what crop is sugarcane

What is the best method of propagating sugarcane?

Part 3 Part 3 of 3: Making Sugar Cane Syrup

1. Scrub the stems. After a season outside, they'll have mildew and dirt on them. ...
2. Chop the stems into one-inch sections. The stems will be quite stiff, so a meat cleaver is a better tool for the job than a knife.
3. Boil the sugar cane pieces in a large stockpot filled with water. ...
4. Pour the sugar water through a strainer into a smaller pot. ...

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How do you grow sugarcane?

How to Grow and Care for Sugar Cane

• Common Name
• Botanical Name
• Family
• Plant Type
• Size
• Sun Exposure
• Soil Type
• Soil pH
• Bloom Time
• Hardiness Zones

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Are there health benefits to eating sugarcane?

Other benefits

• Relieves digestive stress
• Cures acne
• Aids with a sore throat (add black pepper and lime to the juice)
• Helps to heal wounds
• May aid in weight loss
• Eliminate toxins
• Diuretic properties
• Helps with urinary tract infections
• May aid in morning sickness
• May increase/boost metabolism

What is sugarcane used for?

Sugarcane juice is extracted by pressing the peeled stalks of sugarcane in an extractor or a mill. It is commercially grown across Southeast Asia, North Africa, and Latin America. It is a rich source of antioxidants, vitamin C, fiber, phytochemicals, and other nutrients.

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Which type of crop is sugarcane?

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) family Gramineae (Poaceae) is widely grown crop in India. It provides employment to over a million people directly or indirectly besides contributing significantly to the national exchequer.

Is sugar cane a crop?

Sugarcane is a water-intensive crop that remains in the soil all year long. As one of the world's thirstiest crops, sugarcane has a significant impact on many environmentally sensitive regions, like the Mekong Delta and the Atlantic Forest.

What family is sugarcane in?

GrassesSaccharum officinarum / FamilyPoaceae or Gramineae is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses, bamboos and the grasses of natural grassland and species cultivated in lawns and pasture. The latter are commonly referred to collectively as grass. Wikipedia

Where is sugarcane crop?

Sub-tropical region accounted for about 55% and 45% of total area and production of sugarcane, respectively. The tropical sugarcane region includes the states of Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Goa, Pondicherry and Kerala.

What class of food is sugar cane?

It's Carbohydrates. Sugarcane, which is a kind of grass, has several of these, but it primarily falls within the food class of carbohydrates.

Is sugarcane a cash crop or food crop?

Cash crops are the crops that are produced for their commercial value rather than for use by the person growing them. Most common examples of cash crops are coffee, sugarcane, tobacco, etc.

Is sugar cane a fruit vegetable or grass?

Sugarcane is not a fruit nor a vegetable. It is a type of perennial grass like bamboo. Sugarcane stores its sugar in the stems (aka the canes), which makes them sweet.

What is another name for sugar cane?

Saccharum officinarumGenus:SaccharumSpecies:S. officinarumBinomial nameSaccharum officinarum L.13 more rows

What is the common name of sugarcane?

Data Quality Indicators:SuperorderLilianae – monocots, monocotyledons, monocotylédonesOrderPoalesFamilyPoaceae – grasses, graminéesGenusSaccharum L. – sugarcane, sugar caneSpeciesSaccharum officinarum L. – sugarcane9 more rows

Is sugarcane a plantation crop?

Sugarcane, a tall, robust, tropical C4 grass, has been a prized plantation crop for many centuries. Crop heights of between 2-4 metres generally leads to tonnages of 60-160 tonnes harvestable stalk material from each cropped hectare, depending on climate, soil health, fertility and farming system.

What is sugarcane for?

Sugarcane stalks contain mostly water and sugar that are crushed to extract the sweet juice, which is processed into sugar. About three-quarters of sugarcane grown and processed into sugar is used to make bread, canned fruits and vegetables, beverages, cakes, candies, cereal, ice cream and other favorite foods.

Why is sugarcane grown?

sugarcane, (Saccharum officinarum), perennial grass of the family Poaceae, primarily cultivated for its juice from which sugar is processed. Most of the world's sugarcane is grown in subtropical and tropical areas.

How do you grow sugarcane crops?

Sugarcane crop thrives best in hot sunny tropical areas. The ideal climate for sugarcane is a long, warm growing season with a high incidence of solar radiation and adequate moisture in the soil. Areas with high rainfall and/or good irrigation are best suited for sugarcane cultivation.

Is sugarcane a herb?

sugarcane is neither a herb nor a shrub.

How is sugar cane grown?

Sugarcane, a tall perennial grass, is grown in tropical and semitropical climates. After the planting of cane stalk cuttings, the plant matures in 1-2 years. Two to four crops are harvested from the original plantings, unless the plants are impaired or destroyed by frost, disease, or other causes.

Is tobacco a food crop or cash crop?

cash cropsCrops grown to feed a country's population are known as food crops. Tobacco, sugar, and cotton are examples of cash crops that are grown in huge quantities in order to be sold for a profit.

Where is sugarcane grown?

Grown in tropical and subtropical regions, sugarcane is the world's largest crop by production quantity, with 1.8 billion tonnes produced in 2017, with Brazil accounting for 40% of the world total. In 2012, the Food and Agriculture Organization estimated it was cultivated on about 26 × 10. ^. 6 ha (64 × 10. ^.

How big is a sugarcane plant?

Sugarcane is a tropical, perennial grass that forms lateral shoots at the base to produce multiple stems, typically 3 to 4 m (10 to 13 ft) high and about 5 cm (2 in) in diameter. The stems grow into cane stalk, which when mature, constitutes around 75% of the entire plant. A mature stalk is typically composed of 11–16% fiber, 12–16% soluble sugars, 2–3% nonsugar carbohydrates, and 63–73% water. A sugarcane crop is sensitive to climate, soil type, irrigation, fertilizers, insects, disease control, varieties, and the harvest period. The average yield of cane stalk is 60–70 tonnes per hectare (24–28 long ton/acre; 27–31 short ton/acre) per year, but this figure can vary between 30 and 180 tonnes per hectare depending on knowledge and crop management approach used in sugarcane cultivation. Sugarcane is a cash crop, but it is also used as livestock fodder.

What was the food that the Papuans and Austronesian peoples used?

Papuans and Austronesians originally primarily used sugarcane as food for domesticated pigs. The spread of both S. officinarum and S. sinense is closely linked to the migrations of the Austronesian peoples. Saccharum barberi was only cultivated in India after the introduction of S. officinarum.

What is sugar made of?

Sucrose (table sugar) is extracted from sugarcane in specialized mill factories. It is consumed directly in confectionery, used to sweeten beverages, as a preservative in jams and conserves, as a decorative finish for cakes and pâtisserie, as a raw material in the food industry, or fermented to produce ethanol. Products derived from fermentation of sugar include falernum, rum, and cachaça. In some regions, people use sugarcane reeds to make pens, mats, screens, and thatch. The young, unexpanded flower head of Saccharum edule ( duruka) is eaten raw, steamed, or toasted, and prepared in various ways in Southeast Asia, including Fiji and certain island communities of Indonesia.

How much sugar is produced from sugar beets?

Sugarcane accounts for 79% of sugar produced globally (most of the rest is made from sugar beets ). About 70% of the sugar produced comes from Saccharum officinarum and its hybrids. All sugarcane species can interbreed, and the major commercial cultivars are complex hybrids.

What are the pests that can be found in the cane?

Other important pests are the larvae of some butterfly/moth species, including the turnip moth, the sugarcane borer ( Diatraea saccharalis ), the African sugarcane borer ( Eldana saccharina ), the Mexican rice borer ( Eoreuma loftini ), the African armyworm ( Spodoptera exempta ), leaf-cutting ants, termites, spittlebugs (especially Mahanarva fimbriolata and Deois flavopicta ), and the beetle Migdolus fryanus. The planthopper insect Eumetopina flavipes acts as a virus vector, which causes the sugarcane disease ramu stunt.

What is bagasse used for?

Bagasse, the residual dry fiber of the cane after cane juice has been extracted, is used for several purposes: 1 fuel for the boilers and kilns 2 production of paper, paperboard products, and reconstituted panelboard 3 agricultural mulch 4 as a raw material for production of chemicals

Where is sugarcane grown?

Most of the world’s sugarcane is grown in subtropical and tropical areas. The plant is also grown for biofuel production, especially in Brazil, as the canes

Where is sugarcane harvested?

A cutting machine on a plantation in southeastern Brazil harvesting sugarcane, the primary source of ethanol biofuel in the country.

What is cane sugar used for?

The by-products from cane sugar processing, namely the straw and bagasse (cane fibres), can be used to produce cellulosic ethanol, a second-generation biofuel. Other sugarcane products include molasses, rum, ...

How far apart should sugarcane be planted?

Field of sugarcane ( Saccharum officinarum) in St. George Parish, Barbados. Seed cane is spaced 1.4 to 1.8 metres (4.5 to 6 feet) apart at densities 10,000 to 25,000 per hectare (4,000 to 10,000 per acre).

How is sugarcane propagated?

Sugarcane is propagated primarily by the planting of cuttings. The sections of the stalk of immature cane used for planting are known as seed cane, or cane sets, and have two or more buds (eyes), usually three. Seed cane is planted in well-worked fields.

How tall is sugar cane?

Sugarcane ( Saccharum ). The sugarcane plant produces a number of stalks that reach 3 to 7 metres (10 to 24 feet) high and bear long sword-shaped leaves. The stalks are composed of many segments, and at each joint there is a bud.

How much water does sugarcane need?

To attain good yields, sugarcane requires 2,000 to 2,300 mm (80 to 90 inches) of water during the growing period. When precipitation is deficient, irrigation, either by spraying or by applying water in furrows, can make up for the deficiency.

Where did sugarcane originate?

Sugarcane originated in Asia, probably in New Guinea. Most of the rainfed and irrigated commercial sugarcane is grown between 35°N and S of the equator. The crop flourishes under a long, warm growing season with a high incidence of radiation and adequate moisture, followed by a dry, sunny and fairly cool but frost-free ripening and harvesting period.

How much sugarcane is produced in the world?

The present area of sugarcane ( Saccarum officinarum) is about 13 million ha with a total commercial world production of about 1254.8 million ton/year cane or 55 million ton/year sucrose. (FAOSTAT, 2001).

What happens to sugar content when cane is ripe?

Toward maturity, vegetative growth is reduced and sugar content of the cane increases greatly. Sugar content at harvest is usually between 10 and 12 percent of the cane fresh weight, but under experimental conditions 18 percent or more has been observed. Sugar content seems to decrease slightly with increased cane yields. Luxurious growth should be avoided during cane ripening which can be achieved by low temperature, low nitrogen level and restricted water supply. With respect to juice purity, this is positively affected by low minimum temperatures several weeks before harvest.

How long does it take for sugarcane to grow?

A long growing season is essential for high yields. The normal length of the total growing period varies between 9 months with harvest before winter frost to 24 months in Hawaii, but it is generally 15 to 16 months. Plant (first) crop is normally followed by 2 to 4 ratoon crops, and in certain cases up to a maximum of 8 crops are taken, each taking about 1 year to mature. Growth of the stool is slow at first, gradually increasing until the maximum growth rate is reached after which growth slows down as the cane begins to ripen and mature. The flowering of sugarcane is controlled by daylength, but it is also influenced by water and nitrogen supply. Flowering has a progressive deleterious effect on sucrose content.Normally, therefore, flowering is prevented or non-flowering varieties are used.

Why is moisture important for sugarcane?

Adequate available moisture throughout the growing period is important for obtaining maximum yields because vegetative growth including cane growth is directly proportional to the water transpired. Depending on climate, water requirements (ETm) of sugarcane are 1500 to 2500 mm evenly distributed over the growing season.

How deep should sugarcane be planted?

Sugarcane does not require a special type of soil. Best soils are those that are more than 1 m deep but deep rooting to a depth of up to 5 m is possible. The soil should preferably be well-aerated (after heavy rain the pore space filled with air > 10 to 12 percent) and have a total available water content of 15 percent or more. When there is a groundwater table it should be more than 1.5 to 2.0 m below the surface. The optimum soil pH is about 6.5 but sugarcane will grow in soils with pH in the range of 5 to 8.5

How much nitrogen is needed for sugarcane?

Sugarcane has high nitrogen and potassium needs and relatively low phosphate requirements, or 100 to 200 kg/ha N, 20 to 90 kg/ha P and 125 to 160 kg/ha K for a yield of 100 ton/ha cane, but application rates are sometimes higher. At maturity, the nitrogen content of the soil must be as low as possible for a good sugar recovery, particularly where the ripening period is moist and warm.

Why is sugarcane considered a good crop?

Sugarcane is considered one of the most environmentally friendly crops because it requires minimal fertilizer and pesticides. It gets most of what it needs from the region’s rich, moist soil. Not only do our fields of sugarcane produce food, they also provide shelter to many native plants and animals.

What is sugar cane made of?

Sugarcane stalks are made up of mostly water and sugar and are crushed to extract the sweet juice, which is processed into sugar.

Where does sugar grow?

Sugarcane grows well in South Florida’s warm climate and mucky soil, which provides most of the nutrients it needs to thrive. Sugarcane stalks are made up of mostly water and sugar ...

What is the sweetest grass in Florida?

Nature’s Sweetest Crop. Sugarcane is a giant grass that thrives in South Florida’s sunshine, abundant rainfall and mucky soil. Each stalk is made up of more than 70 percent water, and the rest is sugar and fiber.

How to grow sugarcane?

Basic requirements Sugarcane grows best in tropical and subtropical regions as the plants require a warm, sunny and moist environment for growth. Plants will grow optimally at temperatures between 26 and 33°C (78.8–91.4°F) where there are no frosts which will damage the plants. Sugarcane can be grown successfully in a variety of soils but will perform optimally in deep, well-draining soils, rich in organic matter with a pH between 5.0 and 8.0. Sugarcane requires an average annual rainfall of between 1800 and 2500 mm per year for adequate growth. If rainfall is too low, plants should be grown with irrigation to maximize yield. Propagation Sugarcane is vegetatively propagated by planting part of a mature cane called “setts”. Setts should be cut from carefully selected mature canes. A few days before the cuttings are taken, the end of the canes are removed to break the apical dominance of the cane and promote the breaking of buds. The best cuttings are taken from the upper portions of the cane and should be approximately 40 cm (16 in) in length with 2–3 buds. Sugarcane setts should be planted horizontally or at a 45° angle in furrows 15–30 cm (6–12 in) deep. Once in the ground, the setts should be covered with a thin layer of soil. Setts can be grown in a nursery bed and transplanted to the field or planted directly at the final growing site. The average planting density for sugarcane is 15,000–24,000 cuttings per hectare of land. Normally furrow method of planting is followed. A new method called pit method of planting promises two to three times more yield and more ratoon (up to 10) compared to furrow method. General care and maintenance Plantations should be kept free from weeds with weeding being carried out every 3–4 weeks. Weeds can be removed by hand or through the use of machinery or appropriate chemicals. If rainfall is not sufficient to meet the growth requirements of the plants then irrigation must be supplied every 2–4 weeks through furrow or sprinkler irrigation. Soil should be mounded up around the base of the canes 1–2 times during the growing season to promote good root development, aid drainage in heavy soil or prevent lodging in light soils. Harvesting Sugarcane is most commonly harvested by hand cutting Stalks should be cut close to the ground with a sharp knife when the canes are fully mature.

What is sugarcane used for?

Sugarcane is primarily used for the production of cane sugar (sucrose). One of the biproducts of sugarcane production is bioethanol which can be used as a fuel in place of gasoline. The dried fibre which is left over after the extraction of the sugarcane juice is called bagasse and is used in paper and textile production, ...

How deep should sugarcane be planted?

Sugarcane setts should be planted horizontally or at a 45° angle in furrows 15–30 cm (6–12 in) deep. Once in the ground, the setts should be covered with a thin layer of soil. Setts can be grown in a nursery bed and transplanted to the field or planted directly at the final growing site.

How to control sugarcane disease?

The disease can be successfully controlled by planting varieties of sugarcane which are resistant to the disease; disease can usually be eliminated from seed pieces by hot water treatment prior to planting; infected plants should be removed.

How much rainfall does sugarcane need?

Sugarcane requires an average annual rainfall of between 1800 and 2500 mm per year for adequate growth. If rainfall is too low, plants should be grown with irrigation to maximize yield. Propagation Sugarcane is vegetatively propagated by planting part of a mature cane called “setts”.

How long does sugarcane live?

Sugarcane can reach a height of up to 6 m (3.3 ft) and once harvested, the stalk will regrow allowing the plant to live for between 8 and 12 years. Sugarcane may also be referred to as nobel cane and originates from New Guinea. Harvested sugarcane. Sugarcane flowering. Sugarcane. ‹ › ×.

What are the patterns of contrasting greens on leaves?

Distinct patterns on contrasting greens on leaves i.e. dark green patches surrounded by paler green; reddening of leaves; leaf necrosis

Achieve Your Sugar Cane Crop Potential and More Consistent Production with Drip Irrigation

Sugar cane is one of the most water intensive crops out there, but drip irrigation has made growing sugar cane easier and more productive over the years. Drip irrigation ensures a more consistent yield over time plus uniformity and more ratoon crops — regardless of topography and soil.

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How many countries grow sugarcane?

This is followed by India ( 20% of the world’s total), China ( 6% of the world’s total), and Thailand ( 6% of the world’s total). However, globally 115 countries cultivate sugarcane.

What is the importance of sugarcane?

Sugarcane is responsible for production of 60% of the total white crystal sugar production in the world. Rest 40% world’s white crystal sugar comes from sugarbeet. Sugarcane is also a potential energy crop. Sugarcane is also an important industrial crop.

Why are officinarums called noble canes?

We call officinarums as “ noble canes ” due to the thick juicy, low fibred canes of high sucrose content. S.robustum is the closest wild relative of S.officinarum.

Why are top setts taken from a mature crop?

These tops are also inferior in sugar content, that’s why top setts are taken from a mature crop for propagation. Apical dominance control germination of a bud through auxin hormones. This apical dominance can be removed by clipping of the top bud.

How tall does sugarcane grow?

Sugarcane is species of tall perennial grass in the genus Saccharum. Plant can grow up to 3 to 6 feet in height. According to wikipedia, sugarcane is the world’s largest crop by production. The total production of sugarcane was found to be 1.8 billion tones in the year 2017.

What is the pH of sugarcane?

Sugarcane crop can tolerate pH of the soil ranging from 4 to 9. Adequately soil profile to a depth of at least 40 to 60 centimetres without compaction, hard pan, and lime band in subsoil is ideal. It is considered better to get your soil tested.

What type of soil is best for sugarcane?

But, the climate, drainage, watering, fertility, and depth should be favourable. However, moderately heavy and medium deep loamy soil are better for cultivation of sugarcane.

Overview

Bagasse applications

Sugarcane is a major crop in many countries. It is one of the plants with the highest bioconversion efficiency. Sugarcane crop is able to efficiently fix solar energy, yielding some 55 tonnes of dry matter per hectare of land annually. After harvest, the crop produces sugar juice and bagasse, the fibrous dry matter. This dry matter is biomass with potential as fuel for energy production. Bagasse can also be used as an alternative source of pulp for paper production.

Etymology

Description

History

Cultivation

Processing

Production