Sturmabteilung
The Sturmabteilung, literally Storm Detachment, was the Nazi Party's original paramilitary. It played a significant role in Adolf Hitler's rise to power in the 1920s and 1930s. Its primary purposes were providing protection for Nazi rallies and assemblies, disrupting the meetings of opposin…
Who were the SA and what did they do?
The Sturmabteilung, or SA, was a paramilitary organization associated with the Nazi Party. The SA was integral to the rise of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party, violently enforcing party norms and attempting to influence elections. After Hitler purged the SA during the Night of the Long Knives in 1934, the SA lost most of its power to the Schutzstaffel, or SS, although the SA did not …
What does SA stand for?
SA, abbreviation of Sturmabteilung (German: “Assault Division”), byname Storm Troopers or Brownshirts, German Sturmtruppen or Braunhemden, in the German Nazi Party, a paramilitary organization whose methods of violent intimidation played a key …
What was the role of the SA in Nazi Germany?
The SA were formed in 1921 and were known as ‘brownshirts’ due to their brown uniform. Initially most members were ex-soldiers or unemployed men. Violent and often disorderly, the SA were primarily responsible for the protection of leading Nazis and disrupting other political opponents’ meetings, although they often had a free rein on their activities.
What was the South African Army?
SA service develops comradeship, toughness, strength (1941) During the Second World War the SA had a role in air-raid duties. The International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg decided that the SA was not guilty of war crimes: "Up until the purge beginning on June 30, 1934, the SA was a group composed in large part of ruffians and bullies who participated in the outrages of that …
What is the purpose of a SA?
The SA (sinoatrial) node generates an electrical signal that causes the upper heart chambers (atria) to contract. The signal then passes through the AV (atrioventricular) node to the lower heart chambers (ventricles), causing them to contract, or pump. The SA node is considered the pacemaker of the heart.
What is the SA in history?
SA, abbreviation of Sturmabteilung (German: “Assault Division”), byname Storm Troopers or Brownshirts, German Sturmtruppen or Braunhemden, in the German Nazi Party, a paramilitary organization whose methods of violent intimidation played a key role in Adolf Hitler's rise to power.Mar 12, 2022
What was the original purpose of the SS?
The SS. The SS (Schutzstaffel, or Protection Squads) was originally established as Adolf Hitler's personal bodyguard unit. It would later become both the elite guard of the Nazi Reich and Hitler's executive force prepared to carry out all security-related duties, without regard for legal restraint.
What was the SA quizlet?
SA This was the Nazi paramilitary force which protected Hitler and played a key role in his rise to power. One of the first SA leaders was Hermann Goering. The SA was important because they were responsible for most of the violence against Jews as well as allowing Hitler to rise to power.
Who was the Reichstag?
The Reichstag (English: Imperial Diet) was the lower house of the legislature of the Weimar Republic. It originated in the creation of the Weimar Constitution in 1919.
Who were the black shirts and the brown shirts?
The ethos and sometimes the uniform were later copied by others who shared Mussolini's political ideas, including Adolf Hitler in Nazi Germany, who issued brown shirts to the "Storm Troops" (Sturmabteilung) and black uniforms to the "Defense Squad" (Schutzstaffel, also colloquially known as "Brownshirts", because they ...
How many German soldiers froze to death in Russia?
The Massacre of Feodosia refers to the killing of 150–160 wounded members of the Wehrmacht by soldiers of the Red Army, between 29 December 1941 and 1 January 1942 in the harbor city of Feodosia on the Crimean peninsula.
What is the B called in German?
In German, the ß character is called eszett. It's used in “Straße,” the word for street, and in the expletive “Scheiße.” It's often transliterated as “ss,” and strangely enough, it's never had an official uppercase counterpart. The letter “a” has “A” and “b” has “B,” while ß had… nothing.Jul 20, 2017
How good were the Waffen-SS?
Although the Waffen-SS gained a reputation during the war for ferociousness and tenacity, and this reputation grew significantly during the postwar period, their actual combat success was more mixed and prosaic. Some Waffen-SS formations fought rather well, but others' performance was not terribly impressive.Feb 11, 2019
What was the original purpose of the SS quizlet?
what was the SS? The SS was originally the private gaurd to hitler and important figures within the Nazi party. Later the SS' main role was a means to which the Nazi's could terrorise or intimidate germans.
Why did the Soviet Union join the Allies?
1 Answer. The Soviet Union joined the Allies because Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union.Feb 12, 2017
What was the Weimar Republic and why did it fail?
Arguably the most significant reason why the Weimar Republic failed was the onset of the Great Depression. The economic collapse of 1929 had dire effects on Germany. By 1932, two-fifths of the German workforce or some six million people were without a job.Oct 14, 2019
What was the SA doing during the Nazi regime?
During the early days of the Nazi regime, the SA carried out unchecked street violence against Jews and Nazi opponents. But it was eyed with suspicion by the regular army and by the wealthy industrialists, two groups whose support Hitler was trying to secure.
When was the SA reorganized?
Temporarily in disarray after the failure of Hitler’s Munich Putsch in 1923, the SA was reorganized in 1925 and soon resumed its violent ways, intimidating voters in national and local elections.
What did the SA men wear?
Outfitted in brown uniforms after the fashion of Benito Mussolini ’s Fascist Blackshirts in Italy, the SA men protected party meetings, marched in Nazi rallies, and physically assaulted political opponents.
What did the BDM do?
The BDM advocated traditional national socialist ideas to indoctrinate girls in Germany in Nazi values. Courtesy of The Wiener Holocaust Library Collections. The League of German Girls (or BDM) was the female equivalent to the Hitler Youth.
When did Hitler establish the Schutzstaffel?
Courtesy of The Wiener Holocaust Library Collections. Hitler established the Schutzstaffel or SS in 1925. They soon became essential to the Nazi Party. Here a group of SS men are pictured sitting at a table in their recognisable black uniform in the early 1940’s. Courtesy of The Wiener Holocaust Library Collections.
What factors helped the Nazis rise to power?
One of the factors that helped the Nazis rise to power was propaganda. The Nazis used propaganda throughout the late 1920’s and early 1930’s to boost Hitler’s image, and, as a result of this and other aspects, he became extremely popular. In this image, Hitler can be seen crowded around by a group of young men.
Who was the Nazi leader who spread the Nazi ideology?
Whilst Goebbels played the primary role in creating Nazi Propaganda and the Hitler myth, Dietrich was also key in spreading the Nazi ideology through publications and newspapers from an early stage. Courtesy of The Wiener Holocaust Library Collections. 1 / 2. A Nazi Party poster, reading ‘The Struggle for Germany’.
What was the conservative elite?
They believed that a return to authoritarian rule was the only stable future for Germany which would protect their power and money.
What happened in 1932?
By 1932, Germany had reached breaking point. The economic crisis, which in turn had led to widespread social and political unrest in Germany, meant that it could no longer afford to pay reparations. At the Lausanne Conference held in Switzerland, from the 16 June 1932 to the 9 July 1932, the Allies conceded and indefinitely suspended Germany’s reparation payments.
Who was the Nazi leader in 1923?
Courtesy of The Wiener Holocaust Library Collections. Whilst Hitler was in prison following the Munich Putsch in 1923, Alfred Rosenberg took over as temporary leader of the Nazi Party. Rosenberg was an ineffective leader and the party became divided over key issues.
What was the role of the Brownshirts in the Second World War?
The SA was instrumental in the Nazi’s rise to power yet played a diminished role during the Second World War. The Brownshirts are infamous for their operation outside of the law and their violent intimidation of Germany’s leftists and Jewish population. However, it was the SA’s thuggish vigilantism, independence from the regular army ...
When did the Brownshirts swell?
Its ranks swelled into the thousands during the 1920s and into the 1930s. Though Röhm left the Nazi Party, and Germany, during the later half of the 1920s, he returned to lead the Brownshirts in 1931 and watched its numbers swell to 2 million within only 2 years – twenty times as large as the number of troops and officers in the regular German Army.
Why were the Brownshirts disbanded?
The organisation was officially disbanded in 1945 when Germany fell to the Allied Powers.
What is the meaning of the word "sign me up"?
Sign Me Up. Hitler at an SA parade in Nuremberg in 1935. The SA — Sturmabteilung, meaning ‘assault division’ — also known as the Brownshirts or Storm Troopers, was a violent paramilitary group attached to the Nazi Party in pre-World War Two Germany. The SA was instrumental in the Nazi’s rise to power yet played a diminished role during ...
Why did Hitler need the SA on the streets?
He therefore accepted Hindenburg’s requets and kept the SA off the streets for the election.
What happened at the end of the Night of the Long Knives?
The Night of the Long Knives removed all opposition to Hitler within the Nazi Party and gave power to the SS , ending the revolutionary period of Nazism. Dan talks to Tim Tate about the uncomfortable history of the Nazi secret service's operations in the UK. Listen Now.
What was Röhm's main goal?
Hitler’s main consideration was to ensure the loyalty to his regime of the German establishment.
What is the SA in the NSDAP?
Origins of the SA. Until the summer of 1934, the Sturmabteilung (SA) was the largest and most feared paramilitary branch of the NSDAP. The SA traced its origins back to the first weeks of the party when fist-happy NSDAP members were given free beer to provide security at meetings and rallies. This group was full of burly ex-soldiers, beer-hall ...
What did Hitler want from von Salomon?
Hitler wanted a paramilitary force that could take control of the streets. The Nazi leader did not want the SA becoming so powerful and independently minded that it might challenge his own power.
How many troops were in the SA in 1933?
By late 1933, the SA had around three million troopers and Rohm had been elevated to the Nazi ministry. The rapid growth of the SA was of great concern, not just to Hitler but also the Reichswehr (which under the terms of the Versailles treaty was still legally limited to just 100,000 men).
What was Hitler's army called?
By September 1921, Hitler had fashioned these men into his own private army. He chose the name Sturmabteilung (‘Stormtroops’) and ordered they be outfitted in military-style uniforms.
What is the Sturmabteilung?
The Sturmabteilung (SA) The Sturmabteilung (SA) was the first of the NSDAP’s paramilitary organisations. Formed essentially as the party’s militia, the SA grew into a veritable private army and a distinct political movement.
What were the Nazi paramilitary groups?
Paramilitary groups like the SA and Schutzstaffel (SS) embodied the Nazi fascination with militarism, authoritarianism, order and discipline. These groups had their own uniforms, rank structures, awards and training regimes. Unlike the Reichswehr, however, their members swore loyalty to Hitler and the party, not to Germany.
How many SA troops backed Hitler?
In November 1923, around 600 SA troopers backed Hitler when he attempted to overthrow the Bavarian government. They were joined by an additional 1,500 SA men the following day. This small army marched alongside Hitler toward the centre of Munich, before engaging in gun battles with the local police.
What did Hitler consider the Brownshirts shock troops for?
He considered his Brownshirts shock troops for a revolution that was never to be made. His problem was to maintain the spirit of the of the SA without allowing it to move into revolutionary action.
What party did Hitler use to break up meetings?
Adolf Hitler used Röhm's brownshirts to break-up meetings held by the German Communist Party (KPD) and the Social Democratic Party (SDP). By 1932 there were nearly 2 million members of the SA and they easily won the "battle of the streets against the Communists".
When did Hitler take over the Sturmabteilung?
A Brownshirt Parade (1929) On 2nd September 1930 Hitler relieved Franz Pfeffer von Salomon of his command. Hitler assumed temporary leadership of the Sturmabteilung but decided to forgive Röhm for past indiscretions. A telegram was dispatched from Munich to La Paz.
How many people attended Goebbels' funeral?
However, every attempt was made to get as many SA men on the streets as possible. Goebbels wrote in his diary that the funeral was attended by around 30,000 people.
What was the task of the SA in the Battle of the Streets?
The SA was assigned the task of winning the battle of the streets against the Communists.
What was Röhm's problem with the SA?
His problem was to maintain the spirit of the of the SA without allowing it to move into revolutionary action. Above all, he was determined to keep it from a conflict with the Army. Röhm, on the other hand, saw the SA not only as the backbone of the Nazi movement but as the nucleus of a revolutionary army.".
Who were the three people who opposed socialism?
Ernst Röhm, Gregor Strasser and Joseph Goebbels represented the urban, socialist, revolutionary trend, whereas Gottfried Feder reflected rural, racialist and populist ideas. At the conference Hitler made a two-hour speech where he opposed the socialism of Röhm, Goebbels and Strasser.
How many people were in the streets in 1931?
Hitler ordered Rőhm to take “possession of the streets” as the streets held “the key to the power of the state”. In 1931, there were 100,000 men in the SA. In 1932 there were 400,000. President Hindenburg refused to allow SA men onto the streets during the 1932 Presidential election.
Why was the Sturmabteilung named after Hitler?
The name Sturmabteilung was first used in late 1921 when it was led by Captain Pfeiffer von Salomon. Because speaking in public was potentially a dangerous matter when politics was concerned, the original task of the SA was to protect Hitler as such events usually attracted the Communists and frequently ended in violence and disorder.
What was the purpose of the SA?
In his mind Rőhm had a very clear idea as to the purpose of the SA. Rőhm saw the SA as a revolutionary force that would be the spearhead of Nazism. Rőhm believed that there would be a revolution in Germany and that he would be at the front of it.
How did the SA get its name?
The SA got their nickname from the colour of the shirts they wore. From 1921 to 1933 the SA disrupted the meetings of Adolf Hitler’s political opponents as well as defended the halls where Hitler was making a speech in public. According to the Nuremberg Military Tribunal, the SA was made up of “ruffians” and “bullies”.
What was the SA made of?
According to the Nuremberg Military Tribunal, the SA was made up of “ruffians” and “bullies”. However, it played a very important role in the first years of the Nazi Party.
Who was Hitler's chief of staff?
Rőhm was Chief of Staff. Below him were senior groups, groups, lower groups, regiments, battalions, Storm Troops, troops and then bands. Rőhm covered just about every aspect of structure within the SA. Hitler ordered Rőhm to take “possession of the streets” as the streets held “the key to the power of the state”.
When did the Night of the Long Knives happen?
The result was the Night of the Long Knives in June 1934. From 1934 to 1935, the SA was in a form of limbo. In 1935, a reorganisation took place. Men aged between 18 and 35 were sent on active service with the German military. Those members of the SA aged between 35 and 45 were put in the reserves.
Who was the leader of the SA?
The day-to-day running of the SA was conducted by the Stabschef-SA (SA Chief of Staff); a position Hitler designated for Ernst Röhm. After Hitler's assumption of the supreme command of the SA, it was the Stabschef-SA who was generally accepted as the Commander of the SA, acting in Hitler's name.
Why was the SA unit reorganized?
From April 1924 until late February 1925, the SA was reorganized into a front organization known as the Frontbann to circumvent Bavaria 's ban on the Nazi Party and its organs. (This had been instituted after the abortive Beer Hall putsch of November 1923).
What were the storm troops called?
In his 1936 Hitler: A Biography, German historian Konrad Heiden remarked that within the SA ranks, there were "large numbers of Communists and Social Democrats" and that "many of the storm troops were called 'beefsteaks' – brown outside and red within." The influx of non-Nazis into the Sturmabteilung membership was so prevalent that SA men would joke that "In our storm troop there are three Nazis, but we shall soon have spewed them out."
What was Hitler's DAP?
The DAP ( Deutsche Arbeiterpartei, German Workers' Party) was formed in Munich in January 1919, and Adolf Hitler joined it in September of that year. His talents for speaking, publicity and propaganda were quickly recognized.
How many people were in the SA in 1933?
By the end of 1933, the SA numbered more than 3 million men, and many believed they were the replacement for the "antiquated" Reichswehr.
What was the official uniform of the SA?
The official uniform of the SA was the brown shirt with a brown tie. The color came about because a large shipment of Lettow-shirts, originally intended for the German colonial troops in Germany's former East Africa colony, was purchased in 1921 by Gerhard Roßbach for use by his Freikorps paramilitary unit.
Who was the leader of the Schutzstaffel?
Originally an adjunct to the SA, the Schutzstaffel (SS) was placed under the control of Heinrich Himmler, in part to restrict the power of the SA and their leaders.
What was the SA's main purpose?
The SA worked as a paramilitary force which worked mainly to intimidate political rivals during the early rise of the Nazi Party. This force was often known as Stormtroopers or Brownshirts because of their uniform. In 1923, The Beer Hall Putsch in Munich sparked a failed coup supported by the SA. On 9 November 1923, Hitler and ...
What was the SS's role in the fall of the SA?
With the fall of the SA following The Night of the Long Knives, the SS became the superior paramilitary force in Nazi Germany. This force was under the control of Heinrich Himmler and answered only to Hitler himself. The SS was recognisable by their black uniforms. The collar of these uniforms had the two runic S’s, ...
What was the SS in Germany?
Divided into two groups, a SS member was either a part of the Allgemeine-SS or the Waffen-SS. The Allgemeine-SS was in charge of the various police forces, such as the Sicherheitspolizei (Sipo), Kriminalpolizei (Kripo), and Gestapo. They also oversaw the intelligence department, which was known as the Sicherheitsdienst (SD).
How many men were in the SA during the Great Depression?
Quickly growing in numbers due to the Great Depression, the SA was much larger than the army and likely was made up of about 2,000,000 men. On 30 June 1934, Röhm and the other leaders of the SA were purged. This night is now known as The Night of the Long Knives.
What was the motto of the SS?
The motto members of the SS had to live by was: “Thy honour is thy loyalty.”. They were expected to be loyal to Adolf Hitler above all others. Following the end of the war, the SS was characterised as a criminal organisation at the Nürnberg’s Allied Tribunal in 1946. Tags: Adolf Hitler Heinrich Himmler.
How many people were in the SS during WW2?
By the start of World War II in 1939, the SS was about 250,000 men. Divided into two groups, a SS member was either a part of the Allgemeine-SS or the Waffen-SS.
What is a 1099-SA?
File Form 1099-SA, Distributions From an HSA, Archer MSA, or Medicare Advantage MSA, to report distributions made from a health savings account ( HSA), Archer medical savings account (Archer MSA), or Medicare Advantage MSA (MA MSA). The distribution may have been paid directly to a medical service provider or to the account holder. A separate return must be filed for each plan type.
When do you issue a 1099-SA?
If you learn of the death of the account holder and make a distribution after the year of death, issue a Form 1099-SA in the year you learned of the death of the account holder. Enter in:
When to file Form 5498-SA?
File Form 5498-SA, HSA, Archer MSA, or Medicare Advantage MSA Information, with the IRS on or before May 31, 2022, for each person for whom you maintained a health savings account (HSA), Archer medical savings account (Archer MSA), or Medicare Advantage MSA (MA MSA) during 2021.
Do you need to provide a 1099-SA?
Statements to Recipients. If you are required to file Form 1099-SA, you must provide a statement to the recipient. For more information about the requirement to furnish a Form 1099-SA or acceptable substitute statement to recipients, see part M in the current General Instructions for Certain Information Returns.
Do you need an account number for 1099-SA?
Account Number. The account number is required if you have multiple accounts for a recipient for whom you are filing more than one Form 1099-SA. Additionally, the IRS encourages you to designate an account number for all Forms 1099-SA that you file.
Embodiment of Militarism
Origins of The SA
Munich and The 1920s
Revival Under Von Salomon
Conflicting Views
Ernst Rohm
The SA Behemoth
- Until the summer of 1934, the Sturmabteilung(SA) was the largest and most feared paramilitary branch of the NSDAP. The SA traced its origins back to the first weeks of the party when fist-happy NSDAP members were given free beer to provide security at meetings and rallies. This group was full of burly ex-soldiers, beer-hall brawlers, vicious Jew-haters and anti-communists. …