Functions Of The Hyoid Bone
- The hyoid bone is responsible for attachment of the root of the tongue. ...
- It anchors the hyoglossus muscles for creating a depression on the tongue so as to enlarge the oral cavity.
- When swallowing action takes place, the mylohyoid and the geniohyoid muscles lift the bone as well as the mouth’s floor together. ...
What are the hyoid muscles?
The hyoid muscles are superficial muscles in the neck which attach to the hyoid bone. They are grouped according to their position to the hyoid bone, the suprahyoid muscles lie above the hyoid bone and the infrahyoid muscles lie beneath it.
What is the function of the hyoid bone?
The hyoid bone is small, and it functions as an attachment point for many muscles involved in swallowing, jaw movements, and respiration. Swallowing function may be impaired due to problems such as stroke, neck injuries, or jaw and neck cancers.
What is the function of the suprahyoid muscles?
These muscles act to stabilise the trachea and play a vital part in swallowing and speech. When the infrahyoid muscles contract, they depress the hyoid bone, allowing the suprahyoid muscles to contract and depress the mandible.
What muscle elevates the hyoid bone during swallowing?
In combination with the infrahyoid muscles, they are responsible for the positioning of the hyoid bone. In detail, the digastric and stylohyoid elevate the hyoid during swallowing and help keep the mouth open.
What is the function of the suprahyoid muscles?
Whenever the infrahyoid muscles stabilize the hyoid bone, then the suprahyoid muscles help in the depression of the mandible and thus help in wide opening of the mouth. The suprahyoid muscles participate in improving the flexion movement of the neck.
What is the common action of the infrahyoid muscles?
Infrahyoid muscles: Together, the infrahyoid muscles play an active role in swallowing through the movement of the larynx. The omohyoid, sternohyoid, and thyrohyoid act to depress the hyoid bone.
What muscles depress the thyroid cartilage?
Infrahyoid muscles are also known as “strap muscles” which connect hyoid, sternum, clavicle and scapula. They are located below the hyoid bone on the anterolateral surface of the thyroid gland and are involved in movements of the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage during vocalization, swallowing and mastication.
What is the action of the sternohyoid muscle?
This group of muscles contains four main muscles: the omohyoid muscle, the sternohyoid muscle, the sternothyroid muscle, and the thyrohyoid muscle. The primary function of this group of muscles is to depress the hyoid bone during speech and swallowing.
How do I remember my hyoid muscles?
Quickly recall the list of infrahyoid muscle at any time by using the mnemonic "TOSS" (Thyrohyoid, Omohyoid, Sternothyroid, Sternohyoid).
What muscle retracts the hyoid bone?
The Stylohyoid elevates and retracts the hyoid bone, elongating the floor of the mouth during swallowing.
What muscles stabilize the larynx?
The vocal folds, thyroarytenoid muscles, and cricoarytenoid dorsalis and lateralis muscles attach to the arytenoid cartilages. Movements produced by these muscles and the vocal folds, open and close the rima glottidis, the laryngeal airway.
What elevates the hyoid bone?
The suprahyoid muscles are those above or superior to the hyoid bones of the neck. They elevate the hyoid bone when the mandible is fixed in place, and lower the mandible when the hyoid is held firm by muscles beneath it.
What muscle depresses the tongue?
hyoglossus muscleThe styloglossus muscle is innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII). The hyoglossus muscle depresses and retracts the tongue and is innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII).
Where is the hyoid?
neckThe hyoid bone (hyoid) is a small U-shaped (horseshoe-shaped) solitary bone, situated in the midline of the neck anteriorly at the base of the mandible and posteriorly at the fourth cervical vertebra. Its anatomical position is just superior to the thyroid cartilage.
Where is sternohyoid muscles?
The sternohyoid muscle is a long, thin muscle located along the entire length of the front of the neck. This muscle is connected by tendons — strong, flexible tissue that usually connects muscle to bone — to the hyoid bone at its top end, and connected to the sternum at its lower end.
What is the function of digastric muscle?
The digastric muscle functions during swallowing, chewing, and speech. The anterior belly of the digastric is one of the three suprahyoid muscles which stabilizes the hyoid during swallowing, an action critical in protecting the airway while eating.
Which are infrahyoid muscles quizlet?
Terms in this set (9)sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, omohyoid. The infrahyoid muscle groups attach to the hyoid bone. ... Sternohyoid muscle. ... Sternothyroid muscle. ... sternohyoid, sternothyroid, omohyoid. ... Thyrohyoid muscle. ... Greater horn of hyoid. ... Omohyoid muscle. ... Thyrohyoid.More items...
Which of the following is an infrahyoid muscle?
The infrahyoid muscles, or strap muscles, are a group of four pairs of muscles in the anterior (frontal) part of the neck. The four infrahyoid muscles are the sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid and omohyoid muscles.
Which are functions of the digastric muscle?
The digastric muscle functions during swallowing, chewing, and speech. The anterior belly of the digastric is one of the three suprahyoid muscles which stabilizes the hyoid during swallowing, an action critical in protecting the airway while eating.
Why is it called strap muscles?
The name "strap muscles" comes from their long and flat shape, similar to a belt or strap 3.
Which muscle group is attached to the hyoid bone?
Based on this, the muscles attaching to the hyoid bone are divided into the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles. Hyoid bone in situ in a cadaver.
What is the anatomy of the hyoid bone?
Anatomy of the hyoid bone (diagram) The body is quadrilateral, laterally stretched and irregular in shape. It forms the convexity of its classical U-shape, with its outer (anterior) border forming the outer convexity and the inner (posterior) border forming the concavity. There is a vertical median ridge located in the midline ...
What muscle is paired with the genioglossus?
The bilaterally paired muscle lies between mylohyoid and genioglossus (base of the tongue). C1 fibers of the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) innervate the muscle. It acts by protracting and elevating the hyoid during swallowing. If the hyoid bone is fixed, then the muscle acts by depressing the mandible.
What is the name of the bone that connects the lesser cornua to the hyoid bone
At the junction of the body and each greater cornu is a conical protruding bone known as the lesser cornua (horns). Fibrous tissue connects the lesser cornua to the body of the hyoid bone.
What is the function of the thyrohyoid membrane?
The thyrohyoid membrane functions as the lateral walls of the piriform recess. The internal laryngeal nerve, along with the superior laryngeal arteries and veins, also pierce the membrane. Its primary responsibility is anchoring the laryngeal skeleton to the hyoid bone.
What are the muscles that attach to the upper surface of the bone called?
Muscles that insert on the upper surface of the bone are known as suprahyoid muscles, while those attached to the lower surface are infrahyoid muscles. This article will explore the embryology, anatomy and muscular attachments of this structure.
How long does it take to read a hyoid bone?
Reading time: 11 minutes. With the exception of the cervical vertebrae, the hyoid bone is the only bone located in the anterior neck. Unlike other bony structures, the hyoid bone does not directly articulate with other bones. Instead, it is connected to neighbouring bones by muscular and ligamentous attachments.
What muscles attach to the hyoid bone?
The hyoid muscles are superficial muscles in the neck which attach to the hyoid bone. They are grouped according to their position to the hyoid bone, the suprahyoid muscles lie above the hyoid bone and the infrahyoid muscles lie beneath it. These muscles act to stabilise the trachea and play a vital part in swallowing and speech.
What is the role of the hyoid muscles in swallowing?
The hyoid muscles act to stabilise the trachea and play a vital part in swallowing and speech. Damage to the hyoid muscles can result in difficulty speaking and swallowing and sometimes a hoarse voice.
What are the two planes of the infrahyoid?
The infrahyoid muscles lie in two planes; the superficial plane (omohyoid and sternohyoid muscles) and the deep plane (sternothyroid and thyrohyoid muscle s). They are supplied by the superior and inferior thyroid arteries and drained by the corresponding veins. 1,2.
How many infrahyoid muscles are there?
There are four infrahyoid muscles: omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid and thyrohyoid. In general, they act to depress the hyoid bone and play an important role in the position of the larynx and swallowing.
Where are the infrahyoid muscles innervated?
The majority of the infrahyoid muscles are innervated by the ansa cervicalis in their lower half , therefore, if access is required to the deeper structures in the neck, these muscles are divided in the upper half. Neck dissection to excise malignant tumours commonly results in damage to the ansa cervicalis. 4.
Which muscles are primarily supplied by branches of the facial artery, with the occipital and lingual
Digastric, mylohyoid and geniohyoid also contribute to the floor of the mouth. The suprahyoid muscles are primarily supplied by branches of the facial artery, with the occipital and lingual arteries also contributing. 1,2.
Where does the omohyoid muscle attach to the clavicle?
Insertion of the omohyoid muscle: the superior belly of the omohyoid muscle inserts onto the inferior belly via an intermediate tendon. the intermediate tendon is anchored to the clavicle via the deep cervical fascia. the superior belly then ascends and attaches on the lateral border of the body of the hyoid bone.
What are the parts of the hyoid?
The hyoid bone can be divided into three component parts: the body of the hyoid, the greater cornua, and the lesser cornua. The body of the hyoid is centrally located, while the cornua are on both sides.
Where is the hyoid bone located?
Hyoid bone. The hyoid bone is located between the chin and the thyroid cartilage. It is also at the base of the mandible, or lower jawbone. Unlike other bones within the skeleton, the hyoid does not feature any major points of articulation (joints) with other bones. The hyoid bone can be divided into three component parts: the body of the hyoid, ...
Which bone extends backwards from the body of the hyoid?
The greater cornua extends backwards from the body of the hyoid. Since cornua come in pairs, the greater and lesser cornua can be differentiated into left and right sections. This bone also provides a place of attachment for many muscles associated with the mouth’s floor, as well as the larynx (voice box), pharynx (throat), ...
Can a hyoid bone be fractured?
While the hyoid bone provides protection to these organs, it can be fractured if exposed to excessive forces. Typically, a broken hyoid results from forced strangulation (i.e. choking). Last medically reviewed on January 20, 2018.
Which muscles are responsible for the positioning of the hyoid bone?
In combination with the infrahyoid muscles, they are responsible for the positioning of the hyoid bone. In detail, the digastric and stylohyoid elevate the hyoid during swallowing and help keep the mouth open. The geniohyoid moves the hyoid forward and supports the opening and lateral movement of the mandible.
What is the function of the suprahyoid?
Even though the main function of the mylohyoid is to form the oral diaphragm and elevate the floor of the mouth, it can also assist in jaw opening and chewing movements. All in all, due to their contribution during mastication, the suprahyoid muscles are also referred to as accessory muscles of mastication .
What muscle divides into two tendons?
Stylohyoid muscle. The stylohyoid muscle extends from the styloid process of temporal bone to the body of hyoid bone. In its distal part the muscle divides into two tendons. The muscle is supplied by the facial nerve . Neck viscera in situ showing digastric and mylohyoid muscles.
Which muscle is responsible for chewing, swallowing, and speech?
The only link between those two spaces is the connective tissue on the posterior part of the mylohyoid muscles. The suprahyoid muscles do not only form the floor of the mouth but play an important role in chewing, swallowing and speech.
Where does the mylohyoid muscle meet the median tendon?
The mylohyoid muscle runs from the mylohyoid line of mandible to a median tendon, known as the mylohyoid raphe, where both parts of the muscle meet. The mylohyoid raphe continues its course and inserts on the body of hyoid bone. The muscle is supplied by the mylohyoid nerve from the mandibular nerve .
Which muscle plate bridges the mandible?
All suprahyoid muscles contribute to the floor of the mouth but the actual muscle plate which bridges between the two rami of mandible is formed by the mylohyoid muscles (oral diaphragm). From above the mouth floor is reinforced by the geniohyoid muscles and from below by the anterior bellies of the digastric muscles.
Where does the geniohyoid muscle originate?
Geniohyoid muscle. The geniohyoid muscle has its origin on the mental spine at the internal surface of the mandible from where it radiates to the body of hyoid. It is innervated by branches of the cervical plexus (C1-C2) accompanied by the hypoglossal nerve .
What muscles are used to remove the hyoid bone?
remove. 1 Stylohyoid. 2 Digastric. 3 Mylohyoid. 4 Geniohyoid. The suprahyoid muscles are a group of four muscles located superior to the hyoid bone of the neck. They all act to elevate the hyoid bone – an action involved in swallowing.
Which artery supplies the suprahyoid muscle?
The arterial supply to these muscles is via branches of the facial artery, occipital artery, and lingual artery. In this article, we shall look at the anatomy of the suprahyoid muscles – their attachments, actions, and innervation.
What muscle is responsible for swallowing?
The Suprahyoid Muscles. The suprahyoid muscles are a group of four muscles located superior to the hyoid bone of the neck. They all act to elevate the hyoid bone – an action involved in swallowing. The arterial supply to these muscles is via branches of the facial artery, occipital artery, and lingual artery.
Where is the geniohyoid located?
The geniohyoid is located close to the midline of the neck, deep to the mylohyoid muscle. Attachments: Arises from the inferior mental spine of the mandible. It then travels inferiorly and posteriorly to attach to the hyoid bone. Actions: Depresses the mandible and elevates the hyoid bone.
What is the muscle that connects the anterior belly?
Digastric. The digastric is comprised of two muscular bellies, which are connected by a tendon. In some cadaveric specimens, this tendon can be seen to pierce the stylohyoid muscle. The anterior belly arises from the digastric fossa of the mandible.
Introduction
Suprahyoid Muscles
- The suprahyoid muscles act to depress the mandible when the infrahyoid muscles are contracted and to elevate the hyoid bonewhen the mandible is fixed. The suprahyoid muscles consist of four muscles: digastric, stylohyoid, mylohyoid and geniohyoid muscles. These muscles contribute to swallowing and mastication, therefore they are commonly referred to as accessory muscles of …
Infrahyoid Muscles
- There are four infrahyoid muscles: omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid and thyrohyoid. In general, they act to depress the hyoid bone and play an important role in the position of the larynx and swallowing. The infrahyoid muscles lie in two planes; the superficial plane (omohyoid and sternohyoid muscles) and the deep plane (sternothyroid and thyrohyoid muscles). They are sup…
Key Points
- There are eight hyoid muscles, four suprahyoid and four infrahyoid muscles.
- The suprahyoid muscles include digastric, stylohyoid, mylohyoid and geniohyoid.
- The infrahyoid muscles include omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid and thyrohyoid.
- The hyoid muscles act to stabilise the trachea and play a vital part in swallowing and speech.
References
- Richard L. Drake, A. Wayne Vogyl, Adam W.M. Mitchell. Gray’s Anatomy for Students. s.l. Elsevier. Published in 2015.
- Margaret J. Fehrenbach, Susan W. Herring. Illustrated Anatomy of the Head and Neck. Elsevier. Published in 2017.
- Achudhan Karunaharamoorthy, Dimitrios Mytilinaios. Suprahyoid muscles. Kenhub, 2020.
- Richard L. Drake, A. Wayne Vogyl, Adam W.M. Mitchell. Gray’s Anatomy for Students. s.l. Elsevier. Published in 2015.
- Margaret J. Fehrenbach, Susan W. Herring. Illustrated Anatomy of the Head and Neck. Elsevier. Published in 2017.
- Achudhan Karunaharamoorthy, Dimitrios Mytilinaios. Suprahyoid muscles. Kenhub, 2020.
- Achudhan Karunaharamoorthy, Dimitrios Mytilinaios. Infrahyoid muscles. Kenhub, 2020.
