Carter Doctrine
- Background. The Persian Gulf region was first proclaimed to be of national interest to the United States during World War II.
- The doctrine. The region which is now threatened by Soviet troops in Afghanistan is of great strategic importance: It contains more than two-thirds of the world's exportable oil.
- Implementation. ...
What was the Carter Doctrine Quizlet?
The Carter Doctrine was a policy proclaimed by President of the United States Jimmy Carter in his State of the Union Address on January 23, 1980, which stated that the United States would use military force if necessary to defend its national interests in the Persian Gulf.
What did Carter say about the Persian Gulf War?
In his speech, Carter declared that the United States would employ military force against any country that attempted to gain control of the Persian Gulf region.
What did Jimmy Carter do to protect the Middle East oil?
To ensure protection of Middle East oil, Carter declared that the United States would consider any attempt by an outside force (the Soviet Union) to gain control of the gulf region an assault on U.S. vital interests that would be repelled by military force if necessary.
What is the Reagan Corollary to Carter Doctrine?
Carter's successor, Ronald Reagan, extended the policy in October 1981 with what is sometimes called the "Reagan Corollary to the Carter Doctrine," which proclaimed that the United States would intervene to protect Saudi Arabia, whose security was believed to be threatened during the Iran–Iraq War.
What was the Carter Doctrine quizlet?
What was the Carter Doctrine? It was a statement that ended all trade with the SU. It formed an alliance with China (communist) and Israel (capitalist) to support the Afghan rebels. It stopped the SU having any control over the Middle East.
What was the Carter Doctrine GCSE?
The Carter Doctrine was announced and stated that the USA was prepared to use force to stop any country from gaining control over the oil rich states of the Middle East.
When was the Carter Doctrine issued?
The President elucidated what would become known as the Carter Doctrine in his State of the Union speech delivered to Congress on January 23, 1980.
What successes did Carter have with foreign policy?
He negotiated the Torrijos–Carter Treaties, which provided for the return of the Panama Canal to Panama in 1999. In an effort to end the Arab–Israeli conflict, he helped arrange the Camp David Accords between Israel and Egypt.
What was the Carter Doctrine BBC Bitesize?
The Carter Doctrine stated that the USA was prepared to use force to stop any country from gaining control over the oil rich states of the Middle East.
Which best describes the overall effect of President Carter's actions?
Which best describes the overall effect of President Carter's actions in response to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan? Carter's actions had no immediate effect on the Soviet Union.
Was the Carter Doctrine successful?
United States Senator Edward Kennedy charged that Carter had overreacted, exaggerated the Soviet threat, and failed to act diplomatically.
What decision did Carter make about the Panama Canal?
In Washington, President Jimmy Carter and Panamanian dictator Omar Torrijos sign a treaty agreeing to transfer control of the Panama Canal from the United States to Panama at the end of the 20th century.
On what did Carter base his foreign policy quizlet?
Carter believed that U.S. relations with foreign countries should be determined by how a country treated its citizens. Carter's emphasis on human rights led him to alter the U.S. relationship with a number of dictators.
What are some of Carter's major accomplishments?
Jimmy Carter served as the 39th President of the United States from 1977 to 1981. He was awarded the 2002 Nobel Peace Prize for work to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development.
What were Carter's goals regarding Iran and the hostages?
President Carter committed himself to the safe return of the hostages while protecting America's interests and prestige. He pursued a policy of restraint that put a higher value on the lives of the hostages than on American retaliatory power or protecting his own political future.
On what did Carter base his foreign policy quizlet?
Carter believed that U.S. relations with foreign countries should be determined by how a country treated its citizens. Carter's emphasis on human rights led him to alter the U.S. relationship with a number of dictators.
What was the outcome of Carter's meeting at Camp David in 1978?
The meetings ended with the signing in the East Room of the White House of "A Framework for Peace in the Middle East Agreed at Camp David" and a "Framework for the Conclusion of a Peace Treaty Between Egypt and Israel."
What is the Carter doctrine?
The Carter Doctrine was a policy proclaimed by President of the United States Jimmy Carter in his State of the Union Address on January 23, 1980, which stated that the United States would use military force, if necessary, to defend its national interests in the Persian Gulf.
What was President Carter's speech on the energy crisis?
In July 1979, responding to a national energy crisis, President Carter delivered his "Crisis of Confidence" speech, urging Americans to reduce their energy use to help lessen American dependence on foreign oil supplies.
What was the purpose of the Truman Doctrine?
The Truman Doctrine, which stated that the US would send military aid to countries threatened by Soviet communism, was used to strengthen both Iran and Saudi Arabia's security. In October 1950, President Truman wrote to Ibn Saud that "the United States is interested in the preservation of the independence and territorial integrity of Saudi Arabia.
Why did the Eisenhower doctrine call for US troops to be sent to the Middle East?
The Eisenhower Doctrine called for US troops to be sent to the Middle East to defend US allies against their Soviet-backed adversaries. Ultimately, the Nixon Doctrine's application provided military aid to Iran and Saudi Arabia so that US allies could ensure peace and stability there.
Who wrote the National Security Directive 63?
National Security Directive-63 ( PDF ), a policy outline written by Brzezinski and signed by Carter, giving an overview of the goals of the Carter Doctrine. Carter Doctrine and the Gulf War from the Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives. 1980 State of the Union Address, from the American Presidency Project.
Who was the president of the United States during the Iran-Iraq War?
Carter's successor, Ronald Reagan, extended the policy in October 1981 with what is sometimes called the "Reagan Corollary to the Carter Doctrine," which proclaimed that the United States would intervene to protect Saudi Arabia, whose security was believed to be threatened during the Iran–Iraq War.
Who was the senator who charged Carter with overreacting to the Soviet threat?
United States Senator Edward Kennedy charged that Carter had overreacted, exaggerated the Soviet threat, and failed to act diplomatically. Kennedy repeated these allegations during his 1980 Democratic presidential primary bid, in which he was defeated.
Carter Doctrine
Carter Doctrine (1980).Announced by President Jimmy Carter on 24 January 1980, the “Carter Doctrine” extended U.S. containment policy to the Persian Gulf region. Under pressure from containment advocates, Carter concluded that the 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan might be the first step in a threat to the Persian Gulf oil resources.
CARTER DOCTRINE
CARTER DOCTRINE. In response to the 1979 overthrow of the shah of Iran and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan the same year, President James Earl Carter warned in his January 1980 State of the Union address that "any attempt by any outside force to gain control of the Persian Gulf " would constitute a threat to vital U.S.
Why was the Carter doctrine drafted?
The Carter Doctrine was drafted to address the security of the Persian Gulf has grown in relevance after more than 50 years of American military presence in the region.
How many times has the Carter doctrine been used?
The Carter Doctrine has been applied twice ; in 1990 during the First Gulf War and in 2003 for the Second Gulf War.
What was Carter's response to the Soviet advance into Iran?
At the time, Carter's statement was widely considered to encompass the use of nuclear weapons in response to a Soviet advance into Iran. In February 1980, details of a Pentagon report emerged indicating that the United States might have to use tactical nuclear weapons in response to any Soviet military advance toward the Gulf. To add muscle to these pronouncements, the Carter administration began to build up the Rapid Deployment Force, what would eventually become CENTCOM. In the interim, the president relied heavily on naval power. Carter expanded the naval presence of the United States in the Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean
What was the Navy's strategy in the 1980s?
military. All the services began rethinking their strategy, operational concepts, tactics, and doctrine. By the early 1980s, the navy had developed what it termed the Maritime Strategy, a highly controversial concept even though it embraced the established post World War II practices of forward, offensive operations by carrier, amphibious, and attack submarine forces.
Who was the first president to declare the Carter doctrine?
The Carter Doctrine was proclaimed by President Jimmy Carter in his State of the Union Address on 23 January 1980. In it he said:
Who said the United States has vital interests in the region?
vital interests President Clinton's Defense Secretary William Perry said remarks to the Council on Foreign Relations: " Roosevelt was the first U.S. president to declare that the United States has vital interests in the region."
What is the name of the force that could be deployed from the United States to the Persian Gulf in the event of an?
So a consensus emerged to rebuild America's conventional fighting capability, beginning with a Rapid Deployment Force, the forerunner of CENTCOM which could be deployed from the United States to the Persian Gulf in the event of an emergency, without drawing down manpower from the NATO frontline.
What was the Carter doctrine?
By the following morning, the New York Times had given that policy a name: the Carter Doctrine. Although the Soviet invasion was the proximate trigger for the Carter Doctrine, momentum for the president's policy shift had been building over the previous two years. Much of that energy flowed from concern over the fate of Iran.
Why did the Carter doctrine continue to shape U.S. policy during the Cold War?
policy during the Cold War, largely because subsequent administrations bought into its premises. President Ronald Reagan and his advisers regarded the Soviet Union as an aggressive, expansionist power; if anything, they, and the Bush administration that was to follow, were even more willing to protect U.S. interests in the Persian Gulf from Soviet predations and political instability.
What did Détente allow the Soviets to do?
Détente, he surmised, had merely allowed the Soviets to continue their expansionist thrust there under the cover of superpower cooperation. In contrast to Vance's preference for conciliation, Brzezinski had been lobbying for a more aggressive stance toward Moscow since the earliest days of the administration.
What did Brzezinski say about Carter?
Responding to criticism that Carter had engaged in pandering and political grandstanding, Brzezinski defended his president, explaining that the administration needed to make such a proclamation if only to steel the public for the demands ahead.
What were the challenges of Nixon's administration?
Challenges to the Nixon administration emerged from both the right and left of the American political spectrum, questioning the moral basis as well as the geopolitical rationale of engaging the Soviets as equal partners. President James Earl Carter was no more adept at salvaging the spirit of cooperation than was President Gerald Ford ...
What did Carter say about the Persian Gulf?
Referring specifically to the Soviet invasion, Carter declared that "an attempt by any outside force to gain control of the Persian Gulf region will be regarded as an assault on the vital interests of the United States of America, and such an assault will be repelled by any means necessary, including military force." By the following morning, the New York Times had given that policy a name: the Carter Doctrine.
What was Carter's focus on?
Carter's focus on human rights alarmed Soviet leaders, who were accustomed to Nixon's disregard for such issues. From Carter's perspective, a series of events, including conflict in the Horn of Africa and the discovery of Soviet troops in Cuba, led Carter to adopt a more hawkish position toward the USSR.
Overview
The Carter Doctrine was a policy proclaimed by President of the United States Jimmy Carter in his State of the Union Address on January 23, 1980, which stated that the United States would use military force, if necessary, to defend its national interests in the Persian Gulf. It was a response to the Soviet Union's intervention in Afghanistan in 1979, and it was intended to deter the Soviet Uni…
Background
The Persian Gulf region was first proclaimed to be of national interest to the United States during World War II. Petroleum is centrally important to modern armies. The United States, the world's leading oil producer at the time, supplied most of the oil for the Allied armies. Many American strategists were concerned that the war would dangerously reduce the US's oil supply and so they sought to establish good relations with Saudi Arabia, a kingdom with large oil reserves. On Febru…
The doctrine
President Carter, in his State of the Union Address on January 23, 1980, after stating that Soviet troops in Afghanistan posed "a grave threat to the free movement of Middle East oil," proclaimed:
The region which is now threatened by Soviet troops in Afghanistan is of great strategic importance: It contains more than two-thirds of the world's exportabl…
Implementation
The Carter administration began to build up the Rapid Deployment Force, which would eventually become CENTCOM. In the interim, the administration asked Congress to restart Selective Service registration, proposed a five percent increase in military spending for each of the next five years, and expanded the US naval presence in the Persian Gulf and the Indian Ocean.
A negative response came from retired strategist George F. Kennan. United States Senator Edwa…
See also
• Reagan Doctrine
• US-Iran relations
Notes
1. ^ Brzezinski, Zbigniew. Power and Principle: Memoirs of the National Security Adviser, 1977-1981. New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 1983. ISBN 0-374-23663-1. pg. 444.
2. ^ Huang, Jennifer (March 19, 2003), "A Cold War Legacy of Persian Gulf Conflict", Independent Arts and Media, Newsdesk.org, archived from the original on August 19, 2008, retrieved 2008-10-16
External links
• National Security Directive-63 (PDF), a policy outline written by Brzezinski and signed by Carter, giving an overview of the goals of the Carter Doctrine.
• Carter Doctrine and the Gulf War from the Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives
• 1980 State of the Union Address, from the American Presidency Project.