what did the industrial revolution do

List of the Pros of the Industrial Revolution

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What are the bad things about the Industrial Revolution?

Bad Things About The Industrial Revolution

• Shortcomings Of The Industrial Revolution. ...
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What are 5 positive effects of the Industrial Revolution?

What were the pros and cons of the industrial revolution?

• Pro: Goods Became More Affordable and More Accessible.
• Pro: The Rapid Evolution of Labor-Saving Inventions.
• Pro: The Rapid Evolution of Medicine.
• Pro: Enhanced Wealth and Quality of Life of the Average Person.
• Pro: The Rise of Specialist Professions.
• Con: Overcrowding of Cities and Industrial Towns.

What did the Industrial Revolution do to the Unted States?

The Industrial Revolution resulted in greater wealth and a larger population in Europe as well as in the United States. How did industrialization contribute to city growth? Industrialization contributes to city growth because there were so many jobs that opened up lots of people came into the cities , making the population of them grow rapidly.

What were the positive and negative effects of the Industrial Revolution?

What were the positive and negative effects of Industrial Revolution? The positive effects of Industrialization are that it made work cheaper, employed thousands of workers, and improved people’s daily lives. Then the negative effects of Industrialization are exploitation of workers, overpopulation in urban cities and environmental damages.

What were the 3 main effects of the Industrial Revolution?

The Industrial Revolution had many positive effects. Among those was an increase in wealth, the production of goods, and the standard of living. People had access to healthier diets, better housing, and cheaper goods. In addition, education increased during the Industrial Revolution.

What was the main effect of the Industrial Revolution?

The Industrial Revolution transformed economies that had been based on agriculture and handicrafts into economies based on large-scale industry, mechanized manufacturing, and the factory system. New machines, new power sources, and new ways of organizing work made existing industries more productive and efficient.

What are 5 benefits of the Industrial Revolution?

What Are the Pros of the Industrial Revolution?It increased job opportunities. The industrial revolution made it possible for more people to have jobs. ... It inspired innovation. ... Production levels increased. ... Competition was created. ... It improved processes in virtually any sector. ... It reduced the influences of borders.

What work did the Industrial Revolution do?

The Industrial Revolution was a time of great progress. Large factories emerged that could mass produce goods at a low price. People flocked from their farms in the country to the cities to work in factories, mills, and mines.

What are 5 impacts of the Industrial Revolution?

10 Major Effects of the Industrial Revolution#1 The Factory System. ... #2 Rise of Capitalism. ... #3 Urbanization. ... #4 Exploitation of the Working Class. ... #5 Opportunity and Increase in the standard of living. ... #7 Technological Advancement. ... #8 Rise of Socialism and Marxism. ... #10 Pollution and Destruction of Environment.

What was the biggest change in the Industrial Revolution?

29.390) The most important of the changes that brought about the Industrial Revolution were (1) the invention of machines to do the work of hand tools, (2) the use of steam and later of other kinds of power, and (3) the adoption of the factory system.

What good came out of the Industrial Revolution?

The Industrial Revolution shifted from an agrarian economy to a manufacturing economy where products were no longer made solely by hand but by machines. This led to increased production and efficiency, lower prices, more goods, improved wages, and migration from rural areas to urban areas.

How did Industrial Revolution change society?

The Industrial Revolution brought rapid urbanization or the movement of people to cities. Changes in farming, soaring population growth, and an ever-increasing demand for workers led masses of people to migrate from farms to cities. Almost overnight, small towns around coal or iron mines mushroomed into cities.

Was the Industrial Revolution good or bad?

Despite all these ills, the Industrial Revolution had positive effects, such as creating economic growth and making goods more available. It also helped lead to the rise of a prosperous middle class that grabbed some of the economic power once held by aristocrats, and led to the rise of specialized jobs in industry.

What was life like during Industrial Revolution?

Poor workers were often housed in cramped, grossly inadequate quarters. Working conditions were difficult and exposed employees to many risks and dangers, including cramped work areas with poor ventilation, trauma from machinery, toxic exposures to heavy metals, dust, and solvents.

What impact did the Industrial Revolution have on the environment?

The Industrial Revolution impacted the environment. The world saw a major increase in population, which, along with an increase in living standards, led to the depletion of natural resources. The use of chemicals and fuel in factories resulted in increased air and water pollution and an increased use of fossil fuels.

How much did a child get paid in the Industrial Revolution?

1 shillingIn general, industrial workers were paid very small amounts and struggled to survive. For example, adult men were paid around 10 shillings per week, while women were paid 5 shillings for the same work, and children were paid just 1 shilling.

What was an effect of the Industrial Revolution quizlet?

What were the social effects of the Industrial Revolutions? It brought rapid urbanization and created a new industrial middle class and industrial working class. It brought material benefits and new opportunities, but also brought great hardships to factory workers and miners, especially women and children.

What was a major effect of the Industrial Revolution apex?

One of the major impacts of the Industrial Revolution was the development of industries that produced higher-quality goods in large quantities.

What are the long term effects of Industrial Revolution?

The long term effects of the Industrial Revolution include things like change in ideas, new ideas on how women should be treated, easier ways to manufacture products and better plans for the future and ways that the world should run.

What effect did the Industrial Revolution have on management?

The Industrial Revolution brought the growth of the factory system, enlarged markets and new scale technologies. The factory system brought large concentrations of workers and raw materials together, posing the problems of organizing, directing and controlling work.

Where and when did the Industrial Revolution take place?

Historians conventionally divide the Industrial Revolution into two approximately consecutive parts. What is called the first Industrial Revolution...

How did the Industrial Revolution change economies?

The Industrial Revolution transformed economies that had been based on agriculture and handicrafts into economies based on large-scale industry, me...

How did the Industrial Revolution change society?

The Industrial Revolution increased the overall amount of wealth and distributed it more widely than had been the case in earlier centuries, helpin...

What were some important inventions of the Industrial Revolution?

Important inventions of the Industrial Revolution included the steam engine, used to power steam locomotives, steamboats, steamships, and machines...

Who were some important inventors of the Industrial Revolution?

Important inventors of the Industrial Revolution included James Watt, who greatly improved the steam engine; Richard Trevithick and George Stephens...

How did industrialization affect the middle class?

Meanwhile, even as industrialization increased economic output overall and improved the standard of living for the middle and upper classes, poor and working class people continued to struggle. The mechanization of labor created by technological innovation had made working in factories increasingly tedious (and sometimes dangerous), and many workers were forced to work long hours for pitifully low wages. Such dramatic changes fueled opposition to industrialization, including the “ Luddites ,” known for their violent resistance to changes in Britain’s textile industry.

What were the major advances in communication during the Industrial Revolution?

The latter part of the Industrial Revolution also saw key advances in communication methods, as people increasingly saw the need to communicate efficiently over long distances. In 1837, British inventors William Cooke and Charles Wheatstone patented the first commercial telegraphy system, even as Samuel Morse and other inventors worked on their own versions in the United States. Cooke and Wheatstone’s system would be used for railroad signalling, as the speed of the new trains had created a need for more sophisticated means of communication.

What was the British textile industry before the Industrial Revolution?

But prior to the Industrial Revolution, the British textile business was a true “cottage industry,” with the work performed in small workshops or even homes by individual spinners, weavers and dyers.

Why did Britain make more mechanized factories?

More efficient, mechanized production meant Britain’s new textile factories could meet the growing demand for cloth both at home and abroad, where the nation’s many overseas colonies provided a captive market for its goods. In addition to textiles, the British iron industry also adopted new innovations.

How did the Industrial Revolution affect Britain?

Though many people in Britain had begun moving to the cities from rural areas before the Industrial Revolution, this process accelerated dramatically with industrialization, as the rise of large factories turned smaller towns into major cities over the span of decades. This rapid urbanization brought significant challenges, as overcrowded cities suffered from pollution, inadequate sanitation and a lack of clean drinking water.

What innovations made weaving easier?

Starting in the mid-18th century, innovations like the flying shuttle, the spinning jenny, the water frame and the power loom made weaving cloth and spinning yarn and thread much easier. Producing cloth became faster and required less time and far less human labor.

Why did Britain expand its iron and steel industry?

This method was both cheaper and produced higher-quality material, enabling Britain’s iron and steel production to expand in response to demand created by the Napoleonic Wars (1803-15) and the later growth of the railroad industry.

How did cheap cotton textiles increase the demand for raw cotton?

Cheap cotton textiles increased the demand for raw cotton; previously, it had primarily been consumed in subtropical regions where it was grown, with little raw cotton available for export. Consequently, prices of raw cotton rose. Some cotton had been grown in the West Indies, particularly in Hispaniola, but Haitian cotton production was halted by the Haitian Revolution in 1791. The invention of the cotton gin in 1792 allowed Georgia green seeded cotton to be profitable, leading to the widespread growth of cotton plantations in the United States and Brazil. In 1791 world cotton production was estimated to be 490,000,000 pounds with U.S. production accounting to 2,000,000 pounds. By 1800, U.S. production was 35,000,000 pounds, of which 17,790,000 were exported. In 1945 the U.S. produced seven-eights of the 1,169,600,000 pounds of world production.

What was the major change in the iron industry during the Industrial Revolution?

A major change in the iron industries during the Industrial Revolution was the replacement of wood and other bio-fuels with coal. For a given amount of heat, mining coal required much less labour than cutting wood and converting it to charcoal, and coal was much more abundant than wood, supplies of which were becoming scarce before the enormous increase in iron production that took place in the late 18th century.

How did the Industrial Revolution affect the working people?

The Industrial Revolution concentrated labour into mills, factories and mines, thus facilitating the organisation of combinations or trade unions to help advance the interests of working people. The power of a union could demand better terms by withdrawing all labour and causing a consequent cessation of production. Employers had to decide between giving in to the union demands at a cost to themselves or suffering the cost of the lost production. Skilled workers were hard to replace, and these were the first groups to successfully advance their conditions through this kind of bargaining.

What are the factors that facilitated industrialization?

Six factors facilitated industrialization: high levels of agricultural productivity to provide excess manpower and food; a pool of managerial and entrepreneurial skills; available ports, rivers, canals and roads to cheaply move raw materials and outputs; natural resources such as coal, iron and waterfalls; political stability and a legal system that supported business; and financial capital available to invest. Once industrialization began in Great Britain, new factors can be added: the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial expertise and the willingness to import the process. Britain met the criteria and industrialized starting in the 18th century. Britain exported the process to western Europe (especially Belgium, France and the German states) in the early 19th century. The United States copied the British model in the early 19th century and Japan copied the Western European models in the late 19th century.

How did industrialization contribute to the growth of urban areas?

Industrialisation led to the creation of the factory. The factory system contributed to the growth of urban areas, as large numbers of workers migrated into the cities in search of work in the factories. Nowhere was this better illustrated than the mills and associated industries of Manchester, nicknamed " Cottonopolis ", and the world's first industrial city. Manchester experienced a six-times increase in its population between 1771 and 1831. Bradford grew by 50% every ten years between 1811 and 1851 and by 1851 only 50% of the population of Bradford was actually born there.

What was the dominant industry of the Industrial Revolution?

Textiles were the dominant industry of the Industrial Revolution in terms of employment, value of output and capital invested. The textile industry was also the first to use modern production methods. The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain, and many of the technological innovations were of British origin.

How many steam engines were built in 1800?

A total of 1,454 engines had been built by 1800. Newcomen's steam-powered atmospheric engine was the first practical piston steam engine. Subsequent steam engines were to power the Industrial Revolution. A fundamental change in working principles was brought about by Scotsman James Watt.

What fuel was used to make iron?

In this time-honored craft, Britain’s wood shortage necessitated a switch from wood charcoal to coke, a coal product, in the smelting process. The substitute fuel eventually proved highly beneficial for iron production. Experimentation led to some other advances in metallurgical methods during the 18 th century. For example, a certain type of furnace that separated the coal and kept it from contaminating the metal, and a process of “puddling” or stirring the molten iron, both made it possible to produce larger amounts of wrought iron. Wrought iron is more malleable than cast iron and therefore more suitable for fabricating machinery and other heavy industrial applications.

How did steam engines help the British?

They swiftly became the standard power supply for British, and, later, European industry. The steam engine turned the wheels of mechanized factory production. Its emergence freed manufacturers from the need to locate their factories on or near sources of water power.

What was the main source of energy for England during the Industrial Revolution?

Deforestation in England had led to a shortage of wood for lumber and fuel starting in the 16 th century. The country’s transition to coal as a principal energy source was more or less complete by the end of the 17 th century. The mining and distribution of coal set in motion some of the dynamics that led to Britain’s industrialization. The coal-fired steam engine was in many respects the decisive technology of the Industrial Revolution.

How did railroads impact the economy?

Railroads became one of the world’s leading industries as they expanded the frontiers of industrial society. The use of steam-powered machines in cotton production pushed Britain's economic development from 1750 to 1850 .

Why is the Industrial Revolution considered the most profound revolution in human history?

It has been said that the Industrial Revolution was the most profound revolution in human history, because of its sweeping impact on people’s daily lives. The term “industrial revolution” is a succinct catchphrase to describe a historical period, starting in 18 th -century Great Britain, where the pace of change appeared to speed up.

What is the definition of forest destruction?

destruction or removal of forests and their undergrowth.

What was the enclosure movement?

The enclosure movement, which converte d common-use pasture land into private property, contributed to this trend toward market-oriented agriculture. A great many rural workers and families were forced by circumstance to migrate to the cities to become industrial laborers. Energy.

How did the Industrial Revolution affect society?

It would be challenging to find many aspects of life that were not altered by the first industrialization period on the economy, production, and people.

What was the beginning of the per capita economy?

per capita began to grow with the industrial revolution, alongside the development of the modern capitalist economy. It was the beginning of consistent GDP growth for the next century. Countries that capitalized on industrialization started to rely less on imports and became more self-sufficient.

What were the downsides of the Industrial Revolution?

As a result of the extremely rapid changes in production, cities and governments saw new problems arise . Inner-city pollution saw an abrupt rise from factories and increased population as more workers moved to the cities .

How did economies of scale affect the economy?

Through economies of scale, businesses streamlined their processes and created more products at reduced costs. It increased employment opportunities and the wages associated with them. Workers flocked to cities to find work at the factories being set up, which, in the beginning, often paid more than farming.

Why did factories increase the demand for housing in cities?

It also increased the demand for housing in cities, subsequently improving the overall city layout, planning, and education systems. Due to increased education and the need for more advanced technologies, new inventions skyrocketed. Such a mindset ultimately continued to accelerate the revolution and all of its beneficiaries.

What is the definition of GDP?

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Gross domestic product (GDP) is a standard measure of a country’s economic health and an indicator of its standard of living.

Why did the working conditions in factories decrease?

Additionally, working conditions in factories decreased as companies tried to cut costs and become more profitable to stay ahead of their competitors. Child labor and employee health issues arose. The governments ended up implementing labor, pollution, and other regulations to ensure the safety of its people and the economy.

How did the Industrial Revolution affect the middle class?from britannica.com

The Industrial Revolution increased the overall amount of wealth and distributed it more widely than had been the case in earlier centuries, helping to enlarge the middle class. However, the replacement of the domestic system of industrial production, in which independent craftspersons worked in or near their homes, with the factory system and mass production consigned large numbers of people, including women and children, to long hours of tedious and often dangerous work at subsistence wages. Their miserable conditions gave rise to the trade union movement in the mid-19th century.

What were the changes in nonindustrial society?from britannica.com

There were also many new developments in nonindustrial spheres, including the following: (1) agricultural improvements that made possible the provision of food for a larger nonagricultural population, (2) economic changes that resulted in a wider distribution of wealth, the decline of land as a source of wealth in the face of rising industrial production, and increased international trade, (3) political changes reflecting the shift in economic power, as well as new state policies corresponding to the needs of an industrialized society, (4) sweeping social changes, including the growth of cities, the development of working-class movements, and the emergence of new patterns of authority, and (5) cultural transformations of a broad order . Workers acquired new and distinctive skills, and their relation to their tasks shifted; instead of being craftsmen working with hand tools, they became machine operators, subject to factory discipline. Finally, there was a psychological change: confidence in the ability to use resources and to master nature was heightened.

How did agrarian societies evolve into industrial states?from britannica.com

What is certainly known, though, is that the changes that took place in Great Britain during the Industrial Revolutionof the late 18th and 19th centuries provided a prototypefor the early industrializing nations of western Europeand North America. Along with its technological components (e.g., the mechanizationof labourand the reliance upon inanimate sources of energy), the process of industrialization entailed profound social developments. The freeing of the labourer from feudal and customary obligations created a free marketin labour, with a pivotal role for a specific social type, the entrepreneur. Cities drew large numbers of people off the land, massing workers in the new industrial towns and factories.

What was the development of modern Europe between the 1780s and 1849?from britannica.com

Undergirding the development of modern Europe between the 1780s and 1849 was an unprecedented economic transformation that embraced the first stages of the great Industrial Revolution and a still more general expansion of commercial activity. Articulate Europeans were initially more impressed….

How did the Industrial Revolution change the economy?from britannica.com

The Industrial Revolution transformed economies that had been based on agriculture and handicrafts into economies based on large-scale industry, mechan ized manufacturing, and the factory system . New machines, new power sources, and new ways of organizing work made existing industries more productive and efficient.

What were the main features of the Industrial Revolution?from britannica.com

The main features involved in the Industrial Revolution were technological, socioeconomic, and cultural . The technological changes included the following: (1) the use of new basic materials, chiefly iron and steel, (2) the use of new energy sources, including both fuels and motive power, such as coal, the steam engine, electricity, petroleum, and the internal-combustion engine, (3) the invention of new machines, such as the spinning jenny and the power loom that permitted increased production with a smaller expenditure of human energy, (4) a new organization of work known as the factory system, which entailed increased division of labour and specialization of function, (5) important developments in transportation and communication, including the steam locomotive, steamship, automobile, airplane, telegraph, and radio, and (6) the increasing application of science to industry. These technological changes made possible a tremendously increased use of natural resources and the mass production of manufactured goods.

Why were railroads important in the Civil War?from thoughtco.com

By the start of the Civil War, railroads were of supreme importance to increased trade throughout the United States . Lines linked the most important Midwestern cities with the Atlantic coast, fueling the Midwest's industrial growth.

How did mass production affect the economy?

Mass production lowered the costs of much-needed tools, clothes, and other household items for the common (that is, nonaristocratic) people , which allowed them to save money for other things and build personal wealth. In addition, as new manufacturing machines were invented and new factories were built, new employment opportunities arose. No longer was the average person so closely tied to land -related concerns (such as being dependent upon the wages farm labor could provide or the plant and animal products farms could produce). Industrialization reduced the emphasis on landownership as the chief source of personal wealth. The rising demand for manufactured goods meant that average people could make their fortunes in cities as factory employees and as employees of businesses that supported the factories, which paid better wages than farm-related positions. Generally speaking, people could save some portion of their wages, and many had the opportunity to invest in profitable businesses, thereby growing their family “nest eggs.” The subsequent growth of the middle class in the United Kingdom and other industrializing societies meant that it was making inroads into the pool of economic power held by the aristocracy. Their greater buying power and importance in society led to changes in laws that were updated to better handle the demands of an industrialized society.

How did the Industrial Revolution affect the environment?

With relatively few exceptions, the world’s modern environmental problems began or were greatly exacerbated by the Industrial Revolution. To fuel the factories and to sustain the output of each and every type of manufactured good, natural resources (water , trees, soil, rocks and minerals, wild and domesticated animals, etc.) were transformed, which reduced the planet’s stock of valuable natural capital. The global challenges of widespread water and air pollution, reductions in biodiversity, destruction of wildlife habitat, and even global warming can be traced back to this moment in human history. The more countries industrialize in pursuit of their own wealth, the greater this ecological transformation becomes. For example, atmospheric carbon dioxide, a primary driver of global warming, existed in concentrations of 275 to 290 parts per million by volume (ppmv) before 1750 and increased to more than 400 ppmv by 2017. In addition, human beings use more than 40% of Earth’s land-based net primary production, a measure of the rate at which plants convert solar energy into food and growth. As the world’s human population continues to grow and more and more people strive for the material benefits promised by the Industrial Revolution, more and more of Earth’s resources are appropriated for human use, leaving a dwindling stock for the plants and animals upon whose ecosystem services (clean air, clean water, etc.) the biosphere depends.

How did industrialization affect the factories?

As industrialization progressed, more and more rural folk flocked to the cities in search of better pay in the factories. To increase the factories’ overall efficiency and to take advantage of new opportunities in the market, factory workers were trained to perform specialized tasks. Factory owners divided their workers into different groups, each group focusing on a specific task. Some groups secured and transported to the factories raw materials (namely iron, coal, and steel) used in mass production of goods, while other groups operated different machines. Some groups of workers fixed machines when they broke down, while others were charged with making improvements to them and overall factory operation.

What did the rising demand for manufactured goods mean?

The rising demand for manufactured goods meant that average people could make their fortunes in cities as factory employees and as employees of businesses that supported the factories, which paid better wages than farm-related positions.

How many hours did factory workers work?

Factory workers often labored 14–16 hours per day six days per week. Men’s meager wages were often more than twice those of women.

What natural resources were transformed to reduce the planet's stock of valuable natural capital?

To fuel the factories and to sustain the output of each and every type of manufactured good, natural resources (water, trees, soil, rocks and minerals, wild and domesticated animals, etc.) were transformed, which reduced the planet’s stock of valuable natural capital.

What raw materials were used in mass production?

Some groups secured and transported to the factories raw materials (namely iron, coal, and steel) used in mass production of goods, while other groups operated different machines.

How did Marx and Engels overthrow capitalism?

According to Marx and Engels, the only way to overthrow capitalism was by means of a class struggle between the proletariat (industrial workers) and the bourgeoisie (wealthy owners). They argued that this workers revolution was necessary before any significant changed could be made in society.

What was the economic system of the Industrial Revolution?

During the early 19th century many people began to question whether or not laissez-faire capitalism was meeting the needs of all people in society. Laissez-faire capitalism was the dominant economic system in Europe at the time and, in general, was based upon little or no government intervention in the economy. In fact, some argued that laissez-faire capitalism was causing a wide income gap in society between business owners and the working class. Socialism developed as a response to how some felt about laissez-faire capitalism and its apparent failings. For example, early socialists argued that laissez-faire capitalism led to several issues of the Industrial Revolution, including: child labor, dangerous and dirty working conditions and a lack of basic workers’ rights. Therefore, socialism is a left-wing economic system that favors government intervention in the economy in order to try to decrease the imbalances created by laissez-faire capitalism. In general, socialism was favored by working class people, as it sought to create a more equitable distribution of income. With that said, historians acknowledge several different types of socialism that each formed over different periods of time. For instance, early socialist movements that developed in the timeframe of the Industrial Revolution included Utopian Socialism and Marxism , and Democratic Socialism. The central difference between these types of socialism is the degree to which they support government intervention and what types of political systems they are combined with.

Why was capitalism important to the Industrial Revolution?

Capitalism caused the Industrial Revolution because industrialization required significant work and investment from individuals and not necessarily the government.

What was the Industrial Revolution?

The Industrial Revolution is one of the most significant events in all of world history and had a profound impact on the modern world. It began first in Britain in the 1700s but soon expanded to the rest of Europe and North America. When discussing the economics of the Industrial Revolution it's first ...

What were the main industries that benefitted from the Industrial Revolution?

The textile industry was based on the development of cloth and clothing, and was the main industry that benefitted from the early developments of the Industrial Revolution. For example, some of the main textile related inventions of the Industrial Revolution included: power loom, spinning jenny, flying shuttle, water frame and cotton gin .

Why were wealthy entrepreneurs important during the Industrial Revolution?

For example, in Britain, where the Industrial Revolution began, wealthy entrepreneurs were important because they used their wealth to create factories and mines. This investment from individuals, whose actions were guided by the profit motive, would not have been possible without the emergence of capitalism.

What was the purpose of the factory system?

The factory system is a term that historians use to refer to the development of centralized factories or mills that produced goods on a mass scale. Throughout the 1700s, inventors such as Richard Arkwright , ...

What was the end of the Golden Experiment?

The End of the Golden Experiment. Though Lowell remained attractive to young women in 1843, the city's "golden era" was all but over. Lowell's early success spawned competition: investors saw the potential for huge profits, and new industrial cities sprang up along the country's waterways. Textile prices fell.

What was the largest industrial center in the United States in 1843?

During the next 25 years, they built additional mills and an intricate system of canals that supplied water power to the mills. By 1843, Lowell was the largest industrial center in the United States.

How did industrialization affect women?

Even as industrialization opened new opportunities for some women, it worked to confine others to a more narrowly defined role within the home. In cities such as Lowell, women were in a unique environment in which to recognize both life's possibilities, and the social, economic, and political forces that defined and shaped their existence. Women's visibility as wage earners during the early Industrial Revolution was precedent setting, and has enduring relevance to our lives today.

How many women left the Spindles?

Life in the City of Spindles. By 1843, nearly 30,000 women had left farms to work in the city's ten major textile companies. In Lowell, women could earn money, and take advantage of the city's cultural offerings. Many women lived in boardinghouses owned and managed by the corporations.

What was the first half of the 19th century?

The first half of the 19th century was a time of great change. Industrialization brought new opportunities for employment, changing ideas of work, and economic cycles of boom and bust. During this period, women's roles changed dramatically. Industrialization redefined the role of women in the home, at the same time opening new opportunities ...

Why did Lowell's women work in the mills?

Many of Lowell’s female works saw their jobs in the mills as a temporarily experience that would broaden their horizons and allow them to save money for marriage and motherhood. Those who achieved this ideal faced marriage and divorce laws that gave all rights to men. Married women had no legal existence.

What was the role of women in pre-industrial America?

Within this context, the status of men and women was relatively equal. Men were the heads of households, but the role of women as caretakers and producers of goods, such as food and clothing, was equally important. With the first stages of industrialization, these patterns changed.

How did the Industrial Revolution negatively affect society?

The Industrial Revolution negatively affected society by creating a need for new technologies, which in turn led to a rise in prices of goods and a decrease in the quality of life for many people.

How did the Industrial Revolution affect labor?

The Industrial Revolution affected labor in many ways. It led to the development of machines that could be used to produce more products, which in turn led to the rise of labor productivity. Additionally, it led to the development of factories, which allowed for the mass production of goods.

How did the political situation in England support industrialization?

The political situation in England supported industrialization because the government subsidized the development of industry, which led to increased production and employment.

What political changes occurred during the Industrial Revolution?

There were a number of political changes that occurred during the Industrial Revolution. The most important changes were the rise of socialism and the fall of the British monarchy.

How did the Industrial Revolution affect America?

The Industrial Revolution in America affected the economy, society, and politics. It began in England in the late 17th century and spread to America in the mid-19th century. The Industrial Revolution was a time of great change in the United States. It led to the development of new technologies, such as the locomotive and the airplane.

What political changes in Europe occurred from industrialization?

Political changes in Europe occurred from industrialization. This was due to the increase in production and the spread of technology.

How did the Industrial Revolution contribute to population growth?

The Industrial Revolution led to increased production and population growth. This increased production allowed for more people to be born, which in turn led to more people living in urban areas and creating a larger population.

Overview

Etymology

Requirements

Important technological developments

Social effects

Industrialisation beyond Great Britain

Second Industrial Revolution

New Industrialism

The Impact of The Industrial Revolution

Financing and Banking

Summary

• The Industrial Revolution, also known as the First Industrial Revolution, changed the way companies operated and resulted in an everlasting impact on the societies we see today. It stretched across the 1700s to 1800s. Through economies of scale, businesses streamlined their processes and created more products at reduced costs. It increased employme...

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