Louis de Buade, Comte de Frontenac et de Palluau (May 22, 1622 – November 28, 1698) was a French soldier, courtier, and Governor General of New France
Governor of New France
The Governor of New France was the viceroy of the King of France in North America. A French noble, he was appointed to govern the colonies of New France, which included Canada, Acadia and Louisiana. The residence of the Governor was at the Chateau Sᵗ-Louis in the capital of Quebec City. Acadia, Louisiana, and the towns of Trois-Rivières and Montreal had their own particular governors.
Iroquois
The Iroquois or Haudenosaunee are a historically powerful northeast Native American confederacy in North America. They were known during the colonial years to the French as the Iroquois League, and later as the Iroquois Confederacy, and to the English as the Five Nations, comprising th…
What was Louis de Buade Comte de Frontenac job?
In 1672 he was appointed governor-general of New France. Within a year of his arrival in the colony, he had founded a fur-trading post, Fort Frontenac, on Lake Ontario.
Why is Comte de Frontenac important?
BUADE, LOUIS DE, Comte de FRONTENAC et de PALLUAU, soldier, governor-general of New France; one of the more turbulent and influential figures in the history of Canada, chiefly noted as the architect of French expansion in North America and defender of New France against attacks by the Iroquois confederacy and the ...
Why was governor Frontenac important to Canadian history?
Governor of New France Frontenac encouraged exploration to the west and around the Mississippi River. He helped French explorer René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, gain royal permission to explore the Mississippi River. He also encouraged the fur trade and established Fort Frontenac, a fur-trading post.
When did Louis de Buade come to Canada?
Frontenac was appointed governor and lieutenant general of New France, Acadia, the island of Newfoundland on 6 April 1672 and arrived in Quebec on 7 September that same year.
What does Frontenac mean in English?
Frontenac definition French colonial administrator who governed New France (1672–1682 and 1689–1698) and held Quebec against the British in King William's War (1690). 2. 2.
Who were the first settlers in New France?
The first were companions of great explorers like Jacques Cartier and Samuel de Champlain; later on, others settled for the long term. The latter were usually the engagés, labourers also nicknamed “trente-six mois” (thirty-six months) because they were hired on three-year contracts.
Who was governor Frontenac?
Louis de Buade FrontenacLouis de Buade Frontenac, Comte de, governor general of New France (born 22 May 1622 in St-Germain, France ; died 28 November 1698 in Québec City, New France). This imperious count had been an officer in the French and Venetian armies. In 1672 he obtained the governorship of Canada, in part, to put off his creditors.
Where was Louis de Buade Comte de Frontenac born?
Saint-Germain-en-Laye, FranceLouis de Buade de Frontenac / Place of birthOne of the most influential and controversial figures in Canadian history, Frontenac was born at St-Germain-en-Laye, France. As a member of the noblesse d'épée he was able in 1672 to secure the appointment as Governor-General of New France.
Who was the Chateau Frontenac named after?
Louis de Buade, count de Palluau etChâteau Frontenac, Quebec. The hotel takes its name from Louis de Buade, count de Palluau et de Frontenac, a key figure in New France history. Frontenac was the governor of the colony from 1672 to 1682, and again from 1689 to 1698, and is recognized for having defended it against British and Iroquois attacks.
Where did Les Filles du Roi come from?
The Filles du Roi, who had many offspring, are the maternal ancestors of thousands of North Americans. Because they came from the French-speaking regions and institutions of France, they contributed to Louis XIV's longed-for standardization of the French language in 17th-century Canada.
Why is New France facing hard times at the beginning of the 18th century?
The colony's early days French colonists struggled with the region's harsh winters and uncleared land. Canada was largely dependent on agriculture and the fur trade, which brought colonists in conflict with the people whose land they had claimed for France.
What does the sovereign council do?
The council's power included the naming of judges and minor officials, control of public funds and commerce with France, regulation of the fur trade with the Indians, and the right to issue policy decrees on colonial affairs.
Who was the Chateau Frontenac named after?
Louis de Buade, count de Palluau etChâteau Frontenac, Quebec. The hotel takes its name from Louis de Buade, count de Palluau et de Frontenac, a key figure in New France history. Frontenac was the governor of the colony from 1672 to 1682, and again from 1689 to 1698, and is recognized for having defended it against British and Iroquois attacks.
Where was Louis de Buade Comte de Frontenac born?
Saint-Germain-en-Laye, FranceLouis de Buade de Frontenac / Place of birthOne of the most influential and controversial figures in Canadian history, Frontenac was born at St-Germain-en-Laye, France. As a member of the noblesse d'épée he was able in 1672 to secure the appointment as Governor-General of New France.
Who was governor Frontenac?
Louis de Buade FrontenacLouis de Buade Frontenac, Comte de, governor general of New France (born 22 May 1622 in St-Germain, France ; died 28 November 1698 in Québec City, New France). This imperious count had been an officer in the French and Venetian armies. In 1672 he obtained the governorship of Canada, in part, to put off his creditors.
What does the sovereign council do?
The council's power included the naming of judges and minor officials, control of public funds and commerce with France, regulation of the fur trade with the Indians, and the right to issue policy decrees on colonial affairs.
Who was Louis de Buade?
Louis de Buade, count de Palluau et de Frontenac, (born May 22, 1622, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, near Paris, France—died November 28, 1698, Quebec, New France [now in Canada]), French courtier and governor of New France (1672–82, 1689–98), who, despite a record of misgovernment, managed to encourage profitable explorations westward and to repel British and Iroquois attacks on New France.
How much did Frontenac's debts total?
Frontenac had great personal charm and much influence at court, but he was also egoistic and unscrupulous, as well as extravagant; by 1663 his debts amounted to more than 350,000 livres. In 1669 he took service as lieutenant general with the Venetian forces defending Crete against the Turks, but he had not been on the island long before he was dismissed from his post for intriguing against his superior officers.
What was the name of the French general who was appointed a Maréchal de Camp?
The young Frontenac served with the French armies during the Thirty Years’ War; by 1643, at the age of 21, he was colonel of the Régiment de Normandie, and in 1646 he was appointed a maréchal de camp (brigadier general).
Why did Louis XIV recall Frontenac?
In 1682 Louis XIV recalled Frontenac because of his misgovernment. (His successors eventually brought the Indians to terms.) When England declared war on France in May 1689, Frontenac was given command of an expedition to conquer the English province of New York.
Who was the governor of New France?
After he arrived in 1672, Louis de Buade, comte de Palluau et de Frontenac, the governor of New France, made a vigorous push into the continental interior. Frontenac had been directed to concentrate settlement in areas with easy sea access to France, but he defied those instructions in search of…
Who was the French explorer who landed in the Mississippi River?
Shortly afterward he became associated with the French explorer René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, who, with Frontenac’s support, obtained royal consent to continue the explorations of Louis Jolliet down the Mississippi River to its mouth.
Who was Louis de Buade Frontenac?
Louis de Buade Frontenac, Comte de, governor general of New France (born 22 May 1622 in St-Germain, France ; died 28 November 1698 in Québec City, New France). This imperious count had been an officer in the French and Venetian armies. In 1672 he obtained the governorship of Canada, in part, to put off his creditors.
Why did Frontenac give France a territorial empire?
The king and the minister for the colonies told administrators in Canada to confine French settlement to areas with direct maritime links with France, to gather colonists into defensible communities and to occupy settlers in farming and manual trades. The fur trade was blamed for the dispersal of manpower and for the military and economic weakness of New France. Frontenac used his authority to send out exploratory parties and to establish forts - trading posts really - to benefit his confederates in the fur trade. A network of forts appeared on the Great Lakes and along the tributaries of the Mississippi. Denial of this territory to the expanding British colonies led inevitably to war and eventually the end of France's North American empire.
His Early life
Frontenac was born in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, the son of Henri de Buade, colonel in the regiment of Navarre, and Anne Phélypeaux, daughter of Raymond Phélypeaux. The details of his early life are meager, as no trace of the Frontenac papers have been discovered. The de Buades, however, were a family of distinction in the principality of Bearn.
First term in New France
At this period the affairs of New France claimed the unexpected attention of the French court.
Second term in New France
The affairs of the colony were now in a critical condition; a man of experience and decision was needed to cope with the difficulties, and Louis XIV, who was not wanting in sagacity, wisely made choice of the choleric count to represent and uphold the power of France.
Honors
Many sites and landmarks were named to honor Louis de Buade de Frontenac. They include:
Who was Louis de Buade?
Louis de Buade, Comte de Frontenac et Palluau (1622-1698), was a controversial governor general of New France, architect of French westward expansion, and commander of French forces against the Iroquois and the English colonies during King William's War.
Who is Frontenac based on?
The most recent, and most critical, biography of Frontenac is W. J. Eccles, Frontenac, the Courtier Governor (1959). There are several others, all adulatory and all based on Francis Parkman, Count Frontenac and New France under Louis XIV (1877), a work which reflects the prejudices of the author and the values of his own society. General background studies which discuss Frontenac include Edgar McInnis, Canada: A Political and Social History (1947; rev. ed. 1959), and J. Bartlett Brebner, Canada: A Modern History (1960; rev. ed. 1970).
