What is the meaning of ESDA?
ESDA stands for Electrostatic Detection Apparatus. This instrument is used to produce a permanent 'lift' from paper which provides a visual map of indented impressions in that paper.
How does ESDA work?
ESDA works by applying an electrostatic charge to a document containing suspected indented writing. The indented writing is visualized through the application of charge sensitive toner. Indented writing (i.e., disturbed fibers) created from previously written documents on overlying pages can then be seen.
Who invented the ESDA?
The ESDA process was originally discovered by foster+freeman more than 35 years ago and resulted in the founding of the company. Used by police forces and document examiners worldwide, ESDA instruments remain the systems of choice for the chemical-free and completely non-destructive detection of indented writing.
What is ESDA and what is its application in forensic document examination?
A sensitive technique to identify indented and electrostatic writing impressions on documents caused by other documents having been written whilst resting on top of the document under investigation. This technique regularly gives valuable information as to: The source or history of the document.
What are the 5 types of questioned documents?
Some of the common types of questioned documents subjected to forensic document examination are stated below.• Wills. • Cheques. • Bank Drafts. • Agreements. • Receipts. ... • Identity Theft. • Forgeries. • Counterfeiting. • Suicides. • Homicides. ... • Surface features. • Latent images. • Alterations. • Watermarks. • Ink stamps.
What are the three 3 procedures in document handwriting examination?
He discusses the steps that a forensic document examiner follows, including analysis, comparison, and evaluation.
Why is ESDA important?
The Electrostatic Detection Apparatus (ESDA) has been a valuable tool for document examiners to use in the examination and decipherment of indented writing impressions. The inventors of the ESDA and articles published on this examination techniques have repeated that this is a non-destructive procedure.
When was ESDA invented?
1978Foster + Freeman Ltd manufactures and markets the ESDA® (from Electrostatic Detection Apparatus) which is the original such device developed in 1978.
Why is VSC used?
VSC stands for vehicle stability control, an electronic system designed to reduce the loss of vehicle control by monitoring steering direction and a vehicle's actual direction, then applying braking force and possibly even reducing power to specific wheels in an attempt to counter a skid.
How do you read a paper imprint?
First, take the paper with potential indented writing and lay it on a smooth, flat surface away from any source of direct light. Second, at a slight, low angle, take a lighting source, and shine it across the paper in order to see the shadows left by the indentations.
What is VSC in forensic science?
EUROFINS FORENSIC SERVICES use a VSC 2000HR (Video Spectral Comparator) for the specialised lighting examination of documents. This instrument is capable of viewing and recording the response of documents/inks when exposed to light of various wavelengths.
What is Electro-static Detection Apparatus used for?
An electrostatic detection device (EDD) provide forensic examiners with a nondestructive method to examine indentations on a document. In this work, an EDD is used to detect latent physical markings left on documents by printers and photocopiers.
How does video spectral comparator work?
The Video Spectral Comparator (VSC) uses filters to vary the light bombarding the document. The document is viewed through a camera and computer monitor. As the wavelength of the light is varied, the picture changes.
What does ESDA stand for in forensic?
ESDA stands for Electrostatic Detection Apparatus. It is an instrument used for questioned document examination to reveal the indentations or impressions which may be present on paper. ESDA was manufactured by Foster and Freeman. It is a sensitive technique capable of detecting the indentations on paper.
What is the simplest method for revealing indented writing?
The use of light being held at oblique angles towards a document is one of the simpler methods of examining indented writing. In Vickers' case it was an effective method of identifying what she wrote.
Which technique can reveal indented writing?
Indented writing is normally recovered by one of two methods: either photographically using oblique (glancing) light or by use of an apparatus commonly referred to as ESDA, short for Electro-static Detection Apparatus.
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