what does decline mean in science

Decrease, diminish, dwindle, shrink imply becoming smaller or less in amount. Decrease commonly implies a sustained reduction in stages, especially of bulk, size, volume, or quantity, often from some imperceptible cause or inherent process: The swelling decreased daily.

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What is the past tense of decline?

past tense of decline is declined. He/She/It declines . I decline. You/We/They decline. He/She/It is declining. I am declining. You/We/They are declining. He/She/It has declined. I have declined. You/We/They have declined.

What is a general decline?

In most cases, the General Decline of Card error indicates that the charge that was sent to the bank or credit card company was rejected without reporting a reason. Any small typo or misspelling can cause the charge to be rejected.

What is the meaning of decline?

decline. ( dɪˈklaɪn) vb. 1. to refuse to do or accept (something), esp politely. 2. ( intr) to grow smaller; diminish: demand has declined over the years. 3. to slope or cause to slope downwards. 4. ( intr) to deteriorate gradually, as in quality, health, or character. 5.

What does decline bench hit?

The decline bench press primarily targets the lower part of the pectoralis major muscles. To a lesser extent, it also works the upper pectoralis major, anterior deltoids and triceps. The biceps muscles on the front of your upper arms work as stabilizers during the movement.

What caused the decline in delis in the 1950s?

What does degeneration mean?

What is decline in medical terms?

What does "descend" mean?

Who said "avert evasions are sought to decline the pressure of resistless arguments"?

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What does in decline mean?

: to become less powerful, wealthy, etc. There was a general feeling that the country was in decline.

What does decline mean in biology?

Declining populations are those with notable decreases in their overall number of organisms.

What is another meaning for decline?

deterioration, downturn, drop, failure, fall, recession, slump, weakening, decrease, dip, drop-off, loss, slide, deny, dismiss, refuse, reject, depreciate, deteriorate, diminish.

What is an example of decline?

1. Decline is defined as to refuse something, slope downward, become less or to sink from view. An example of decline is someone saying no when they've been asked out to dinner. An example of decline is a ski run. An example of decline is the unemployment rate going from 9% to 7.5%.

What does decay and decline mean?

to decline or cause to decline gradually in health, prosperity, excellence, etc; deteriorate; waste away. to rot or cause to rot as a result of bacterial, fungal, or chemical action; decompose. Also: disintegrate (intr) physics.

What is the decline of growth?

Key Takeaways. Negative growth is a decline in a company's sales or earnings, or a decrease in an economy's GDP during any quarter. Declining wage growth and a contraction of the money supply are characteristics of negative growth, and economists view negative growth as a sign of a possible recession or depression.

What type of word is decline?

The verb decline means refuse to accept, but the noun decline means a downward slope (the opposite of an incline), or a decrease in quality. At the gym, the treadmill has an incline button to control how steep your climb is.

What is the opposite of decline '?

Antonyms for decline. accept, agree (to), approve.

How do you decline?

How to politely declineApologize first. This might seem like an odd piece of advice, especially if you objectively haven't done anything wrong. ... Don't beat around the bush. ... Use the actual word. ... Say NO twice, if you have to. ... Forward them to someone else. ... Mirror their request. ... Offer an alternative. ... Get back to them.More items...

What are the types of declines?

There are two types of declines: hard and soft declines.

What is the decline phase?

the final stage of the product life cycle (after introductory stage, growth stage and maturity stage) when sales are dropping because the original need and want have diminished or because another product innovation has been introduced.

What is the meaning of population decline?

A population decline (also sometimes called underpopulation, depopulation, or population collapse) in humans is a reduction in a human population size.

What is a decline in population called?

Depopulation The state of population decline. Divorce Rate (or crude divorce rate) The number of divorces per 1,000 population in a given year.

439 Synonyms & Antonyms of DECLINE - Merriam-Webster

Synonyms for DECLINE: balk (at), deselect, disapprove, negative, nix, pass, pass up, refuse; Antonyms for DECLINE: accept, agree (to), approve, allow, concede, grant ...

Decline Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com

Decline definition, to withhold or deny consent to do, enter into or upon, etc.; refuse: He declined to say more about it. See more.

decline | meaning of decline in Longman Dictionary of Contemporary ...

decline meaning, definition, what is decline: a decrease in the quality, quantity, or ...: Learn more.

DECLINE | meaning, definition in Cambridge English Dictionary

decline definition: 1. to gradually become less, worse, or lower: 2. to refuse: 3. If a noun, pronoun, or adjective…. Learn more.

DECLINED | meaning, definition in Cambridge English Dictionary

declined definition: 1. past simple and past participle of decline 2. to gradually become less, worse, or lower: 3. to…. Learn more.

What does "puella" mean?

to express inability or reluctance to accept; refuse with courtesy: to decline an invitation; to decline an offer. to cause to slope or incline downward. Grammar. to inflect (a noun, pronoun, or adjective), as Latin puella, declined puella, puellae, puellae, puellam, puella in the five cases of the singular.

What does "progress downward" mean?

progress downward or toward the close, as of the sun or the day.

Why is the environment declining?

Police Superintendent Michael Harrison said the decline was a result of an effort to decrease gang violence.

What does "stoop" mean?

to descend, as to an unworthy level; stoop.

What does "recite" mean?

to recite or display all or some subset of the inflected forms of a noun, pronoun, or adjective in a fixed order.

Where did Tuxedo get its name?

Tuxedo was given its name after gaining popularity among diners at Tuxedo Park, NY.

When was A Christmas Carol published?

When A Christmas Carol was published just in time for the Christmas of 1843, the holiday had been in a long decline in England.

Why is math important in engineering?

A rigorous mathematical education is needed for all scientists and engineers. The engineering problems we face today often involve complex, nonlinear, stochastic systems, in which ordinary human intuition is weak, and reliance on difficult mathematical reasoning is necessary. High-quality engineers are needed for product development, system maintenance, and upgrades in all industries, from aerospace to medical. To fulfill this demand, we need a national mathematics exam prepared by real mathematicians, physicists, and engineers (not people with graduate school of education degrees). Students scoring in the ninety-eighth percentile should be guaranteed a college scholarship, including full tuition and living expenses, provided that they major in mathematics, engineering, or science.

What is the epistemology of modern science?

To understand the present situation, one must appreciate the epistemology, the concept of knowledge, underlying modern science and engineering. Modern science, whose beginning might be marked with the publication of Francis Bacon’s New Organon in 1620, aimed to apply reason differently than it had been in the past. New Organon set science on a new course, in which empirical observation and reasoning were integrated within the same scientific process. Bacon writes:

What is the idea behind big data?

The biggest hype of recent years has been around “big data.” The idea is to gather huge amounts of data that may have something to do with whatever problem is being studied, and then process (“mine”) it via computer algorithms to find relations among this data. The experimental method involves postulating a theory to guide experiments, incorporating the data into the theory, and, if needed, repeating the cycle. With data mining, however, there are no experiments. This high-performance groping in the dark is supposed to be more efficient than the traditional experimental method. But this remains to be proven. 1

How is science validated?

Science is constituted in mathematical statements and validated by checking the concordance of predictions with observations. Scientific knowledge and its verification are necessarily constituted within mathematics. Thus, one’s ability to do science is limited by one’s mathematical toolbox.

How did Galileo and Newton refine Bacon?

Galileo and Newton further refined Bacon, in the first place by demarcating science from metaphysics. In particular, they ruled out causality as part of science because it cannot be empirically verified. In his Principia, Newton wrote, “I here design only to give a mathematical notion of these forces, without considering their physical causes and seats.” Newton, moreover, formulated his scientific principles mathematically, because science concerns relations among quantitative variables. Science is constituted in mathematical statements and validated by checking the concordance of predictions with observations. Scientific knowledge and its verification are necessarily constituted within mathematics. Thus, one’s ability to do science is limited by one’s mathematical toolbox.

How has the United States made two huge errors in science and educational policy?

Over the last several decades, the United States has made two huge errors in science and educational policy that have severely limited progress in the world of atoms , and which have profound implications for the country’s industrial and military competitiveness. First, it has turned its back on the conceptual framework underlying three centuries of modern science, from Isaac Newton’s Principia in 1687 through the extraordinary achievements of the first three quarters of the twentieth century. Second, it has allowed an alarming deterioration in the quality of mathematical education.

Why should data mining be dropped?

The computer game playing—data mining, vacuous simulations, and superficially dazzling visualizations—needs to be dropped in order for there to be a return to real science. The gains from 1919 through 1969 dwarf those during the next half century (and at a fraction of the cost). Only sheer ignorance, aided by the faddish (and equally ignorant) notion that all knowledge is socially constructed, could lead to the rejection of the scientific techniques that achieved extraordinary successes only a few decades ago.

What are the challenges of China's science?

However, China’s rise in science also faces two major challenges: a rigid, top-down administration system known for misallocating resources, and rising allegations of scientific misconduct in a system where major decisions about funding and rewards are made by bureaucrats rather than peer scientists. Given these features, Chinese science is likely to do well in research areas where research output depends on material and human resources; i.e., extensions of proven research lines rather than truly innovative advances into unchartered territories. Given China’s heavy emphasis on its economic development, priority is also placed on applied rather than basic research. These characteristics of Chinese science mean that U.S. scientists could benefit from collaborating with Chinese scientists in complementary and mutually beneficial ways. For example, U.S. scientists could design studies to be tested in well-equipped and well-staffed laboratories in China.

Why is science in trouble?

science is in trouble, this is because there are too many scientists, not too few. Newly trained scientists have glutted the scientific labor market and contribute low-cost labor to organized science but are unable to become independent and , thus, highly innovative. Proponents of the second view, mostly economists, are quick to point out that claims concerning a shortage of scientific personnel are often made by interest groups —universities, senior scientists, funding agencies, and industries that employ scientifically trained workers—that would benefit from an increased supply of scientists. This view is well articulated in two reports issued by the RAND Corporation in 2007 and 2008 in response to the first NAS report and economist Paula Stephan’s recent book, How Economics Shapes Science.

How did globalization affect science?

But in some ways, the globalization of science is a result of U.S. science’s success. Science is a public good, and a global one at that. Once discovered, science knowledge is codified and then can be taught and consumed anywhere in the world. The huge success of U.S. science in the 20th century meant that scientists in many less developed countries, such as China and India, could easily build on the existing science foundation largely built by U.S. scientists and make new scientific discoveries. Internet communication and cheap air transportation have also minimized the importance of location, enabling scientists in less developed countries to have access to knowledge, equipment, materials, and collaborators in more developed countries such as the United States.

What is the first view of the debate?

The first view is that U.S. science, having fallen victim to a new, highly competitive, globalized world order, particularly to the rise of China, India, and other Asian countries, is now declining.

What is the advantage of the United States?

In today’s ever more competitive globalized science, the United States enjoys the particular advantage of having a social environment that encourages innovation, values contributions to the public good, and lives up to the ideal of equal opportunity for all. This is where the true U.S. advantage lies in the long run.

How many Americans support scientific research?

Those indicators all show that the U.S. public has remained overwhelmingly positive toward scientists and science in general. About 80% of Americans endorse federal funding for scientific research, even if it has no immediate benefits, and about 70% believe that the benefits of science outweigh the costs.

What is PISA in Shanghai?

In 2009, national headlines revealed that students in Shanghai outscored their peers around the world in math, science, and reading on the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), a test administered to 15-year-olds in 65 countries. In contrast, the scores of U.S. students were mediocre.

The decline effect

I’m going to go about this in a slightly different manner than one might normally expect. First, I’m going to quote the a few sentences near the end of the article right now at the beginning, because you’ll rapidly see why those of us here at SBM might find them provocative, perhaps even a gauntlet thrown down.

John Ioannidis, John Lehrer, and the decline effect, and me

Of course, the work of John Ioannidis, as discussed here before, most recently by myself, provides an excellent framework to understand why effect sizes appear to decline over time. Although Ioannidis has been criticized for exaggerating the extent of the problem and even using circular reasoning, for the most part I find his analysis compelling.

The bottom line: Is the scientific method unreliable?

As I read Lehrer’s article, I was troubled. No, I wasn’t troubled because the implications of his article were somehow shaking my view of the reliability of science and the scientific method.

What is a trick in science?

The word "trick" is commonly used to refer to a mathematical or algorithmic device that provides a particularly neat solution to some problem. It has precisely nothing to do with desception. It isn't hard to find examples of this usage, for instance in my field (machine learning) there is a well-known paper called "The Kernel Trick for Distances" and this usage is not at all uncommon, as Google Scholar reveals. Of course the "skeptic" blogs are unable to accept this and happily misrepresent the emails as evidence of intentional desception.

What is divergence problem?

The divergence problem is a physical phenomenon - tree growth has slowed or declined in the last few decades, mostly in high northern latitudes. The divergence problem is unprecedented, unique to the last few decades, indicating its cause may be anthropogenic. The cause is likely to be a combination of local and global factors such as warming-induced drought and global dimming. Tree-ring proxy reconstructions are reliable before 1960, tracking closely with the instrumental record and other independent proxies.

What is the caption of a WMO report?

The essential points: 1) The caption of the figure explicitly mentions the inclusion of instrumental data; 2) The caption explicitly refers the reader to a discussion of the data , including the divergence problem that was both published and available on the web; and 3) The caption explicitly refers the reader to a repository of the original data available on the web. Given that, there can be no question of dishonesty, or intent to mislead involved.

What is Mike's Nature Trick?

It's clear that "Mike's Nature trick" is quite separate to Keith Briffa's "hide the decline". "Mike's Nature trick" refers to a technique (a "trick of the trade") by Michael Mann to plot recent instrumental data along with reconstructed past temperature. This places recent global warming trends in the context of temperature changes ...

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Why do tree rings diverge?

The tree rings started to diverge from expected growth due to increased temperatures because their ability to photosynthesize is increasingly impaired due to exposure to toxic background tropospheric ozone , the level of which is inexorably rising. http://witsendnj.blogspot.com/2011/02/rude-awakening.html yes, it's a blog! If anyone knows of tree ring data being collected in the past decade I would be very interested to see it, because it is certain to reflect radically reduced growth - if not shrinkage.

Why are tree rings used to plot temperature?

However, tree-rings in some high-latitude locations diverge from modern instrumental temperature records after 1960. This is known as the " divergence problem ".

What caused the decline in delis in the 1950s?

The number of delis began to decline during the 1950s with the rise of suburbanization, when Jews were not as closely packed together and did not regularly experience face-to-face interactions with each other. — Noah Sheidlower And Radhika Marya, CNN, 7 Nov. 2021 After hitting its high, the stock began to decline rapidly, indicating plenty of investor profit taking. — Chris Morris, Fortune, 2 Nov. 2021 Experts haven’t pinpointed exactly why infections began to decline, but the national vaccination rate has been slowly rising, with 80% of Americans at least partially vaccinated and 69% fully inoculated. — Jemima Mcevoy, Forbes, 26 Oct. 2021 As was also suggested by previous studies, antibody responses from the two-shot Pfizer and Moderna messenger RNA vaccines peaked after full vaccination, and then began to decline six months later. — BostonGlobe.com, 15 Oct. 2021 Beginning in the late 1990s, the number of kids in lockup began to decline, both nationally and in Tennessee. — Ken Armstrong, ProPublica, 8 Oct. 2021 Alabama’s case numbers and hospitalizations began to decline a few weeks later. — Mike Cason | [email protected], al, 8 Oct. 2021 Recent Examples on the Web: Noun Hepp said the sales decline in October is more a reflection of how busy the market was this time last year than of a collapse in demand. — Andrew Khouri, Los Angeles Times, 18 Nov. 2021 The decline in bees and other pollinators — butterflies, beetles and more — is another sign of a planet under stress, including ecosystems lost or changed by a warming climate. — Washington Post, 16 Nov. 2021 The largest decline was at two-year colleges, mirroring the large overall enrollment losses suffered by that sector last year. — Michael T. Nietzel, Forbes, 15 Nov. 2021 The steady decline in border apprehensions over the past three months is largely due to a marked reduction in the number of unaccompanied children and families entering U.S. custody. — Camilo Montoya-galvez, CBS News, 15 Nov. 2021 The decline in federal spending compared with the same month a year ago was due in part to a decrease in spending by the Department of Education related to coronavirus funding for public schools. — Arkansas Online, 11 Nov. 2021 The decline in spending from last October to this year was due in part to a decrease in spending by the Department of Education related to coronavirus funding for public schools. — Matt Ott, Fortune, 10 Nov. 2021 But officials with the two entities predict the decline will be short-lived. — Mella Mcewen [email protected], Chron, 8 Nov. 2021 The decline of southern flounder is not just a Texas issue, either. — Matt Wyatt, San Antonio Express-News, 2 Nov. 2021

What does degeneration mean?

deterioration, degeneration, decadence, decline mean the falling from a higher to a lower level in quality, character, or vitality. deterioration implies generally the impairment of value or usefulness. the deterioration of the house through neglect degeneration stresses physical, intellectual, or especially moral retrogression. the degeneration of their youthful idealism into cynicism decadence presupposes a reaching and passing the peak of development and implies a turn downward with a consequent loss in vitality or energy. cited love of luxury as a sign of cultural decadence decline differs from decadence in suggesting a more markedly downward direction and greater momentum as well as more obvious evidence of deterioration. the meteoric decline of his career after the scandal

What is decline in medical terms?

Medical Definition of decline (Entry 2 of 2) 1 : the process of declining especially : a gradual physical or mental sinking and wasting away. 2 : the period during which the end of life is approaching. 3 : a wasting disease especially : pulmonary tuberculosis.

What does "descend" mean?

1 : to bend or slope downward The road declines into the valley.

Who said "avert evasions are sought to decline the pressure of resistless arguments"?

a : avert … evasions are sought to decline the pressure of resistless arguments … — Samuel Johnson