What is the vertical part of a wall called?
The studs are the vertical pieces that make up most of a wall's frame. The cavities between the studs are called bays (or stud bays). A horizontal piece at the bottom of the wall is called the bottom plate.
What is the wood on the bottom of a wall called?
The one on the bottom of framing is called a"Bottom Plate". This connects all the studs together and attaches the wall to the floor. I think though that you are referring to the piece of wood that finishes the bottom of a wall that you can see in a room.
What is the bottom plate on a wall called?
Must-Know Wall Terminology. The studs are the vertical pieces that make up most of a wall's frame. The cavities between the studs are called bays (or stud bays). A horizontal piece at the bottom of the wall is called the bottom plate. The studs are nailed to this plate, which is nailed to the floor.
What is wall base made of?
Wall base, also known as cove base, is typically made of rubber or vinyl and covers the bottom few inches of a wall. It comes in a roll and serves as a protective barrier against scuffs and bumps from things like footwear and vacuum cleaners.
What is the bottom of a framed wall called?
Sill or Saddle This is a horizontal framing member installed at the bottom of an opening (usually a window opening).
What are the parts of a wall called?
The main structural parts of a wall frame are shown below.Top and bottom plates. The top plate runs along the top of the wall frame, and supports the roof and ceiling members. ... Studs. Studs are the vertical members between the top and bottom plates. ... Lintels. ... Noggings. ... Bracing.
What is a wall frame?
Wall framing in house construction includes the vertical and horizontal members of exterior walls and interior partitions. These members, referred to as studs, wall plates and lintels, serve as a nailing base for all covering material and support the upper floors, ceiling and roof.
What is the structure of a wall?
Framed walls most often have three or more separate components: the structural elements (such as 2×4 studs in a house wall), insulation, and finish elements or surfaces (such as drywall or panelling).
What are the components of an exterior wall?
A few of the basic components and systems commonly found in an exterior wall assembly include: structural elements, drainage plane (typically the air and water barrier), vapor retarder (optional as required), insulating elements, and exterior cladding.
What is a partial wall called?
A pony wall is also known as a half wall, stem wall, short wall, or cripple wall. Pony walls are about interior design as they are not full-height walls and are often used as room dividers.
What are the layers in a house wall?
Most walls have these layers and elements:Studs and Framing. The studs and framing make up the wall structure. ... Sheathing Like OSB Wood Panels. Sheathing is what gives the stud wall its rigidity. ... Underlayment. ... Insulation. ... Flashing. ... Inside Surface. ... Trim. ... Paint.
How many layers are in a wall?
The reality is in standard construction you build things in five or six layers. This is the standard in terms of building a wall system more efficiently and we have gotten it down to a science. Generally a six layer home will give you a solid, energy efficient, comfortable home.
Wall Base Buying Tips & Information
Most people do not put a lot of thought into wall base. In fact, most people don't even notice it. That can mean that when you do need to purchase...
Rubber vs Vinyl Wall Base
Not all wall base is created equal. The three types are rubber, vinyl and rubber-vinyl composite. Each has its pros and cons. 1. Vinyl- On the upsi...
What Are Standard Baseboard sizes?
You will find the widest variety of widths, thicknesses and lengths among the rubber wall base as it is among the most popular. Cove base comes in...
How to Install Wall Base Moldings
Installing wall base is not difficult but does require some care. 1. Begin by sanding the area where you plan to apply the base. 2. Unroll the cove...
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What are the vertical pieces that make up most of a wall's frame?
The studs are the vertical pieces that make up most of a wall's frame.
What are the different types of walls?
Types of Walls and Framing Elements 1 A bearing or structural wall is one that supports the weight of the building above. 2 A partition wall merely divides the interior space. It is not structural. 3 Joists are the framing members in the floor and in the ceiling. 4 Underfoot, a subfloor is nailed to the joists. The walls are usually fastened to the subfloor. Overhead, drywall can be attached to the underside of the ceiling joists, or if you prefer, the grid for a dropped ceiling can be attached to them.
How wide is a 4 foot wall?
Plywood or oriented strand board used to sheathe the outside of the walls and the drywall used to finish the inside all come in sheets 48 inches (4 feet) wide. The 4-foot width spans four studs spaced 16 inches apart, with the edges of the sheet at the middle of the outer studs.
Why block between studs?
Sometimes blocking is added between the studs. Blocking provides a solid spot in the wall for attaching things such as cabinets or handrails. In some situations, blocking is required as a fire-stop where a stud bay extends between floors. This keeps the bay from acting as a chimney for a fire. Without fire-stops, a fire could quickly spread from floor to floor. Blocking and extra studs also are used to catch the edge of the drywall at corners and in places where the stud spacing doesn't work out perfectly.
What is bearing wall?
A bearing or structural wall is one that supports the weight of the building above. A partition wall merely divides the interior space. It is not structural. Joists are the framing members in the floor and in the ceiling. Underfoot, a subfloor is nailed to the joists. The walls are usually fastened to the subfloor.
What is the top plate of a wall?
At the top of the wall is the top plate. Often a doubled 2x4, it anchors the top ends of the studs as well as ties the wall into the ceiling. In new construction, the walls are usually built while on the floor, with a single top plate. The second layer, which ties them together, is added after the walls are raised into position.
How thick is a stick framed wall?
Typical interior walls are framed with 2x4s. This makes walls about 4-1/2 inches thick (3-1/2 inches of wood covered on both sides by 1/2-inch-thick drywall).
What is the board that runs along the bottom of the inside walls of the house?
If you meant to ask what is the “board” that runs along the bottom of the inside walls of the house that is the “skirting” board.
What is the bottom plate of a frame?
In Western platform framing (the most common technique in the USA), the bottom piece of wood in each wall is the “bottom plate”. Here’s a diagram with some names of other stud-wall components:
What are the deterrents to using wood walls?
Compared with the principal alternative, drywall, I can observe that there are two principal deterrents to using wood walls. First is cost; the boards are horrendously expensive compared with sheets of drywall. Second is labor.
How to clean a wall with adhesive?
Clean your wall. Like picture hanging strips, adhesive hooks and nails require clean surfaces, so wipe down the wall with a clean cloth and isopropyl alcohol, then let it dry.
What is a cornice in architecture?
In architecture, a cornice is generally any horizontal decorative molding that crowns a building or furniture element – the cornice over a door or window, for instance, or the cornice around the top edge of a pedestal or along the top of an interior wall. Wikipedia
How do I paint trim on a wall?
Depends on the situation but usually we paint the trim first and in doing so lap up onto the walls with the trim color about a 1/16th inch to seal the seam between the base and wall. Then we apply blue tape and brown paper to the top of the base, seal it with a clear shellac or some of the trim paint to prevent bleed through and cut and roll the walls. It works fine for us. Theres a lot to be said for a painter who has the skill to do all this freehand but I’ve found an apprentice can do a room this way and turn out a great looking finished product.
Is a wood wall fireproof?
Another concern about wooden interior walls is that they are not fireproof. And my house has three working fireplaces, plus a gas stove. In case of a house fire, the situation could become dire very quickly. (One of my solutions is a very large acrylic skylight at the center of the house, which in case of fire would quickly melt and vent out lots of heat. The local fire chief complimented that quite enthusiastically. Another is that we have permanently hooked up a fire hose, centrally located, long enough to reach anywhere in the house; but never yet had to use it over the past 40 years. And we keep a bunch of extinguishers around.)
What is the horizontal board on the end of a gable roof called?
This is called an eave fascia. Fascia placed on the end of a gable roof end is called gable fascia.
Where is the decorative block of wood used?
A decorative block of wood often used at the bottom of door casings where the baseboard meets the door.
What is the eave on a roof called?
Sometimes referred to as the roof overhang. The eave on a gable end is sometimes referred to as the gable overhang.
What is a dormer in a house?
Dormer. A projection of vertical walls through the sloped roof plane with a window and its own roof ties into the home's main roof. Dormers allow the natural light to enter into upper floors or attic spaces. Dormers are particularly popular on Cape Cod house plans.
What is a footing in a building?
A footing supports foundation or bearing walls carrying the weight of upper floors, roof structures, etc. A footing is generally wider than the foundation or bearing wall and constructed on undisturbed soil to achieve the maximum stability possible. Footings run continuously under all bearing and foundation walls.
Why is the ridge off center on a saltbox roof?
A saltbox roof is a type of gable roof where the ridge (or peak) is off-center because the roof's pitch is different on each of the two roof sections.
How do building codes regulate egress windows?
Building codes regulate egress windows by establishing a minimum size requirement that can be adequately used as a fire escape.
What is the triangular part of a wall where roof pitches meet and come to a peak?
Gable – The triangular part of a wall where roof pitches meet and come to a peak.
What is the edge of a gable roof called?
Rake – The rake is the outer slanting edge of a gable roof end that runs from the ridge to the eave.
What is Beechworth window made of?
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What is the overhanging area of a roof that extends beyond the house to keep rain water away from the?
Eave – The overhanging area of the roof that extends beyond the house to keep rain water away from the lower part of the home .
What is a chimney?
Chimney – The large protective ventilation area for smoke normally from a fireplace .
What is foundation in construction?
Foundation – The structural base that the home sits on, normally concrete.
What is a special area in a house?
Specialty Areas. Dormer – An extra wall area that extends out from the roof plane often containing a window. Chimney – The large protective ventilation area for smoke normally from a fireplace . Porch – An open front extension around the entrance of the home, normally covered.
How many inches is baseboard?
Used to trim walls where they join flooring, baseboards usually measure three to five inches. Baseboard styles are usually simple, and accented with a small piece of quarter-round (semi-circular) trim.
What is molding in a house?
Moldings exist in myriad forms. Each is designed for a specific purpose—framing a door, for example, or providing a visual transition at the junction of walls and flooring. So many types of molding decorate our homes today, it's often difficult to distinguish them—and learn which types you should purchase for your home remodeling project. But here's the good news: You never again have to be confused between batten and baseboard. Scroll through to discover your molding style, once and for all!
What is chair railing?
Chair railing is functional molding meant to protect walls from being damaged by furniture. Of course, it can also serve a purely decorative function, delineating two different types of wall coverings—paint and wallpaper, for instance.
What is a batten used for?
Batten, also called board-and-batten, is a wall trim piece used to hide the joint between two pieces of paneling.
What is a casing on a door?
Casing is designed to cover the unfinished gap between walls and door or window frames. Though different variations of door casing styles are readily found, the width of casing usually spans two or three inches.
How tall is a picture railing?
Often combined with crown molding, this type of molding is one or two inches tall and appears seven to nine feet off the floor.
What causes callback on a wall?
Figure 1. Common callback: This damage was caused by a leak at the base of the wall cladding that did not include proper through-wall flashing.
What is a drainable wall?
Drainable wall assemblies integrate a weather-resistive barrier and flashing to properly drain water away from building components. The specific materials and installation methods depend on the cladding used on the building. House wrap and flashing must be properly integrated to create a continuous drainage plane. Note in Figure 2 that the flashing at the bottom of the wall is just one of a number of wall details that work in concert with each other to ensure water drains down and away from the building ( Straube 2007 ).
How does brick veneer work?
Properly detailed brick veneer functions like a rain screen. The key is making sure there is an unobstructed path for water to flow out at the bottom of the wall. This path starts with the airspace behind the brick. Water freely flows down through this space, gets collected by through-wall flashing at the bottom of the wall, and drains out through weep holes.
What is through wall flashing made of?
Through-wall flashing can be made with metal, but is usually formed with a flexible rubber-based membrane, such as the one shown in Figure 8 ( Hanley-Wood 2007 ).
How many inches should flashing be on a wall?
When more than one length is needed to span across the bottom of a wall, overlap pieces at least 8 inches. The flashing must include a drip-edge to direct any water that runs down the drainage plane away from the bottom of the wall. Weather-resistive barrier.
What is flashing at the bottom of exterior walls?
Flashing at the bottom of exterior walls needs to be integrated into a continuous drainage plane on the exterior wall. The goal is to create a wall system that can manage the water that will inevitably get behind any cladding system.
What is the first step to detailing the base of a brick-veneer wall?
Through-wall flashing. The first step to detailing the base of a brick-veneer wall is to install a through-wall flashing , which extends down the sheathing and out across the support ledge (often a concrete extension of the foundation, but may also be formed with angle-iron).
What is a base cabinet?
Base Cabinet. A cabinet that sits on the floor. These cabinets usually support the countertops. They differ from wall cabinets which hang on the wall. Base cabinets are typically 24" deep, and vary by width.
What is the term for a thin layer of vinyl that is vacuum pressed onto cabinet doors and drawer fronts?
Thermofoil. A thin layer of vinyl that is vacuum-pressed onto cabinet doors and drawer fronts that are typically constructed of medium-density fiberboard. Creates an easy to clean surface, wide range of colors and the option for high gloss finishes.
What is a mortise and tenon?
Mortise and Tenon. The basic mortise and tenon is comprised of two components: the mortise hole, and the tenon tongue.This is not a common joint in kitchens but may be used in certain components like islands, kitchen desks, and bathroom vanities.
What is a full overlay cabinet?
Full Overlay. A cabinet style where the cabinet door or drawer covers all of the cabinet frame so that only the cabinet door is seen with no part of the face frame visible. ...
What is plywood in cabinet construction?
Plywood. Layers of medium to softer woods glued together to form a strong cabinet building material. The wood grains of each successive layer run at different angles, this creates strength that exceeds solid hardwoods. Relatively easy to work with.
What is a cabinet that does not use a frame on the front edge of the cabinet?
A cabinet that does not use a frame on the front edge of the cabinet The front of the cabinet exposes the sides, top and bottom of the cabinet box, the full width and height doors then cover the cabinet box to the edges.
What is a concealed hinge?
A hinge that is not visible on the front door of the cabinet. Concealed hinges are attached to the inside of the door.
What is the bracket on a fireplace called?
The bracket or block that projects from the face of a wall, is referred to as the corbel. While physically and visually supporting the elements placed above it, the corbel is a very popular design element for fireplaces.
What is a fireplace surround?
Ultimately, the surround is what makes up all parts of a fireplace in its entirety. The only exception to this would be the firebox itself.
What is a mantel in a fireplace?
Mantel. The mantel is the top horizontal protruding shelf/ledge over a firebox. A fireplace mantel spans the top of a firebox and is often supported by legs; generally the deepest and heaviest section of the fireplace. It can also be floating, supported by corbels, and can appear well above the firebox opening or right in line with the opening.
What is a bolection moulding?
Bolection moulding is a term used to describe the raised architecture on a fireplace, wall, or door.
Where is the firebox in a fireplace?
Firebox. The firebox is the part of your fireplace that is typically inside of the wall. You usually can’t see much of it – maybe the back wall. This part is part of architecture of the home and actually comes in direct contact with the fire.
How deep is a hearth?
A hearth is usually as wide as the firebox and the legs combined. Its depth is strictly circumscribed anywhere from 18 inches to 24 inches. The depth and acceptable materials for the hearth may be governed by local building codes.
Must-Know Wall Terminology
Guide to Openings For Doors and Windows
- An opening in a wall, such as one for a doorway or window, has its own set of terms. Learn more about the components involved in wall openings. 1. The opening itself is called a rough opening. The size of the rough opening is specified by the manufacturer of the door or window. Typically, it's 1 inch larger than the outside dimensions of whatever is to fill it. Doubled studs stand on bot…
Types of Walls and Framing Elements
- Before you begin building a wall, you should know these key 1. A bearing or structural wallis one that supports the weight of the building above. 2. A partition wallmerely divides the interior space. It is not structural. 3. Joists are the framing members in the floor and in the ceiling. 4. Underfoot, a subflooris nailed to the joists. The walls are usually fastened to the subfloor. Overhead, drywall c…
Wall Materials and Measurements
- You might be tempted to frame a wall using 2x3s to save money and space, but don't do it. The slight amount of space you'll gain and the small amount you'll save are not worth the frustration you'll encounter working with 2x3s. These skinny sticks of lumber are notorious for warping and twisting. If you build with warped and twisted wood, there is little chance that the wall will turn o…