Full Answer
What is the Taylor Grazing Act of 1934?
The Taylor Grazing Act of 1934 ( Pub.L. 73–482) is a United States federal law that provides for the regulation of grazing on the public lands (excluding Alaska) to improve rangeland conditions and regulate their use.
What is the purpose of the public Grazing Act?
An Act to stop injury to the public grazing lands by preventing overgrazing and soil deterioration, to provide for their orderly use, improvement, and development, to stabilize the livestock industry dependent upon the public range, and for other purposes.
What was the first legislative action to organize grazing management?
On June 28, 1934, President Franklin Roosevelt signed the measure into law. It was the first legislative action to organize grazing management on the public domain.
What happened to the Grazing Service?
The Grazing Service was merged with the General Land Office in 1946 to form the Bureau of Land Management .
What was the effect of the Taylor Grazing Act?
The Taylor Grazing Act was signed into law by FDR on June 28, 1935 [4]. It ended open grazing on public rangelands and established the Division of Grazing in the Department of Interior to regulate entry and practices on around 80 million acres of previously unreserved federal lands (excluding Alaska).
What is the purpose of the Taylor Grazing Act of 1934 and why was it ineffective?
An Act to stop injury to the public grazing lands by preventing overgrazing and soil deterioration, to provide for their orderly use, improvement, and development, to stabilize the livestock industry dependent upon the public range, and for other purposes.
Why did the Taylor Grazing Act fail?
The act created the Grazing Service, but inadequate funding prevented effective observation and evaluation of range use. Permitted animal unit months were set at preexisting 1934 stock levels. Efforts to reduce stock levels inevitably failed.
Why was the Taylor Grazing Act important to the environment?
The purpose of the Taylor Grazing Act was to "stop injury to the public grazing lands...to provide for their orderly use, improvement and development...
Which is the most common complaint about the Taylor Grazing Act quizlet?
The Taylor Grazing Act converted rangelands from a commons to a permit-based system. What is the most common complaint about it? ANSWER: High cost compared to other harvest methods/ Clear cutting is more profitable partially because the costs of clear-cutting are lower.
What are the implications for grazing management?
Grazing management affects the rate and timing of nutrient cycling. Intensive short-duration grazing with a high stocking density results in rapid, uniform forage utilization and manure deposition. In turn, many nutrients become available for pasture regrowth in a short period.
What stopped free grazing and cattle drives?
Eventually, however, the era of the free range ended. Ranchers developed the land, limiting grazing opportunities along the trail, and in 1873, the new technology of barbed wire allowed ranchers to fence off their lands and cattle claims.
When was cattle grazing banned in the Alpine National Park?
We are now back where we were a decade ago, when the Labor government under Steve Bracks banned cattle grazing in the Alpine National Park in 2005.
Why did open range grazing end?
Three factors that led to the end of open range grazing were the arrival of settlers, overgrazing, and the implementation of the Taylor Grazing Act. The arrival of settlers to the United States had a great impact on the end of open range grazing.
What are 6 impacts of over grazing?
Grazing has multiple effects on natural ecosystems. Animals defoliate vegetation and consequently affect plant growth, plant vigour, plant reproduction, species composition, plant cover and biomass, thus resulting in bare soil.
What are the benefits of grazing?
Livestock grazing reduces the competition from nonnative plants so that other desirable grasses and wildflowers can regenerate and coexist. Many plants, including several rare species, require grazing to maintain viable populations.
How does grazing help the environment?
Grazing lands provide food for people, secure clean water and wildlife habitat, and store carbon in the soil, which helps to mitigate climate change.
What was the social impact of the Homestead Act?
The Homestead Act encouraged western migration by providing settlers with 160 acres of land in exchange for a nominal filing fee. Among its provisions was a five-year requirement of continuous residence before receiving the title to the land and the settlers had to be, or in the process of becoming, U.S. citizens.
What does the Federal Land Policy and Management Act do?
The Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976, as amended, is the Bureau of Land Management's “organic act” that establishes the agency's multiple-use and sustained yield mandate to serve present and future generations.
What was the Taylor Grazing Act?
Taylor Grazing Act of 1934. An Act to stop injury to the public grazing lands by preventing overgrazing and soil deterioration, to provide for their orderly use, improvement, and development, to stabilize the livestock industry dependent upon the public range, and for other purposes.
Who introduced the grazing bureau?
Congressman Don B. Colton of Utah introduced a bill to create grazing districts, but the bill failed to pass the US Senate. In 1933, Edward T. Taylor, a Representative from Colorado, reintroduced the Colton bill as the Taylor bill. This bill set up the grazing bureau, or service in the Department of Interior, to administer the range lands.
How many acres are there in a grazing district?
As amended, the law now sets no limit on the amount of lands in grazing districts. Currently, there are approximately 162 million acres (66 million ha) inside grazing allotments.
Who was the Chief of the Agricultural Division of the Geological Survey and Deputy Director of the Department's?
The advocacy of John Francis Deeds , Chief of the Agricultural Division of the Geological Survey and Deputy Director of the Department's Grazing Division, was influential in bringing about the benefits of the Taylor Grazing Act.
What was the purpose of the Taylor Grazing Act?
The purpose of the Taylor Grazing Act was to "stop injury to the public grazing lands...to provide for their orderly use, improvement and development... [and] to stabilize the livestock industry dependent on the public range." To achieve these purposes, the Secretary of the Interior was authorized to establish grazing districts on the public domain lands. The lands within these established districts were to be classified for their potential use, with agricultural lands to remain open for homesteading. In 1934 and 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued Executive Orders that withdrew all remaining public lands for such classification, an action that essentially closed the public domain. The Secretary was authorized to develop any regulations necessary to administer these grazing districts, including the granting of leases for up to ten years, the charging of fees, the undertaking of range improvement projects, and the establishing of cooperative agreements with grazing landholders in the area.
Why was the grazing act delayed?
The delay in its passage was due to a lack of interest (the lands were sometimes referred to as "the lands no one wanted") and due to competition between the Agriculture Department and the Interior Department over which department would administer the new program.
Why was the phrase "pending final disposal" included in the bill?
This phrase was included because many thought the lands would eventually be transferred to the states or the private sector and because it lessened opposition to the law. The uncertainty introduced by this phrase made management of the grazing lands more difficult, and it was not eliminated until passage of the Federal Land Policy and Management Act in 1976.
How did the Act of 1871 bring order to the chaotic situation of competing livestock grazers?
Ultimately, the act brought order to the chaotic situation of competing livestock grazers using the public domain by asserting federal management and establishing a system of grazing rights and fees. In the process more than a million head of livestock were removed from the public lands.
What did the panel of the grazing lands propose?
After many hearings the panel proposed cession of grazing lands to states that would accept them, but with the federal government retaining mineral rights, and retaining also all federal forts, forests, parks, monuments, reservoirs and bird refuges.
How many acres of grazing land does Wyoming have?
These specialists oversee 17 million acres of public lands administered by nearly 3,000 grazing permits and leases, according to the BLM’s 2014 annual report. Grazing issues are also part of local BLM jurisdiction planning processes, such as resource management plans, that are revised on a 10 to 20 year cycle.
What would happen if Wyoming controlled the public range?
William Richards suggested to the Legislature that if the state could control the public range and lease it at low rates to grazers, overgrazing would be reduced, taxes would fall and range conflicts would end, Larson notes.
Why were the grazing boards dissolved?
During the Clinton administration in the 1990s, the grazing boards were dissolved because they violated a new federal law that did away with a broad array of such special purpose advisory groups that influenced government without participation of the general public.
When did Wyoming graze sheep?
Wyoming cattle and sheep raisers had been grazing their stock for free on public land since the 1860s. Custom, not law, determined who got to graze stock where on public land. The customs were based largely on a system of first come, first served: The ranchers who got to the ranges first, and filed land claims on small plots around water sources, ended up in control.
When did Wyoming fences become illegal?
The practice had been illegal since 1885, but laws against it had been only sporadically enforced. Results were mixed. The few ranchers that were convicted in Wyoming were released after serving a day in jail. Still, it convinced many ranchers that leasing might be a good idea after all, and most of the illegal fences came down.
How many personnel were needed for the Taylor grazing act?
Nicholson's 1947 grazing proposal had stated that at least 242 personnel would be needed for BLM to carry out its Taylor Grazing Act responsibilities. Despite implementation of the 8-cent per AUM fee increase that Nicholson said was necessary to cover range administration costs, BLM in 1948 had little more than half the personnel (123) recommended. The following year the staff had climbed to 182, but by 1950 the number had dropped to 176.
What was the purpose of Clawson's program?
Clawson also gave BLM a sense of mission and purpose by instituting a "dynamic program for resource management." Key to this agenda was the concept of multiple use management. "Multiple use," according to Clawson, "is [a] system under which the same area of land is used simultaneously for two or more purposes, often by two or more different persons or groups." These uses could be complementary, or, as was most often the case, competitive with one another. Clawson thought multiple use management desirable and wanted it practiced on BLM-administered lands.
What was the BLM reorganization plan?
BLM was simply placed under the Secretary of the Interior and "the functions of the General Land Office and Grazing Service...consolidated to form a new agency." The Bureau, therefore, had to continue administering the public lands using the outmoded and often conflicting mandates of the 3,500 laws passed during the previous 150 years. The major statute directing BLM activities was the Taylor Grazing Act, which provided for the administration of grazing "pending final disposition" of the public lands. 'This [was] hardly a firm basis," as natural resources professor Sally Fairfax points out, "for a comprehensive land planning management scheme."
Why did Woozley want to cool the controversy?
Woozley was sensitive to the debate on Capitol Hill and wanted to cool the controversy. Some ranchers complained that nearly half of them operated on public lands with only year-to-year leases; they wanted more secure tenures. Woozley addressed the problem by declaring it the Bureau's policy to give more than 90 percent of its range users 10-year grazing leases as fast as the necessary reappraisals of user leases would permit.
How much did BLM receipts total in 1953?
In 1953, the cumulative total of receipts by BLM and its predecessors over some 140 years reached the landmark figure of $1 billion. In the last seven years, that figure has been reached for the second time.
Why did BLM use inventories?
Inventories were essential to determine the amount of timber that could be cut. BLM began new inventories that not only calculated the volume of available timber but provided information on the age, quality, size, and the location of stands from roads and processors.
When did Clawson join BLM?
He had joined BLM in 1946 after many years with the Department of Agriculture's Bureau of Agricultural Economics. A Nevadan, Clawson had an undergraduate degree in agricultural economics from the University of Nevada and a doctorate in economics from Harvard. He also understood the ranching business.
