Full Answer
What makes a good logic model?
- Measures (or Indicators) for outputs, outcomes, and impacts are concrete, usually quantitative data points that shed light on the degree to which each result has been achieved.
- Inputs are resources available to the program or organization in accomplishing its goals.
- Assumptions are preconditions upon which the model rests. ...
What are logic models, and when should you use them?
Logic models are a good tool to help focus an evaluation to determine what to measure and what areas of your program might be most in need of evaluation. You can develop a logic model which depicts how an entire program operates (i.e. global) or focuses more closely on a component or specific activity (i.e. nested). Example of Logic Model
What does a logic model look like?
What Does a Logic Model Look Like? •Graphic display of boxes and arrows; vertical or horizontal –Relationships, linkages •Any shape possible –Circular, dynamic –Cultural adaptations; storyboards •Level of detail • simple •complex •Multiple models
What are the types of logic models?
Various types of logic models
- The Inputs → Activities → Outputs → Outcomes template. Many refinements and variations have been added to the basic template. ...
- Intervention mapping logic models. Logic Model of the Problem for Management information Decision Support Epilepsy Tool (MINDSET program) from Ruiter, DeSmet and Schneider (2007).
- Progressive Outcomes Scale (POS) logic models. ...
What is meant by logic model?
A logic model is a graphic depiction (road map) that presents the shared relationships among the resources, activities, outputs, outcomes, and impact for your program.
What are examples of logic models?
A logic model has the following components: Inputs: Resources dedicated to or used by your program. Examples include: funding, staff and staff time, volunteer and volunteer time, facilities, supplies, and equipment.
What is the aim of logic model?
What is a logic model? Logic models can assist you in program evaluation by providing a picture of how your program is intended to work. It identifies your programs main components and how they should relate to one another. Logic models include process and outcome components.
What are the 5 main components of the logic model?
While a basic logic model should include the five basic components of participants, inputs, activities, outputs, and outcomes, similarities end there. You may choose from many different formats, some complex and some simple.
Why is logical model important?
Benefits of developing and using logic models are: The model helps communicate the program to people outside the program in a concise and compelling way. The model helps program staff gain a common understanding of how the program works and their responsibilities to make it work.
Who uses a logic model?
Planners, program managers, trainers, evaluators, advocates and other stakeholders can use a logic model in several ways throughout an initiative. One model may serve more than one purpose, or it may be necessary to create different versions tailored for different aims.
How do you make a logic model?
StepsStep 1: Identify the Problem. ... Step 2: Determine the Key Program Inputs. ... Step 3: Determine Key Program Outputs. ... Step 4: Identify Program Outcomes. ... Step 5: Create a Logic Model Outline. ... Step 6: Identify External Influencing Factors. ... Step 7: Identify Program Indicators.
What are the 4 principles of logic?
According to D.Q. McInerny, in her book Being Logical, there are four principles of logic. This includes, the principle of individuality, the precept of the excluded middle, the principle of sufficient understanding, and the principle of contradiction.
What are the activities in a logic model?
Activities are the processes, tools, events, and actions that are used to bring about a program's intended changes or results. Outputs are the direct products of a program's activities and may include types, levels and targets of services to be delivered by the program. Forward logic uses “if-then” statements.
How do you read a logic model?
Reading a Logic Model A logic model is read from left to right. As you read through the chain of reasoning (the “if…then” statements) the connection amongst program resources, activities, outputs, outcomes, and impact should become apparent.
What are the basics of logic?
1) If the conclusion of an argument is true, then it must be sound. 2) If all the premises of an argument are true, then it must be valid. 3) An argument is valid when and only when its premises are true and its conclusion is true. 4) A sound argument is both valid and has all true premises.
What are the 4 types of logic?
The four main types of logic are:Informal logic: Uses deductive and inductive reasoning to make arguments.Formal logic: Uses syllogisms to make inferences.Symbolic logic: Uses symbols to accurately map out valid and invalid arguments.Mathematical logic Uses mathematical symbols to prove theoretical arguments.
What are the 4 components of the logic model?
Included in most logic models are four components: resources, activities, outputs, and outcomes. Resources are the raw materials needed to create the program, implement its activities, and attain the desired outputs and outcomes.
What is an example of a logic statement?
Anything that lets us infer a new fact about something mathematical from given information is a logical statement. For example, “The diagonals of a rectangle have the same length” is a logical statement. The hypothesis is the part that can help us if we know it's true.
What are the three types of logic?
Three Types and Traditions of Logic: Syllogistic, Calculus and Predicate Logic.
What is logic model?
Logic Model. A logic model illustrates the association between your program’s resources, activities, and intended outcomes. Logic models can: Focus on a specific aspect of your TB program, such as a single evaluation question or objective, or encompass the entire program.
Why are logic models useful?
Logic models are useful tools for program planning and evaluation because they: Guide staff in thinking about and evaluating their program. Identify assumptions and potential challenges. Assist in identifying intended programmatic outcomes. Organize, connect, and identify gaps in evaluation efforts.
What are the components of a logic model?
Logic Model Component Definitions 1 Inputs are the resources (dollars, staffing, and materials) that go into a program or intervention — what we invest. 2 Activities are events undertaken by the program or partners to produce desired outcomes — what we do. 3 Outputs are the direct, tangible results of activities — what we get. 4 Outcomes are the desired results of the program — what we achieve .#N#Short-term outcomes are the immediate effects of the program or intervention activities.#N#Intermediate outcomes are the intended effects that occur over the midterm of the project period.#N#Long-term outcomes refer to the desired program results.
What is logic model?
Logic models are hypothesized descriptions of the chain of causes and effects leading to an outcome of interest (e.g. prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, annual traffic collision, etc). While they can be in a narrative form, logic model usually take form in a graphical depiction of the "if-then" ...
How does a program logic model work?
By making clear the intended outcomes and the causal pathways leading to them, a program logic model provides the basis upon which planners and evaluators can develop a measurement plan and adequate instruments. Instead of only looking at the outcome progress, planners can open the "black box" and examine if the intermediate outcomes progress as planned. In addition, the pathways of numerous outcomes are still largely misunderstood due their complexity, their unpredictability and lack of scientific / practical evidences. Therefore, with proper research design, one may not only assess the progress of intermediate outcomes, but evaluate as well if the program theory of change is accurate, i.e. is successful change of an intermediate outcomes provokes the hypothesized subsequent effects in the causal pathway. Finally, outcomes may easily be achieved through processes independent of the program and an evaluation of those outcomes would suggest program success when in fact external outputs were responsible for the outcomes.
Why is it important to describe work in a logic model?
One of the key insights of the logic model is the importance of measuring final outcomes or results, because it is quite possible to waste time and money (inputs), "spin the wheels" on work activities, or produce outputs without achieving desired outcomes. It is these outcomes (impacts, long-term results) that are the only justification for doing the work in the first place. For commercial organizations, outcomes relate to profit. For not-for-profit or governmental organizations, outcomes relate to successful achievement of mission or program goals.
What is the logic model of intervention?
This model describes the various activities that will happen and the cascades of effects they are expected to cause toward the desired outcome.
Why is logic important?
It is suggested to use the logic model to focus on the intended outcomes of a particular program.
Who developed the Progressive Outcomes Scale?
The Progressive Outcomes Scale (POS) approach was developed in 2020 by Quisha Brown in response to the racial wealth gap [exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic] to aid organizations in the immediate need to add a racial equity focus when developing program logic models.
Is program logic a representation of a complex system?
Program logic is no guarantee of actual logic in how the program may work. The world is complex, and some situations cannot be ascertained before they are implemented, so some programs may even progress against the "logic" of the model. It is a partial representation of a complex system.
What Does Logic Model Mean?
A logic model is a graphical depiction of processes used to communicate and describe a program's underlying theory, assumptions or reasoning related to specific and expected activity results or solutions. A logic model is graphically depicted through a narrative, diagram, flow sheet or other similar schema that illustrates a program's process and contextual relationships.
Why is logic model important?
A logic model is useful because it describes an initiative's importance and potential results while projecting the actions required to to achieve a desired goal. In addition, it is the key factor used to determine whether or not planned actions will lead to desired results and outcomes.
Overview
Logic models are hypothesized descriptions of the chain of causes and effects leading to an outcome of interest (e.g. prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, annual traffic collision, etc). While they can be in a narrative form, logic model usually take form in a graphical depiction of the "if-then" (causal) relationships between the various elements leading to the outcome. However, the logic mod…
History of logic models
Citing Funnell and Rogers's account (2011), Joy A. Frechtling's (2015) encyclopedia article traces logic model underpinnings to the 1950s. Patricia J. Rogers's (2005) encyclopedia article instead traces it back to Edward A. Suchman's (1967) book about evaluative research. Both encyclopedia articles and LeCroy (2018) mention increasing interest, usage and publications about the subject.
Uses of the logic model
One of the most important uses of the logic model is for program planning. It is suggested to use the logic model to focus on the intended outcomes of a particular program. The guiding questions change from "what is being done?" to "what needs to be done"? McCawley suggests that by using this new reasoning, a logic model for a program can be built by asking the following questions in sequence:
Various types of logic models
Many authors and guides use the following template when speaking about logic model:
Many refinements and variations have been added to the basic template. For example, many versions of logic models set out a series of outcomes/impacts, explaining in more detail the logic of how an intervention contributes to intend…
Advantages
By describing work in this way, managers have an easier way to define the work and measure it. Performance measures can be drawn from any of the steps. One of the key insights of the logic model is the importance of measuring final outcomes or results, because it is quite possible to waste time and money (inputs), "spin the wheels" on work activities, or produce outputs without achieving desired outcomes. It is these outcomes (impacts, long-term results) that are the only j…
Disadvantages
There are some potential disadvantages of logic models due to tendencies toward oversimplification. These include:
1. Program logic is no guarantee of actual logic in how the program may work. The world is complex, and some situations cannot be ascertained before they are implemented, so some programs may even progress against the "logic" of the model.
See also
• Theory of change
• Backcasting
• Critical theory
• Scenario planning
• Thought experiment
Further reading
• Hernandez M, Hodges S (July 2003). "Crafting logic models for systems of care: Ideas into action.". National Evaluation of the Comprehensive Community Mental Health Services and their Families Program.
• Alter C, Murty S (1997). "Logic modeling: A tool for teaching practice evaluation". Journal of Social Work Education. 33 (1): 103–117. doi:10.1080/10437797.1997.10778856.