What does the word sonar stand for?
SONAR: Sound Navigation and Ranging SONAR stands for Sound Navigation and Ranging. It is a technique based on sound propagation. It is used to navigate, communicate or detect objects under or on the surface of the water using sound propagation.
What does the sonar stand for?
Sonar stands for sound navigation and ranging. It is used to locate underwater objects such as submarines. Ultrasonography is the use of reflected ultrasound waves to “see” inside the body. Click to see full answer. Regarding this, what is the full meaning of sonar? SONAR: Sound Navigation and Ranging SONAR stands for Sound Navigation and Ranging.
What is to the acronyms radar and sonar stand for?
RADAR stands for RAdio Detection and Ranging, and SONAR stands for SOund Navigation And Ranging. Both detection systems use the method for detection of the reflection of a transmitted signal. The type of the signal used in the system makes all the difference; RADAR uses radio waves, which are electromagnetic waves and SONAR uses acoustic or ...
What is the plural of sonar?
sonar m (plural sonares) sonar (a device that uses hydrophones to locate objects underwater) Alternative forms . sónar; Further reading “sonar” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.
Is sonar a word or acronym?
From SONAR, acronym of sound navigation and ranging.
What is the full name of Sonar?
sound navigation and rangingSonar / Full nameThe full form of SONAR is Sound Navigation and Ranging. It is a technique involving the use of propagation of sound for navigation, also can be used for distant object detection and interaction with other objects.
What does sonar stand for in business?
SONAR. Symantec Online Network for Advanced Response.
What is the use of sonar?
sonar, (from “sound navigation ranging”), technique for detecting and determining the distance and direction of underwater objects by acoustic means. Sound waves emitted by or reflected from the object are detected by sonar apparatus and analyzed for the information they contain.
Who invented sonar?
Reginald Fessenden and the Invention of Sonar.
What are the two types of sonar?
There are two types of sonar: active and passive.
What is Active sonar?
In active sonar systems an acoustic projector generates a sound wave that spreads outward and is reflected back by a target object. A receiver picks up and analyzes the reflected signal and may determine the range, bearing, and relative motion of the target.
What is passive sonar?
Passive sonar is a sound-receiving system that uses receivers to “listen” for. sound waves generated by man-made or biological sources. Passive sonar does not put any sound energy in the water. Passive sonar can indicate the presence, character, and movement of a submarine if the submarine is loud.
What is another name for sonar?
In this page you can discover 11 synonyms, antonyms, idiomatic expressions, and related words for sonar, like: doppler effect lidar radar, radar, hydrophone, minehunting, sidescan, , multibeam, upward looking, Kollektiv, echo-sounder and asdic.
What is sonar class 9th?
Sonar stands for Sound Navigation And Ranging. It is a device which is used to find distance, direction and speed of underwater objects like, water hills, valleys, icebergs, submarines, sunken ships etc.
What do we say sonar in English?
sonar in American English (ˈsounɑːr) noun. 1. a method for detecting and locating objects submerged in water by echolocation.
What is the full form of sonar and radar?
SONAR stands for Sound Navigation and Ranging, and RADAR stands for Radio Detection and Ranging.
What is sonar in marine science?
Sonar (sound navigation and ranging) has extensive marine applications. By sending out pulses of sound or ultrasound and measuring the time required for the pulses to reflect off a distant object and return to the source, the location of that object can be ascertained and…
What is sonar used for?
The uses of sonar are now many. In the military field are a large number of systems that detect, identify, and locate submarines. Sonar is also used in acoustic homing torpedoes, in acoustic mines, and in mine detection.
What is the third category of sonar?
The third category of sonar devices is acoustic communication systems, which require a projector and receiver at both ends of the acoustic path. Sonar was first proposed as a means of detecting icebergs. Interest in sonar was heightened by the threat posed by submarine warfare in World War I.
What are non-military uses of sonar?
Nonmilitary uses of sonar include fish finding, depth sounding, mapping of the sea bottom, Doppler navigation, and acoustic locating for divers. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Subscribe Now.
What is ultrasonics in marine applications?
ultrasonics: Ranging and navigating. Sonar (sound navigation and ranging) has extensive marine applications. By sending out pulses of sound or ultrasound and... Sonar systems may be divided into three categories.
What is sonar in navigation?
Sonar ( sound navigation and ranging) is a technique that uses sound propagation (usually underwater, as in submarine navigation) to navigate, communicate with or detect objects on or under the surface of the water, such as other vessels. Two types of technology share the name "sonar": passive sonar is essentially listening for ...
What is sonar used for?
Sonar may be used as a means of acoustic location and of measurement of the echo characteristics of "targets" in the water. Acoustic location in air was used before the introduction of radar. Sonar may also be used for robot navigation, and SODAR (an upward-looking in-air sonar) is used for atmospheric investigations.
What type of sonar was used in the 93?
The Type 93 sonars were later replaced with Type 3, which followed German design and used magnetostrictive projectors; the projectors consisted of two rectangular identical independent units in a cast iron rectangular body about 16 by 9 inches (410 mm × 230 mm).
How does sonar scatter?
When active sonar is used, scattering occurs from small objects in the sea as well as from the bottom and surface. This can be a major source of interference. This acoustic scattering is analogous to the scattering of the light from a car's headlights in fog: a high-intensity pencil beam will penetrate the fog to some extent, but broader-beam headlights emit much light in unwanted directions, much of which is scattered back to the observer, overwhelming that reflected from the target ("white-out"). For analogous reasons active sonar needs to transmit in a narrow beam to minimize scattering.
Why is long range sonar low frequency?
Long-range sonar uses low frequencies to minimise absorption effects. The sea contains many sources of noise that interfere with the desired target echo or signature. The main noise sources are waves and shipping. The motion of the receiver through the water can also cause speed-dependent low frequency noise.
How does passive sonar work?
Passive sonar has a wide variety of techniques for identifying the source of a detected sound. For example, U.S. vessels usually operate 60 Hz alternating current power systems. If transformers or generators are mounted without proper vibration insulation from the hull or become flooded, the 60 Hz sound from the windings can be emitted from the submarine or ship. This can help to identify its nationality, as all European submarines and nearly every other nation's submarine have 50 Hz power systems. Intermittent sound sources (such as a wrench being dropped), called "transients," may also be detectable to passive sonar. Until fairly recently, an experienced, trained operator identified signals, but now computers may do this.
Why is passive sonar limited?
Passive sonar on vehicles is usually severely limited because of noise generated by the vehicle. For this reason, many submarines operate nuclear reactors that can be cooled without pumps, using silent convection, or fuel cells or batteries, which can also run silently.
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Overview
Sonar (sound navigation and ranging) is a technique that uses sound propagation (usually underwater, as in submarine navigation) to navigate, measure distances (ranging), communicate with or detect objects on or under the surface of the water, such as other vessels. Two types of technology share the name "sonar": passive sonar is essentially listening for the sound made by vessels; active sonar is emitting pulses of sounds and listening for echoes. Sonar may be used …
History
Although some animals (dolphins, bats, some shrews, and others) have used sound for communication and object detection for millions of years, use by humans in the water is initially recorded by Leonardo da Vinci in 1490: a tube inserted into the water was said to be used to detect vessels by placing an ear to the tube.
In the late 19th century an underwater bell was used as an ancillary to lighthouses or lightships to p…
Active sonar
Active sonar uses a sound transmitter (or projector) and a receiver. When the two are in the same place it is monostatic operation. When the transmitter and receiver are separated it is bistatic operation. When more transmitters (or more receivers) are used, again spatially separated, it is multistatic operation. Most sonars are used monostatically with the same array often being used for transmission and reception. Active sonobuoy fields may be operated multistatically.
Passive sonar
Passive sonar listens without transmitting. It is often employed in military settings, although it is also used in science applications, e.g., detecting fish for presence/absence studies in various aquatic environments – see also passive acoustics and passive radar. In the very broadest usage, this term can encompass virtually any analytical technique involving remotely generated sound, though it is usually restricted to techniques applied in an aquatic environment.
Performance factors
The detection, classification and localisation performance of a sonar depends on the environment and the receiving equipment, as well as the transmitting equipment in an active sonar or the target radiated noise in a passive sonar.
Sonar operation is affected by variations in sound speed, particularly in the vertical plane. Sound travels more slowly in fresh water than in sea water, though the difference is small. The speed is …
Military applications
Modern naval warfare makes extensive use of both passive and active sonar from water-borne vessels, aircraft and fixed installations. Although active sonar was used by surface craft in World War II, submarines avoided the use of active sonar due to the potential for revealing their presence and position to enemy forces. However, the advent of modern signal-processing enabled the use of passive sonar as a primary means for search and detection operations. In 19…
Civilian applications
Fishing is an important industry that is seeing growing demand, but world catch tonnage is falling as a result of serious resource problems. The industry faces a future of continuing worldwide consolidation until a point of sustainability can be reached. However, the consolidation of the fishing fleets are driving increased demands for sophisticated fish finding electronics such as sensors, sounders and sonars. Historically, fishermen have used many different techniques to fi…
Scientific applications
Detection of fish, and other marine and aquatic life, and estimation their individual sizes or total biomass using active sonar techniques. As the sound pulse travels through water it encounters objects that are of different density or acoustic characteristics than the surrounding medium, such as fish, that reflect sound back toward the sound source. These echoes provide information on fish size, location, abundance and behavior. Data is usually processed and analysed using a var…