Where is the Pontine artery located?
Pontine arteries. The pontine branches are the small arterial branches of the basilar artery that supply the pons and structures adjacent to the pons. There are usually 3-5 paired arterial branches which are located in the mid-basilar region between the anterior inferior cerebellar artery and the superior cerebellar artery.
What are the Pontine branches of the basilar artery?
The pontine branches are the small arterial branches of the basilar artery that supply the pons and structures adjacent to the pons. There are usually 3-5 paired arterial branches which are located in the mid-basilar region between the anterior inferior cerebellar artery and the superior cerebellar artery.
Which arteries supply blood to the retrocochlear acoustic nerve?
By contrast, the retrocochlear acoustic nerve has an abundant collateral blood supply derived from the arteries that supply the adjacent dura matter and petrous bone, inferior lateral pontine artery, and lateral medullary artery [20–23].
What are the different types of arteries in the brain?
Sphenopalatine artery (pterygopalatine) Spinal arterial transverse anastomoses (ventral, dorsal spinal) Subclavian artery (right: brachiocephalic, left:aorta) Subcortical penetrating arteries (middle, anterior, posterior cerebral)
Where do the pontine arteries supply?
The pontine arteries are a number of small vessels which come off at right angles from either side of the basilar artery and supply the pons and adjacent parts of the brain.
What is the blood supply to the pons?
AICA supplies the ventrolateral inferior pons and anterior inferior cerebellum, whereas the SCA supplies the lateral rostral pons and caudal midbrain and the entire superior surface of the cerebellum. Multiple penetrating branches of the pons originate directly from the basilar artery.
What are the 3 arteries that supply the cerebellum?
The arterial vascularization of the cerebellum is based on three arteries which all originate from the vertebrobasilar system: the superior cerebellar artery (SCA), the anterior and inferior cerebellar artery (AICA), and the posterior and inferior cerebellar artery (PICA).
Which artery supplies blood to the pons and the cerebellum?
Basilar arteryBasilar artery Its branches are responsible for supplying the pons, cerebellum, internal ear, and other nearby structures. There are three major branches of the basilar artery: Anterior inferior cerebellar. Superior cerebellar.
How many pontine arteries are there?
The pontine branches are the small arterial branches of the basilar artery that supply the pons and structures adjacent to the pons. There are usually 3-5 paired arterial branches which are located in the mid-basilar region between the anterior inferior cerebellar artery and the superior cerebellar artery.
What is pons responsible for?
Your pons is a part of your brainstem, a structure that links your brain to your spinal cord. It handles unconscious processes and jobs, such as your sleep-wake cycle and breathing. It also contains several junction points for nerves that control muscles and carry information from senses in your head and face.
What are the 4 main arteries supplying the brain?
The brain receives blood from two sources: the internal carotid arteries, which arise at the point in the neck where the common carotid arteries bifurcate, and the vertebral arteries (Figure 1.20). The internal carotid arteries branch to form two major cerebral arteries, the anterior and middle cerebral arteries.
What two arteries supply blood to the brain?
At the base of the brain, the carotid arteries and vertebral arteries come together to form the Circle of Willis. This is a circle of arteries that pro- vide many paths for blood to supply oxygen and nutrients the brain. From the Circle of Willis, major arteries arise and travel to all parts of the brain.
What arteries supply medulla?
The blood supply to the medulla can divide into two groups, which are the paramedian bulbar and lateral bulbar arteries. The paramedian bulbar arteries arise from the vertebral arteries and supply the medial aspect of the medulla.
What is a pontine stroke?
A pontine cerebrovascular accident (also known as a pontine CVA or pontine stroke) is a type of ischemic stroke that affects the pons region of the brain stem. A pontine stroke can be particularly devastating and may lead to paralysis and the rare condition known as Locked-in Syndrome (LiS).
What artery supplies Broca's area?
Superior branches of MCA supply these key functional areas: Broca's area and other related gray and white matter important for language expression--in the language-dominant (usually left) hemisphere.
What does the circle of Willis supply?
Overview. The Circle of Willis is the joining area of several arteries at the bottom (inferior) side of the brain. At the Circle of Willis, the internal carotid arteries branch into smaller arteries that supply oxygenated blood to over 80% of the cerebrum.
What cranial nerves are in the pons?
There is one cranial nerve associated with the pons proper, the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V). Three other cranial nerves are located at the pontomedullary junction: the abducens nerve (cranial nerve VI), the facial nerve(cranial nerve VII), and the vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII).
What part of the brain does the basilar artery supply?
The basilar artery is the main artery that supplies blood to the back portion of your brain. It carries oxygen-rich blood to your brainstem, cerebellum and occipital lobes. Several conditions, such as blood clots or aneurysms, can disrupt blood flow in your brain.
Why is pons called bridge?
Pons is Latin for "bridge"; the structure was given its name by the Italian anatomist Costanzo Varolio, who thought that the most conspicuous portion of the pons resembled a bridge that connected the two cerebellar hemispheres.
What is the function of pons in hindbrain?
The pons gets its name from the Latin word for 'bridge', and it connects the rest of the brainstem to the cerebral cortex. Bulbous in shape, it sits right underneath the midbrain and serves as a coordination centre for signals and communications that flow between the two brain hemispheres and the spinal cord.
Where are the pontine branches located?
There are usually 3-5 paired arterial branches which are located in the mid-basilar region between the anterior inferior cerebellar artery and the superior cerebellar artery.
Where are the paired branches of the cerebellar artery located?
There are usually 3-5 paired arterial branches which are located in the mid-basilar region between the anterior inferior cerebellar artery and the superior cerebellar artery. pontine infarct.
What is the most common site of infarction?
Although the lateral medulla and inferior cerebellum are the most common sites of infarction in patients with occlusion of a single intracranial VA, ischemia may extend more rostrally to affect the inferolateral pons. 67,456 Such extension involves the pyramidal tract; fifth, sixth, and seventh cranial nerves; and motor dysfunction of the fifth cranial nerve in the territory of the inferolateral pontine artery. This branch, usually from the AICA, may arise from the very proximal BA. 66,71 When infarction extends to the medial medulla as well as the lateral tegmentum, 67,68,456 it may cause the hemiparesis or Babinski’s sign in the Babinski-Nageotte syndrome. 258,457,458 Paramedian arteries supplying the medial medullary territory arise from the anterior spinal arteries, which are branches of the V4 segments of the VAs. 66,68,458 Transient hemiparesis occurring in VA occlusion is presumably due to decreased flow in the medial medullary branches or to rostral brainstem ischemia.
What happens if you occlude the IAA?
As described above, occlusion of the IAA causes a loss of auditory and vestibular function (i.e., audiovestibular loss), resulting in AHL and vertigo, so-called labyrinthine infarction (i.e., inner ear infarction). The labyrinth requires high-energy metabolism, and the IAA is an end artery with minimal collaterals from the otic capsule; thus the labyrinth is particularly vulnerable to ischemia [17–19]. By contrast, the retrocochlear acoustic nerve has an abundant collateral blood supply derived from the arteries that supply the adjacent dura matter and petrous bone, inferior lateral pontine artery, and lateral medullary artery [20–23].
