How can I increase Bacteroides in my gut?
61 rows · Bacteroides fragilis is a rare cause of septic arthritis. Most patients with B. fragilis septic ...
What causes Enterobacter infection?
Bacteroides fragilis and other Bacteroides species are the main causes of anaerobic septicaemia. These species can clinically cause a septicaemia that is indistinguishable from that produced by aerobic causes of Gram-negative septicaemia.
What are the types of bacterial infections?
Oct 14, 2019 · In addition to sepsis and septic shock, bacteremia can cause other complications to occur. This can happen when the bacteria in your bloodstream travel to …
What causes Enterobacter UTI?
Nov 11, 2021 · Bacterial pneumonia is a lung infection that can be caused by different kinds of bacteria, like Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The infections spread through air particles from coughing or sneezing. Bacterial vaginosis is an infection of the vagina that causes itchiness, discharge, and painful urination. It happens …
What diseases do Bacteroides cause?
Bacteroides fragilis and other Bacteroides species are the main causes of anaerobic septicaemia. These species can clinically cause a septicaemia that is indistinguishable from that produced by aerobic causes of Gram-negative septicaemia.
Do Bacteroides cause infections?
Bacteroides species are part of the human colon microbiota. Bacteroides fragilis is the most common cause of anaerobic infections in humans. Infection due to Bacteroides fragilis is usually polymicrobial and results from a disruption in tissue barriers.Jun 4, 2021
What does bacteroidetes do?
Bacteroidetes digest carbohydrates via a series of metabolic pathways [44]. They also possess genes that encode for glycan-foraging enzymes to hydrolyze starch and degrade host-derived glycoconjugates and glycosaminoglycans that include hyaluronic acid, mucins, cellulose, and heparin.
Are Bacteroides harmful to humans?
Bacteroides spp. can cause infections in various parts of the human body. They have been isolated from numerous patients suffering from meningitis and brain abscesses.Feb 3, 2021
What is the role of Bacteroides in the human gut?
Members of the genus Bacteroides are potential colonizers of the colon and account for a major fraction of the gut bacteriome. These Gram-negative obligate anaerobes play multiple roles in the human gut bacteriome and are major players in sustaining the microbial food web of the gut.Feb 3, 2021
What bacteria are Bacteroides?
Bacteroides is a genus of Gram-negative, obligate anaerobic bacteria. Bacteroides species are non endospore-forming bacilli, and may be either motile or nonmotile, depending on the species. The DNA base composition is 40–48% GC. Unusual in bacterial organisms, Bacteroides membranes contain sphingolipids.
What is unique about Bacteroidetes?
Members of the phylum Bacteroidetes have colonized many different ecological niches, including soil, ocean, freshwater, and the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of animals, where they display various biological functions. In particular, they are well known degraders of polymeric organic matter.May 30, 2011
What kills Bacteroidetes?
TLR2 Agonist – Heat-killed Bacteroides Fragilis. HKBF is a heat-killed preparation of nontoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, a bile-resistant, Gram negative, obligate anaerobe in normal intestinal microbiota.
How do Bacteroides help plants?
Friendly bacteria can help plants grow by helping the plants to obtain nutrients such as phosphorous and nitrogen, or by defending the plants from other microbes that can make them sick.Aug 16, 2021
What antibiotic kills Bacteroides fragilis?
The antibiotics available for the treatment of B. fragilis infections are the tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, metronidazole and cefoxitin.
Are Bacteroides the same as Bacteroidetes?
Bacteroides spp. are selectively recognized by the immune system of the host through specific interactions....BacteroidotaDomain:Bacteria(unranked):FCB group(unranked):Bacteroidetes-Chlorobi groupPhylum:Bacteroidota Krieg et al. 20217 more rows
What do Bacteroides eat?
High proportions of Bacteroides are found in the gut of humans consuming a Western diet and the opposite is found in those consuming a high fiber diet of fruits and legumes (27, 37, 43, 47, 48). Ruminococcus is the third major enterotype and is associated with long term fruit and vegetable consumption.Apr 17, 2019
What is a Gram negative bacillus?
Bacteroides and related organisms are often easy to recognize in Gram-stained films of pathological material. They may present as small faintly stained Gram-negative bacilli, not dissimilar in appearance from Haemophilus influenzae, as fusiform-shaped rods or spheroids. Marked pleomorphism and irregular staining are characteristic of the Gram-negative anaerobes. It is worth remembering, however, that Gram-negative organisms may sometimes not be seen in direct films of specimens, even when present in large numbers.
What is a Bacteroides xylanisolvens microbe?
Bacteroides xylanisolvens is a novel food ingredient that was introduced in the European Union regulatory processes following an evaluation by the European Food Safety Authority [9]. The food product produced with this microbe is a low-fat or skimmed-milk product and is manufactured using B. xylanisolvens DSM 23964 as a starter culture for milk fermentation. Thereafter, the product is heat treated and after this process, it does not contain viable B. xylanisolvens cells. The final product contains both inactivated bacteria and their metabolites [9]. Therefore, it could feasibly be classified as a postbiotic product.
What is the cause of anaerobic septicaemia?
Anaerobic Septicaemia. Bacteroides fragilis and other Bacteroides species are the main causes of anaerobic septicaemia. These species can clinically cause a septicaemia that is indistinguishable from that produced by aerobic causes of Gram-negative septicaemia.
What is the oralis-melaninogenicus group?
The oralis-melaninogenicus group has been assigned to the genus Prevotella, and includes the former B. bivius, B. oralis, B. disiens and B. melaninogenicus. The asaccharolytic group including B. asaccharolyticus, B. endodontalis and B. gingivalis have been reclassified with the new genus name Porphyromonas.
Which bacteria are most abundant in the infant gut?
In the first few months of life, species from the Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium genera are among the most abundant in the infant gut. Bifidobacterium species have been extensively studied in relation to their ability to digest complex sugars from breast milk, called human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs).
What is the risk factor for CSD?
For instance, maternal obesity (BMI>25 kg/m 2) is a known risk factor for CSD, with an odds ratio (OR) between 2.01 and 2.36 compared with women of normal weight.
What are the resident microflora?
The resident microflora is composed of at least 400 species of bacteria, of which major components are streptococci, lactobacilli, Bacteroides, and enterobacteria. The upper intestinal bacterial count is low in number (<10 5 cfu/ml) and increases distally (terminal ileum, 10 6 per ml; colon, 10 11 per ml). Intestinal bacterial numbers are regulated by the flow rate of luminal contents (intestinal motility) and by mucus and the antibacterial effects of gastric, pancreatic, and biliary juice. Some of the bacteria produce enzymes that degrade mucin, which is thought to be one of their mechanisms of survival ( Rhodes 1989 ). Resident microflora are known to coexist within the intestinal tract and maintain a stable environment by precluding attachment of enteropathogens (see Chapter 2 ). The flora can eliminate foreign pathogens by producing antimicrobial substances (colicins, short-chain fatty acids; Iglewski and Gerhardt 1978; Byrne and Dankert 1979) and by stimulating the growth of mucosal epithelium ( Thompson and Trexler 1971 ). Interestingly, bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, and Clostridium have been reported also to exist within the intestinal mucosa. Ultrastructurally, these organisms adhere firmly to the mucus layer in crypts of the distal small intestine ( Savage 1970; see Chapter 2 ).
Which bacteria are responsible for the development of the immune system?
Intestinal Bacteroides species may play a role in the development of the host immune system. Polysaccharide A of the B. fragilis capsular polysaccharide has been shown to increase the anti-inflammatory interleukin-10.
What is the BFT of Bacteroides fragilis?
Functionally, there are two distinct groups of Bacteroides fragilis. Strains that secrete a zinc-dependent metalloprotease toxin (Bft) which is encoded from the B. fragilis pathogenicity island are referred to as enterotoxigenic B. fragilis (ETBF).
What is the common colonizer of the gastrointestinal tract, mucosal surfaces, and oral cavities of animals and
Bacteroides fragilis are common colonizers of the gastrointestinal tract, mucosal surfaces, and oral cavities of animals and humans. Spread of the organisms to adjacent tissues and into bloodstream can cause infection. They can cause acute appendicitis, bacteremia, endocarditis, and intraabdominal abscesses.
What is the cause of anaerobic septicaemia?
Anaerobic Septicaemia. Bacteroides fragilis and other Bacteroides species are the main causes of anaerobic septicaemia. These species can clinically cause a septicaemia that is indistinguishable from that produced by aerobic causes of Gram-negative septicaemia.
What is the cause of diarrhoea?
Toxin-producing strains of B. fragilis, termed enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF), are an established cause of diarrhoeal disease in humans. The clinical syndrome associated with ETBF diarrhoeal disease consists of abdominal pain, tenesmus and inflammatory diarrhoea. ETBF strains have a conjugative transposon containing a pathogenicity ...
What does BFT do to colon cells?
BFT stimulates the cleavage of intercellular adhesion protein E-cadherin on colonic epithelial cells, resulting in increased human colon permeability and activates nuclear factor-kappa B signalling, resulting in proinflammatory cytokine secretion by colonic epithelial cells. 110.
What is the colony of Prevotella?
Infections include aspiration pneumonia, lung abscess, pulmonary embolism, and bacteremia. Prevotella spp. appear as greenish colonies on BBE agar and can be differentiated from Bacteroides by the lack of tolerance to bile and hydrolysis of ESC which causes the black colonies of Bacteroides. Some species can produce brick red fluorescence.
What are the by-products of Bacteroides?
The main by-products of their anaerobic respiration are acetic acid, iso valeric acid, and succinic acid. They are involved in many important metabolic activities in the human colon including fermentation of carbohydrates, utilization of nitrogenous substances, and biotransformation of bile acids and other steroids. Most intestinal bacteria are saccharolytic, which means that they obtain carbon and energy by hydrolysis of carbohydrate molecules. To see a list of metabolic pathways that occur within Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, visit The Systems Biology Institute .
Which bacteria binds to polysaccharides?
Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron have been shown to bind to polysaccharides with their outer membrane receptor system (the outer membrane can be seen in the picture to the right) before pulling the polysaccharides into the periplasm for monosaccharide degradation.
What is the G-C of Bacteroides fragilis?
All Bacteroides have G-C composition of 40-48% . Strain NCTC9343 of the species B acteroides fragilis, for example, is 5,205,140 bp long and has a G-C content of 43.19%. Much of the genome is controlled by sigma factors which respond to environmental factors. A large part of the proteins made by the Bacteroides genome goes to breaking down polysaccharides and metabolizing their sugars (Jian et al. 2003). There have been a total of three genome projects done on two different species of Bacteroides. The three genomes sequenced were that of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron VPI-5482, Bacteroides fragilis YCH46, and Bacteroides fragilis NCTC 9343. More information on strain NCTC9343 of Bacteroides fragilis can be found at The Sanger Institute. Information and a schematic representation of the Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron VPI-5482 chromosome can be found at TIGR and at NCBI.
How many organisms are in the colon?
The colon contains over 400 species of organisms and has more than 10 11 organisms per gram of wet weight. Bacteroides by themselves constitute nearly 10 11 organisms per gram of feces (dry weight). These anaerobes enhance health of the human host by helping catabolize complex molecules such as fucosylated glycans.
What are the organs that Bacteroides escape?
When Bacteroides escape the gut, they are responsible for many types of infections and abscesses that can occur all over the body including the central nervous system, the head, the neck, the chest, the abdomen, the pelvis, the skin, and the soft tissues.
What is the proteome of Bacteroides 4779?
A large part of the Bacteroides 4779-member proteome includes proteins that hydrolyze these poly saccharides (Jian et al. 2003). Cross section of a Bacteroides showing an outer membrane, a peptidoglycan layer, and a cytoplasmic membrane. From [email protected].
What is the role of anaerobes in the ecosystem?
Anaerobes, such as Bacteroides, are though to play a fundamental role in this ecosystem by processing complex molecules into simpler compounds. (These simpler compounds are used by the human host as well as the Bacteroides .)
What is the main source of energy for Bacteroides species?
Bacteroides species' main source of energy is fermentation of a wide range of sugar derivatives from plant material. These compounds are common in the human colon and are potentially toxic. Bacteroides such as Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron converts these sugars to fermentation products which are beneficial to humans.
How many Bacteroides cells are there in a gram of human feces?
As many as 10 10 –10 11 cells per gram of human feces have been reported.
What phyla are the bacteria in the gut?
Members of the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla make up a majority of the bacterial species in the human intestinal microbiota (the "gut microbiome"). The healthy human gut microbiome consists of 109 abundant species of which 31 (19.7%) are members of the Bacteroidetes while 63 (40%) and 32 (20%) belong to Firmicutes and Actinobacteria.
Is Bacteroides a bacillus?
Bacteroides species are non endospore -forming bacilli, and may be either motile or nonmotile, depending on the species. The DNA base composition is 40–48% GC. Unusual in bacterial organisms, Bacteroides membranes contain sphingolipids. They also contain meso-diaminopimelic acid in their peptidoglycan layer .
Is Bacteroides a Gram negative organism?
Bacteroides. Bacteroides is a genus of Gram-negative, obligate anaerobic bacteria. Bacteroides species are non endospore -forming bacilli, and may be either motile or nonmotile, depending on the species. The DNA base composition is 40–48% GC.
Do bacteria remove bile acids?
Bacteroides also have the ability to remove side chains from bile acids, thus returning bile acids to the hepatic circulation. There is data suggesting that members of Bacteroides affect the lean or obese phenotype in humans. In this article, one human twin is obese while the other is lean.
Does long term diet affect the microbiome?
Studies indicate that long-term diet is strongly associated with the gut microbiome composition —those who eat plenty of protein and animal fats have predominantly Bacteroides bacteria, while for those who consume more carbohydrates the Prevotella species dominate.
How to diagnose bacteremia?
Bacteremia can be diagnosed using a blood culture. To do this, a sample of blood will be taken from a vein in your arm. It will then be sent to a lab to be tested for the presence of bacteria.
Can bacteremia cause septic shock?
In addition to sepsis and septic shock, bacteremia can cause other complications to occur. This can happen when the bacteria in your bloodstream travel to other areas of your body.
What are the effects of bacteria on the body?
Diagnosis. Treatment. Bacterial infections are common, and their effects vary. There are a number of different bacteria that can cause illness, and you can become exposed to them in a variety of ways. Bacteria are small organisms that can invade the body, causing illness. These infections usually trigger a protective immune response.
How do bacteria get into your body?
You can be exposed to bacteria from other people, through the environment, or from eating contaminated food or drinking contaminated water.
What causes a vagina to itch?
It is caused by an imbalance in the normal bacterial flora of the vagina. Heliobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a type of bacteria associated with stomach ulcers and chronic gastritis.
What are the different types of bacterial infections?
Bacterial infections can range from minor illnesses such as strep throat and ear infections to more life-threatening conditions like meningitis and encephalitis.
What are the symptoms of a bacterial infection?
You can experience generalized symptoms, such as fevers, chills, and fatigue as a result of a bacterial infection anywhere in the body.
What is the cause of Salmonella?
Salmonella is caused by a non-typhoidal salmonellae bacteria found in the intestinal tracts of humans and other animals, and the most recognized method of infection is through undercooked poultry. Escherichia coli (E. coli) causes gastrointestinal (GI) distress.
What is the difference between Clostridium difficile and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aure
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an antibiotic-resistant bacteria that can be deadly , particularly in people who have compromised immune systems. Clostridium difficile (C. diff) is a bacteria normally found in the intestine.
Why are bacteria important?
Most importantly, by having good bacteria in your body, bad bacteria don’t get a chance to grow and cause disease.
What is the microbiome?
Each person has a personalized collection of bacteria, called the microbiome. [1] . We acquire our first bacteria while being born, and every day our environment exposes us to more. Some of these bacteria will take up residence inside the body and help develop a robust immune system.
Why is my immune system so ugly?
The Ugly. In addition to allowing disease-causing bacteria to flourish, the elimination of good bacteria throws the immune system out of whack. The result can be simple allergies or very debilitating autoimmune diseases. Without the right balance of bacteria, your body might suffer from constant inflammation.
How do bacteria help the immune system?
The species of bacteria that colonize our respiratory and digestive systems help set up checks and balances in the immune system. White blood cells police the body, looking for infections, but they also limit the amount of bacteria that grow there. Likewise, bacteria keep white blood cells from using too much force. Bacteria also help out by doing things cells are ill-equipped to do. For instance, bacteria break down carbohydrates (sugars) and toxins, and they help us absorb the fatty acids which cells need to grow. [2] Bacteria help protect the cells in your intestines from invading pathogens and also promote repair of damaged tissue. Most importantly, by having good bacteria in your body, bad bacteria don’t get a chance to grow and cause disease.
How do bacteria help white blood cells?
Likewise, bacteria keep white blood cells from using too much force. Bacteria also help out by doing things cells are ill-equipped to do. For instance, bacteria break down carbohydrates (sugars) and toxins, and they help us absorb the fatty acids which cells need to grow. [2] .
What is the first line of defense against foreign invaders?
The bacteria on our skin , in our airways, and in our digestive system are the first line of defense against foreign “invaders” (pathogens) that can cause infection and other problems. Bacteria also act as “tuning forks” for our body’s immune system, making sure it’s pitched just right. The immune system shouldn’t be too sensitive ...
What is the body's alarm system?
Inflammation is the body’s alarm system, which calls white blood cells to heal a wound or to get rid of infection. Chronic inflammation, however, can make the body more susceptible to autoimmune diseases and cancer, such as causing inflammatory bowel disease which if uncontrolled can cause colon cancer. [5]
Pathophysiology
- Bacteroides fragilis is a nonspore-forming obligate anaerobe that is part of the normal enteric flora. Some enterotoxin-secreting strains have been associated with diarrhea in piglets, calves, lambs, foals, and humans. This enterotoxin is a protease, and probably damages the zonula adherens at the tight junction between enterocytes. Enterotoxigenic strains or cell-free culture fil…
Types
- Bacteroides fragilis is an anaerobic organism that is commonly isolated from normal stool flora. However, some investigators have identified a toxin-producing variant that is enteropathogenic. Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) organisms have been isolated from both healthy persons and those with diarrhea.230 The only known virulence factor of ETBF is the B. fragilis to…
Epidemiology
- A recent observational study in Bangladesh followed children more than 1 year of age and adults to identify individuals infected with B. fragilis.231 A total of 1209 patients with diarrhea were screened, and 417 (34.5%) yielded B. fragilis, of which 86 (7%) were ETBF. The clinical presentation of infection included abdominal pain, tenesmus, and nocturnal diarrhea that lasted …
Introduction
- Bacteroides fragilis group are the most frequently recovered species of Bacteroidaceae in clinical specimens. Bacteroides fragilis group are resistant to penicillins, mostly through the production of β-lactamase. They include several members the most commonly isolated ones are B. fragilis (the most commonly recovered member), Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides distasonis, Bac…
Clinical significance
- Bacteroides fragilis is the only strain of Bacteroides spp. associated with diarrhoeal disease. Toxin-producing strains of B. fragilis, termed enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF), are an established cause of diarrhoeal disease in humans. The clinical syndrome associated with ETBF diarrhoeal disease consists of abdominal pain, tenesmus and inflammatory diarrhoea. This so-c…
Mechanism of action
- Fragilysin is the Bacteroides fragilis enterotoxin, a metallopeptidase (MP) belonging to the metzincin subclan. It was first discovered by Myers and co-workers [1], who reported that some strains of B. fragilis caused diarrhea in livestock and that these strains appeared to produce an enterotoxin, fragilysin. Members of the Bacteroides genus comprise the majority of intestinal obl…
Treatment
- Postpartum endometritis is commonly treated parenterally with a broad-spectrum antibiotic regimen with activity against Bacteroides fragilis and other penicillin-resistant anaerobic bacteria, such as second-generation cephalosporins (cefoxitin or cefotetan) or the extended-spectrum penicillins (ticarcillinclavulanate or sulbactamampicillin).30 The combination of aminoglycoside …
Contraindications
- Reasons for failure to respond to antimicrobial therapy include inappropriate antibiotics (enterococcal infection or resistant anaerobic infection), pelvic or wound abscess, or ovarian vein thrombophlebitis. When postpartum septic pelvic thrombophlebitis is suspected, heparin should be given.31 Late postpartum endometritis can be managed in the same way as PID (see Table 5…
Prognosis
- The course usually is subacute except for that with infection due to F. necrophorum, which characteristically produces a more fulminant disease. These organisms usually cause extensive valve destruction, CHF, and major systemic emboli (in 60% to 70% of the cases). Thromboembolic episodes are especially common in infections caused by B. fragilis, a phenomenon that may be r…
Chemistry
- Anti-T antibodies are present in almost all sera of adults223 and are found as naturally occurring antibodies in various animal species.224 The agglutinin of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) is widely used for the identification of T-transformed erythrocytes.225
Classification
- Higher order taxa:
Bacteria; Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi group; Bacteroidetes; Bacteroides (class); Bacteroidales; Bacteroidaceae; Bacteroides - Species:
Bacteroides caccae; Bacteroides distasonis; Bacteroides eggerthii; Bacteroides fragilis; Bacteroides merdae; Bacteroides ovatus; Bacteroides stercoris; Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron; Bacteroides uniformis; Bacteriodes vulgatus
Description and Significance
- Bacteroides are commonly found in the human intestine where they have a symbiotic host-bacterial relationship with humans. They assist in breaking down food and producing valuable nutrients and energy that the body needs. However, when Bacteriodesare introduced to parts of the body other than the gastrointestinal area, they can cause or exacerbate abscesses and othe…
Genome Structure
- The genome of the circular chromosome of many Bacteroides species and strains have been studied; research is being done on sequencing Bacteroides species in order to understand their pathogenic properties. All Bacteroides have G-C composition of 40-48%. Strain NCTC9343 of the species Bacteroides fragilis, for example, is 5,205,140 bp long and has a G-C content of 43.19%. …
Cell Structure and Metabolism
- Bacteroides are gram-negative, nonsporeforming, anaerobic, and rod-shaped bacteria. They have an outer membrane, a peptidoglycan layer, and a cytoplasmic membrane. The main by-products of their anaerobic respiration are acetic acid, iso valeric acid, and succinic acid. They are involved in many important metabolic activities in the human colon including fermentation of carbohydra…
Ecology
- Anaerobes make up the majority of bacteria found in the bacterial flora found in the human colon; the most predominant bacteria found are Bacteroides. The colon contains over 400 species of organisms and has more than 1011 organisms per gram of wet weight. Bacteroides by themselves constitute nearly 1011organisms per gram of feces (dry weight). These anaerobes e…
Pathology
- When Bacteroides escape the gut, they are responsible for many types of infections and abscesses that can occur all over the body including the central nervous system, the head, the neck, the chest, the abdomen, the pelvis, the skin, and the soft tissues. The widely accepted model for abdominal infections goes as follows: disruptions of the intestinal wall, bacterial flora infiltra…
Overview
Bacteroides is a genus of Gram-negative, obligate anaerobic bacteria. Bacteroides species are non endospore-forming bacilli, and may be either motile or nonmotile, depending on the species. The DNA base composition is 40–48% GC. Unusual in bacterial organisms, Bacteroides membranes contain sphingolipids. They also contain meso-diaminopimelic acid in their peptidoglycan layer.
Pathogenesis
Bacteroides species also benefit their host by excluding potential pathogens from colonizing the gut. Some species (B. fragilis, for example) are opportunistic human pathogens, causing infections of the peritoneal cavity, gastrointestinal surgery, and appendicitis via abscess formation, inhibiting phagocytosis, and inactivating beta-lactam antibiotics. Although Bacteroides species are anaerobic, they are transiently aerotolerant and thus can survive in the abdominal cavity.
Microbiological applications
An alternative fecal indicator organism, Bacteroides, has been suggested because they make up a significant portion of the fecal bacterial population, have a high degree of host specificity that reflects differences in the digestive system of the host animal Over the past decade, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods have been used to detect the presence of various microbial pathogens through the amplification of specific DNA sequences without culturing bac…
Human
Members of the Bacillota and Bacteroidota phyla make up a majority of the bacterial species in the human intestinal microbiota (the "gut microbiome"). The healthy human gut microbiome consists of 109 abundant species of which 31 (19.7%) are members of the Bacteroidetes while 63 (40%) and 32 (20%) belong to Bacillota and Actinomycetota.
Bacteroides species' main source of energy is fermentation of a wide range of sugar derivatives …
See also
• CrAssphage
• Cytophaga
• Flavobacterium
External links
• Bacteroides infections in E Medicine
• Bacteroides in detail.