What is the meaning of filamentous structure?
Having the form of threads or filaments; filamented. The fertilized egg-cell (oospore) forms a filamentous structure, the proernbryo, from a restricted basal portion of which one or more embryos develop, one only as a rule reaching maturity. D, Part of branched filamentous thallus of the multicellular Green Alga Oedocladium.
What is filamentous algae?
Filamentous algae are colonies of microscopic plants that link together to form threads or mesh-like filaments. These primitive plants normally grow on the surface of hard objects or other substrates under the water but they can break loose and form floating mats.
What are filamentous fungi?
Filamentous fungi are typically saprophytic microorganisms which secrete a wide array of enzymes involved in the decomposition and recycling of complex biopolymers from both plant and animal tissues.
What is the meaning of filiform?
Miller-Keane Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health, Seventh Edition. © 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 1. Threadlike in structure. Synonym (s): filiform (1) 2. Composed of filaments or threadlike structures. adjective Referring to, forming or consisting of filaments.
What is the meaning of filamentous?
: a single thread or a thin flexible threadlike object, process, or appendage especially : an elongated thin series of cells attached one to another or a very long thin cylindrical single cell (as of some algae, fungi, or bacteria) Other Words from filament. filamentous \ ˌfil-ə-ˈment-əs \ adjective.
What is a filamentous structure?
Filamentous structures have been found in cytoplasmic vacuoles in paragonial cells in males of these and other similar strains and their hybrids. These structures, which contain RNA, possess a helical substructure and resemble certain viruses.
What is filament example?
A filament is a very thin piece or thread of something, for example the piece of wire inside a light bulb. Synonyms: strand, string, wire, fibre More Synonyms of filament.
What is the meaning of filament in flower?
filament. [ fĭl′ə-mənt ] A fine or slender thread, wire, or fiber. The part of a stamen that supports the anther of a flower; the stalk of a stamen. See more at flower.
What is the function of the filaments?
The filament is a thin tubular part of the stamen, which extends and supports the pollen sac at the top. The function of filaments in plants is to carry nutrients to the anther, where the pollen develops.
What is a filamentous bacteria?
Filamentous micro-organisms are those whose cells are not separated following cell division and so tend to grow in the form of 'filaments'. Gordonia spp. are filamentous bacteria, known as Actinomycetes, which are extremely hydrophobic due to the presence of mycolic acids on their cell walls.
What are the three types of filaments?
Three major types of filaments make up the cytoskeleton: actin filaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments.
What is filament in human body?
Filaments are the structural proteins of the cell. There are three types of filaments: microtubules, microfilaments (known as actin filaments), and intermediate filaments. Together, these three types of filaments make up the cytoskeleton.
What is filament made of?
Filament of a bulb is made up of tungsten.
Where is the filament in a flower?
In most flowers, the filaments are easily seen and arise from the center of the flower. The filament serves a structural purpose to the reproduction of the plant by extending the anthers and making the pollen more accessible to pollinating animals, such as hummingbirds and honeybees.
What Colour is the filament flower?
yellowThese are generally yellow in color. Anthers are held up by a thread-like part called a filament. The pistil has three parts: stigma, style, and ovary. The stigma is the sticky surface at the top of the pistil; it traps and holds the pollen.
What is the middle of a flower called?
Pistil: The pistil is the central female organ of any flower. Located right in the center of the flower, it is comprised of the ovary, ovules, stigma and style.
What does filamentous mean in microbiology?
Filamentation is the abnormal growth of some bacteria in which cells do not separate but elongate and have multiple chromosomal copies. They grow in long thread-like strands.
What is a filamentous protein?
In biology, a protein filament is a long chain of protein monomers, such as those found in hair, muscle, or in flagella. Protein filaments form together to make the cytoskeleton of the cell. They are often bundled together to provide support, strength, and rigidity to the cell.
What is the example of filamentous algae?
Spirogyra and Ulothrix are examples of filamentous algae. Spirogyra is free-floating green algae that can be found in ponds, lakes, and other freshwater environments. The vegetative structure of these algae is filamentous and unbranched. Ulothrix is a filamentous green algae genus found in both fresh and salt water.
Does filamentous mean multicellular?
Filamentous bacteria can be viewed as a simple example of multicellular individuals.
What does "filament" mean?
adjective Referring to, forming or consisting of filaments.
Is actinomyces a fungus?
Actinomyces have traditionally been classified as bacteria although they have some homology to fungi.1,2 These filamentousgram positive bacteria produce multiple abscesses and sinus tracts often producing a yellowish discharge termed "sulfur granules".2 Actinomycosis can affect many organ systems.
How to use "filamentous" in a sentence?from dictionary.com
How to use filamentous in a sentence. The plumes in question consist of long filamentous feathers that grow from the neck of the egret and also from its breast. Ligniform asbestos, or mountain-wood, is a variety presenting an irregular filamentous structure, like wood. The New Gresham Encyclopedia.
What is a filament?from thefreedictionary.com
fil·a·ment. (fĭl′ə-mənt) n. 1. A fine or very thin thread or fiber: filaments of cloth; filaments of flax. 2. A slender or threadlike structure or part, especially: a. A fine wire that is heated electrically to produce light in an incandescent lamp.
What does "refraction strong" mean?from dictionary.com
Refraction Strong: Outline and surface of relief strongly defined; dense, not filamentous colonies.
What is a mycelioid?from dictionary.com
Mycelioid: A filamentous colony, with the radiate character of a mould (Fig. 141, c).
What is a long thin cellular structure characteristic of many fungi, usually having multiple nuclei and often?from thefreedictionary.com
A long thin cellular structure characteristic of many fungi, usually having multiple nuclei and often divided by septa. e. Any of various long thin celestial objects or phenomena, such as a solar filament.
Is actinomyces a fungus?from medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com
Actinomyces have traditionally been classified as bacteria although they have some homology to fungi.1,2 These filamentousgram positive bacteria produce multiple abscesses and sinus tracts often producing a yellowish discharge termed "sulfur granules".2 Actinomycosis can affect many organ systems.
How to use "filamentous" in a sentence?from dictionary.com
How to use filamentous in a sentence. The plumes in question consist of long filamentous feathers that grow from the neck of the egret and also from its breast. Ligniform asbestos, or mountain-wood, is a variety presenting an irregular filamentous structure, like wood. The New Gresham Encyclopedia.
What is a filament?from thefreedictionary.com
fil·a·ment. (fĭl′ə-mənt) n. 1. A fine or very thin thread or fiber: filaments of cloth; filaments of flax. 2. A slender or threadlike structure or part, especially: a. A fine wire that is heated electrically to produce light in an incandescent lamp.
What does "refraction strong" mean?from dictionary.com
Refraction Strong: Outline and surface of relief strongly defined; dense, not filamentous colonies.
What is a mycelioid?from dictionary.com
Mycelioid: A filamentous colony, with the radiate character of a mould (Fig. 141, c).
What is a long thin cellular structure characteristic of many fungi, usually having multiple nuclei and often?from thefreedictionary.com
A long thin cellular structure characteristic of many fungi, usually having multiple nuclei and often divided by septa. e. Any of various long thin celestial objects or phenomena, such as a solar filament.
Is actinomyces a fungus?from medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com
Actinomyces have traditionally been classified as bacteria although they have some homology to fungi.1,2 These filamentousgram positive bacteria produce multiple abscesses and sinus tracts often producing a yellowish discharge termed "sulfur granules".2 Actinomycosis can affect many organ systems.
What does "filament" mean?
Having the form of threads or filaments; filamented.
What is the name of the structure that forms when an egg is fertilized?
The fertilized egg-cell (oospore) forms a filamentous structure, the proernbryo, from a restricted basal portion of which one or more embryos develop, one only as a rule reaching maturity.
What is the shape of a leaf that is submerged?
Submerged leaves are usually filamentous or narrowly ribbonshaped, thus exposing a large amount of surface to the water, some of the dissolved gases of which they must absorb, and into which they must also excrete certain gases.
What is filamentous fungus?
Filamentous fungi refer to those that grow as multicellular colonies (mushrooms and molds).
Is "filamentous" an adjective?
Familiarity information: FILAMENTOUS used as an adjective is very rare.
When to treat filamentous algae?from extension.psu.edu
It is best to treat filamentous algae early in the summer when they first appear on the pond bottom and before they form large floating mats. This will reduce the amount of plant material that must be killed and, thus, reduce the chance of a fish kill due to low dissolved oxygen from decaying algae.
How to control filamentous algae in pond?from extension.psu.edu
Mechanical control of filamentous algae usually involves netting or raking the algae mats from the pond surface. If this method is used, it is important to dispose of the algae mats away from the pond edge to prevent nutrients from reentering the pond as the algae decays. While this method is labor intensive and time consuming, it can be very effective on small ponds. It is also advantageous because it results in a removal of nutrients from the pond, which may help to prevent future algae growth. Mechanical removal may also be used in combination with biological and chemical approaches to maximize success.
What is the difference between Cladophora and Pithophora?from mdc.mo.gov
Cladophora feels cottony and can form balls that float when the core decays; magnification reveals long, slender cells and a branching habit. Pithophora is sometimes called “horsehair algae” because of its coarse texture, which can feel like steel wool.
Is spirogyra a filamentous algae?from mdc.mo.gov
Spirogyra is bright green and slimy; magnification reveals the chlorophyll-bearing pigments are shaped as spirals; the filaments do not branch. Note: Not all types of green algae are filamentous; they occur in an great variety of forms, including single cells and colonies.
What is a filamentous fungus?
Filamentous fungi are typically saprophytic microorganisms which secrete a wide array of enzymes involved in the decomposition and recycling of complex biopolymers from both plant and animal tissues. From: Bioprocessing for Value-Added Products from Renewable Resources, 2007.
Why are filamentous fungi important?
Filamentous fungi are critical to production of many commercial enzymes and organic compounds. Fungal-based systems have several advantages over bacterial-based systems for protein production because high-level secretion of enzymes is a common trait of their decomposer lifestyle. Furthermore, in the large-scale production of recombinant proteins of eukaryotic origin, the filamentous fungi become the vehicle of choice due to critical processes shared in gene expression with other eukaryotic organisms. The complexity and relative dearth of understanding of the physiology of filamentous fungi, compared to bacteria, have hindered rapid development of these organisms as highly efficient factories for the production of heterologous proteins. In this review, we highlight several of the known benefits and challenges in using filamentous fungi (particularly Aspergillus spp., Trichoderma reesei, and Neurospora crassa) for the production of proteins, especially heterologous, nonfungal enzymes. We review various techniques commonly employed in recombinant protein production in the filamentous fungi, including transformation methods, selection of gene regulatory elements such as promoters, protein secretion factors such as the signal peptide, and optimization of coding sequence. We provide insights into current models of host genomic defenses such as repeat-induced point mutation and quelling. Furthermore, we examine the regulatory effects of transcript sequences, including introns and untranslated regions, pre-mRNA (messenger RNA) processing, transcript transport, and mRNA stability. We anticipate that this review will become a resource for researchers who aim at advancing the use of these fascinating organisms as protein production factories, for both academic and industrial purposes, and also for scientists with general interest in the biology of the filamentous fungi.
What are the drawbacks of filamentous fungi?
cerevisiae – the oxygen requirement for growth, in addition to the low rate of ethanol production and the production byproducts, such as glycerol and organic acids.
What is the maturation phase of a fungal cell?
The maturation phase then occurs, which includes the formation of fruiting bodies, conidiophores, sporogenous cells, sclerotia, and other survival structures. Aerial growth is often a crucial feature of fungal fruiting and dispersal ( Harding et al., 2009 ).
What are the characteristics of fungi?
Fungi, as eukaryotic organisms, have peculiar characteristics such as nutrition by heterotrophic absorption, development of reproductive and vegetative structures (i.e., spores and hyphae), and sexual and asexual reproduction ( Siqueira and Lima, 2013 ).
Do fungi have more than one planktonic form?
As stated above, fungi have more than one planktonic form involved in the dissemination phase of biofilm formation . The production of these dispersive forms occurs in response to specific environmental cues, biological stimuli, or stresses, for example, hydrodynamic conditions.
Do filamentous fungi have a secretory system?
Filamentous fungi have a high-capacity secretory system and are therefore widely exploited for the industrial production of native and heterologous proteins. However, in most cases, the yields of nonfungal proteins are significantly lower than those obtained for fungal proteins. One well-studied bottleneck appears to be the result of slow or aberrant folding of heterologous proteins in the ER during the early stages of secretion within the endoplasmic reticulum, leading to stress responses in the host, including the unfolded protein response (UPR). Most of the key elements constituting the signal transduction pathway of the UPR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been identified in filamentous fungi, including the central activation mechanism of the pathway, that is, the stress-induced splicing of an unconventional (nonspliceosomal) intron in orthologs of the HAC1 mRNA. This splicing event relieves a translational block in the HAC1 mRNA, allowing for the translation of the bZIP transcription factor Hac1p that regulates the expression of UPR target genes. The UPR is involved in regulating the folding, yield, and delivery of secretory proteins and that has consequences for fungal lifestyles, including virulence and biotechnology. The recent releases of genome sequences of several species of filamentous fungi and the availability of DNA arrays, GeneChips, and deep sequencing methodologies have provided an unprecedented resource for exploring expression profiles in response to secretion stresses. Furthermore, genome-wide investigation of translation profiles through polysome analyses is possible, and here, we outline methods for the use of such techniques with filamentous fungi and, principally, Aspergillus niger. We also describe methods for the batch and controlled cultivation of A. niger and for the replacement and study of its hacA gene, which provides either a UPR-deficient strain or a constitutively activated UPR strain for comparative analysis with its wild type. Although we focus on A. niger, the utility of the hacA -deletion strategy is also described for use in investigating the virulence of the plant pathogen Alternaria brassicicola.
