Burgundy was annexed by the French crown. During the 16th century it was devastated by the Wars of Religion. The towns had to be fortified, and mercenaries roamed the country.
What was the capital of France in 1790?
Louis XIV moved the capital of the new province to the former imperial city of Besançon. In 1790, along with the rest of France, Franche-Comté was divided into separate départements —Jura, Doubs, and Haute-Saône. After the death of Charles the Bold (1477), the duchy of Burgundy was annexed by the French crown.
Where is the belfry tower?
Cluny: belfry tower. Octagonal belfry tower and smaller belfry of the surviving south transept of the abbey church of St. Peter and St. Paul at Cluny , France , constructed 1088–1130. © Alexander/Fotolia. A reunification of the two Burgundies was effected in 1335 and ended in 1361.
When did the mercenary bands stop depredating Burgundy?
Even so, mercenary bands continued their depredations in Burgundy until 1445, after which the duchy enjoyed peace until Philip III’s death in 1467. Philip III. Philip III, oil on panel by an unknown artist, c. 1460–80; in the Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam. Courtesy of the Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam.
What is the history of Burgundy?
Burgundy within the Frankish realms. The history of Burgundy stretches back to the times when the region was inhabited in turn by Celts, Romans ( Gallo-Romans ), and in the 5th century, the Roman allies the Burgundians, a Germanic people originating in Bornholm (Baltic Sea), who settled there and established the Kingdom ...
What was Burgundy known for?
During the Middle Ages, Burgundy was the seat of some of the most important Western churches and monasteries, among them Cluny, Cîteaux, and Vézelay . Territory of the Duchy of Burgundy ( Bourgogne) in 1477 marked in yellow. During the 12th and 13th centuries, the County of Burgundy emerged from the area previously within the Kingdom ...
What kingdom did the Burgundians conquer?
In 411, the Burgundians crossed the Rhine and established a kingdom at Worms. Amidst repeated clashes between the Romans and Huns, the Burgundian kingdom eventually occupied what is today the borderlands between Switzerland, France, and Italy. In 534, the Franks defeated Godomar, the last Burgundian king, and absorbed the territory into their growing empire.
Where did the Burgundians come from?
The Burgundians, who migrated into the Western Roman Empire as it collapsed, are generally regarded as a Germanic people, possibly originating in Bornholm (modern Denmark). (A fringe theory suggests that the Burgundians may have been the Βουρουγουνδοι Bourougoundoi later alluded to by the Aeolian historian Agathias, as a component of Eurasian steppe peoples, namely the " Scythian or Huns " (and, by implication, Turkic peoples like the Bulgars ). While they were dominated by the Huns for a time and adopted some of their cultural practices, Agathias may have confused or conflated the Burgundians with the Lombards, who apparently had more significant ties to the Huns and Bulgars. )
How did the Dukes of Burgundy succeed?
The Dukes of Burgundy succeeded in assembling an empire stretching from Switzerland to the North Sea, in large part by marriage. This Burgundian State consisted of a number of fiefdoms on both sides of the (then largely symbolic) border between the Kingdom of France and the Holy Roman Empire.
How many Burgundies were there in the 9th century?
During the late 9th century there were three Burgundies: the Kingdom of Upper (Transjurane) Burgundy around Lake Geneva, the Kingdom of Lower Burgundy in Provence, the Duchy of Burgundy west of the Saône. The two kingdoms of Upper and Lower Burgundy were reunited in 933 as the Kingdom of Burgundy. This kingdom in turn was absorbed into ...
What is the Burgundian lifestyle?
In Belgium and in the south of the Netherlands, the expression "Burgundian lifestyle" is still used to denote enjoyment of life, good food, and extravagant spectacle. In 1477, at the battle of Nancy during the Burgundian Wars, the last duke Charles the Bold was killed in battle, and the Duchy itself was annexed by France.
What is the kingdom of Burgundy?
Kingdom of Burgundy was a name given to various states located in Western Europe during the Middle Ages. The historical Burgundy correlates with the border area of France, Italy and Switzerland and includes the major modern cities of Geneva and Lyon .
Where did the Burgundians come from?
Kingdom of the Burgundians (411–534) Burgundy is named after a Germanic tribe of Burgundians who originated in mainland Scandinavia, then settled on the island of Bornholm, whose name in Old Norse was Burgundarholmr ("Island of the Burgundians"). From there they migrated south through Germanic lands into Roman Gaul and settled in ...
What was Burgundy divided into?
As a political entity, Burgundy existed in a number of forms with different boundaries, notably, when it was divided into Upper and Lower Burgundy and Provence. Two of the entities, the first around the 6th century and the second around the 11th century, were called the Kingdom of Burgundy. At other times were the Kingdom of Provence, the Duchy ...
How did the Burgundy kingdom fragment?
The kingdom gradually fragmented as it was divided among heirs, or territories were lost and acquired through diplomacy and dynastic marriages . Emperors generally neglected its administration, even though Frederick I and Charles IV both performed a Burgundian coronation ceremony in Arles, in 1178 and 1365 respectively. Frederick also convened an imperial diet in Besançon in 1157 that highlighted the importance of the regnum Burgundiae within the Empire. : 143
When did Burgundy become a kingdom?
The Kingdoms of Upper and Lower Burgundy between 879 and 933. After the overthrow of Charles the Bald in 877, followed by the death of his son Louis the Stammerer two years later, the Frankish noble Boso of Provence proclaimed himself a "King of Burgundy and Provence" at Vienne in 879.
What was the name of the Western European kingdoms during the Middle Ages?
Name of various Western European kingdoms during the Middle Ages. This article is about the kingdom known as the Kingdom of Burgundy. For the earlier kingdom of the Germanic tribe, see Kingdom of the Burgundians. For the constituent kingdom of the Holy Roman Empire, see Kingdom of Arles. This article includes a list of references, ...
Who ruled Provence when Charles died?
In 858, Count Girart arranged that should Charles of Provence die without heirs, the Kingdom of Provence would revert to Charles' older brother Lothair II who ruled in Lotharingia. When Charles died in 863, his oldest brother Louis II claimed Provence for himself, so the kingdom was divided between the two remaining brothers: Lothair II received the bishoprics of Lyon, Vienne and Grenoble, to be governed by Girart; and Louis II received Arles, Aix-en-provence and Embrun .
Where is Burgundy located?
the Kingdom of Lower Burgundy in Provence, the Duchy of Burgundy west of the Saône River. the County of Burgundy east of the Saône River. The two kingdoms of Upper and Lower Burgundy were reunited in 937 and absorbed into the Holy Roman Empire under Conrad II in 1032, as the Kingdom of Arles. The Duchy of Burgundy was annexed by ...
What was Burgundy known for?
During the Middle Ages, Burgundy was the seat of some of the most important Western churches and monasteries, among them Cluny, Citeaux, and Vézelay. During the Hundred Years' War, King John II of France gave the duchy to his younger son, rather than leaving it to his successor on the throne.
Why did the Dukes of Burgundy become a rival to the French throne?
The duchy soon became a major rival to the French throne, because the Dukes of Burgundy succeeded in assembling an empire stretching from Switzerland to the North Sea, mostly by marriage.
How many Burgundies are there?
Burgundy's modern existence is rooted in the dissolution of the Frankish Empire. When the dynastic succession was settled in the 880s, there were four Burgundies: the Kingdom of Upper (Transjurane) Burgundy around Lake Geneva, the Kingdom of Lower Burgundy in Provence, the Duchy of Burgundy west of the Saône River.
What is the Burgundian lifestyle?
In Belgium and in the south of the Netherlands, a 'Burgundian lifestyle' still means 'enjoyment of life, good food, and extravagant spectacle'.
When was Burgundy annexed?
The Duchy of Burgundy was annexed by the French throne in 1477. The County of Burgundy remained loosely associated with the Holy Roman Empire (intermittently independent, whence the name "Franche-Comté"), and finally incorporated into France in 1678, with the Treaties of Nijmegen.
Who was the last duke of Burgundy?
In 1477 at the battle of Nancy during the Burgundian Wars the last duke Charles the Bold was killed in battle and Burgundy itself taken back by France.
What is the name of the county in Burgundy?
The Free County of Burgundy or Franche-Comté ( French: Franche Comté de Bourgogne; German: Freigrafschaft Burgund ), was a medieval county (from 982 to 1678) of the Holy Roman Empire, predecessor to the modern region of Franche-Comté. The name franc (he) comté derives from the title of its count, franc comte, in German Freigraf 'free count', denoting imperial immediacy. It should not be confused with the more westerly Duchy of Burgundy, a fiefdom of France since 843.
What was Burgundy called in the 12th century?
Burgundy was from then on called Franche-Comté, the "free county.".
What was the name of the region that was once part of the Kingdom of the Burgundians?
See also: Franche-Comté and Burgundy. The area once formed part of the Kingdom of the Burgundians, which had been annexed by the Franks in 534 and incorporated into the Kingdom of the Franks. The Empire was partitioned in 843 by the Treaty of Verdun, with the area west of the Saône river being allotted to West Francia as the French Duchy ...
Where did the name "franc comté" come from?
The name franc (he) comté derives from the title of its count, franc comte, in German Freigraf 'free count', denoting imperial immediacy. It should not be confused with the more westerly Duchy of Burgundy, a fiefdom of France since 843.
Who seized the Duchy of Burgundy?
However, the duchy was seized as a reverted fief by King Robert II of France two years later, and he was only able to maintain rule over the Arelat county with his residence at Dole.
Who was the last of the feudal counts of Burgundy?
However, this did not prevent a younger son, John of Chalon-Arlay, from taking control of the vassal states. Otto IV, son of Hugh and Adelaide, was the last of the feudal counts of Burgundy.
Who were the Counts of Palatine?
The Counts Palatine for many years had to share power with the greater feudal families of the county, notably with the family of Chalon, which was descended from the Stephen III, count of Auxonne, grandson of William IV and Beatrice of Thiern, the heir of the county of Chalon.
When did Burgundy form?
Origins. Burgundy as part of the Frankish Empire between 534 and 843. The Duchy of Burgundy was a successor of the earlier Kingdom of the Burgundians, which evolved out of territories ruled by the Burgundians, an East Germanic tribe that arrived in Gaul in the 5th century.
When was Burgundy in possession?
Possessions of the House of Burgundy, from 918 to 1477 (duchy in red).
When did the Duchy of Burgundy emerge?
The Duchy of Burgundy ( / ˈbɜːrɡəndi /; Latin: Ducatus Burgundiae; French: Duché de Bourgogne, Dutch: Hertogdom Bourgondië) emerged in the 9th century as one of the successors of the ancient Kingdom of the Burgundians, which after its conquest in 532 had formed a constituent part of the Frankish Empire. Upon the 9th-century partitions, the French ...
What is the Duché de Bourgogne?
Duché de Bourgogne ( French) Ducatus Burgundiae ( Latin) 918–1482. Top: Flag during the reign of the Valois-Burgundian dynasty. Bottom: Military Banner. Coat of arms. Burgundy before the French Revolution. Status. Vassal of the Kingdom of France.
What were the promises of the young Duke of Flanders?
He could expect to inherit Auvergne and Boulogne on his mother's death, and a marriage was arranged between himself and the young heiress of Flanders, Margaret of Dampierre, who could promise to bring Flanders and Brabant to her husband eventually. By 1361, aged 17, he appeared to be on track to continue the duchy's steady rise to greatness.
Who inherited the Duchy of Burgundy?
Robert II's son and heir, King Henry I of France, inherited the duchy but ceded it to his younger brother Robert in 1032. Other portions had passed to the Imperial Kingdom of Burgundy-Arles, including the County of Burgundy (Franche-Comté).
Who was the last duke of Burgundy?
After just over one hundred years of Valois-Burgundy rule, however, the last duke, Charles the Bold, rushed to the Burgundian Wars and was killed in the 1477 Battle of Nancy.
What is the Burgundian state?
The Burgundian State (French: État bourguignon; Dutch: Bourgondische hertogen) is a concept coined by historians to describe the vast complex of territories that is also referred to as Valois Burgundy. It developed in the Late Middle Ages under the rule of the Dukes of Burgundy from the French House of Valois and was composed ...
What was the most important thing about Burgundy?
Including the thriving regions of Flanders and Brabant, the Burgundian State was a major centre of trade and commerce and a focal point of courtly culture that set the fashion for European royal houses and their court. It nearly turned into a kingdom of its own right, but Charles the Bold 's early death at the Battle of Nancy put an end to his Lotharingian dream and his legacy passed to the House of Habsburg through the marriage of his daughter Mary to Maximilian of Austria. Meanwhile Picardy and the Duchy of Burgundy were conquered by the King of France .
What did Philip of Burgundy do?
Philip managed to considerably expand the Burgundian State in the Low Countries . In 1421, he bought the County of Namur from the impoverished Marquis of Namur, inheriting it outright in 1429. In 1430, he inherited the Margraviate of Antwerp and the Duchies of Brabant, Limburg and Luxembourg, succeeding his cousin Philip, son of Anthony of Burgundy. He also took advantage of a succession crisis to make himself the heir of Jacqueline of Hainaut — at the time of her death, in 1433, he seized her Counties of Hainaut, Holland and Zeeland. Finally, in 1441 he bought from his aunt Elizabeth of Görlitz the Duchy of Luxembourg. The Low Countries were at last united, becoming the Burgundian Netherlands .
Why did Charles the Bold create the Parliament of Mechelen?
Charles the Bold created the Parliament of Mechelen to avoid this. Following Johann Huizinga, Marc Boone and Wim Blockmans ironically concluded that a true Burgundian State existed only from the loss of the duchy of Burgundy and the extinction of the Burgundian dynasty to the Dutch Revolt.
What territories were added to the Burgundian states during the Guelders Wars?
During the Guelders Wars, the following territories were added to the Burgundian states: Friesland, and Frisia, Utrecht, Overijssel, Groningen, the County of Zutphen, and the Duchy of Guelders. In 1549, Charles V issued the Pragmatic Sanction and organized the Burgundian Low Countries in Seventeen Provinces.
What were the two parts of Burgundy?
Burgundian territories were roughly divided into two parts: Burgundy ( Duchy and County) to the South; and the Netherlands to the North. The States General of the Netherlands were summoned for the first time on 9 January 1464 in Bruges, with representants of the three states from 16 or 17 provinces – giving its name to the Seventeen Provinces .
Why did Leo Belgicus appear?
The Leo Belgicus appeared after that to symbolise the unity of the Low Countries . Furthermore, for the most part of its history, the Burgundian State was not a sovereign state. The dukes of Burgundy were vassals of the king of France and the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, even if they acted as sovereigns.
Overview
Kingdom of the Burgundians (411–534)
The Burgundians, who migrated into the Western Roman Empire as it collapsed, are generally regarded as a Germanic people, possibly originating in Bornholm (modern Denmark). (A fringe theory suggests that the Burgundians may have been the Βουρουγουνδοι Bourougoundoi later alluded to by the Aeolian historian Agathias, as a component of Eurasian steppe peoples, namely the "Scythian or
Merovingian Burgundy (534–751)
Carolingian kingdom of Burgundy-Provence (855–863)
Bosonid and Welf Burgundy (879–1033)
- Kingdom of Burgundy was a name given to various states located in Western Europe during the Middle Ages. The historical Burgundy correlates with the border area of France, Italy and Switzerland and includes the major modern cities of Geneva and Lyon. As a political entity, Burgundy existed in a number of forms with different boundaries, notably, wh...
Kingdom of Arles within the Holy Roman Empire (after 1033)
- Burgundy is named after a Germanic tribe of Burgundians who originated in mainland Scandinavia, then settled on the island of Bornholm, whose name in Old Norse was Burgundarholmr. From there they migrated south through Germanic lands into Roman Gaul and settled in the western part of the Alps and Rhône valley, establishing a barbarian kingdom of the …