What is the palatoglossus muscle?
One of the muscles that plays an important role in swallowing is the palatoglossus muscle. The palatoglossus muscle is one of four extrinsic muscles of the tongue, which means this muscle originates outside of the tongue and then inserts onto the tongue in order to help it move. The palatoglossus is an extrinsic muscle of the tongue.
What does the styloglossus muscle do?
By contracting, the styloglossus muscle retrudes/retracts the tongue and elevates its lateral aspects. The palatoglossus is a bow-shaped muscle associated both with the tongue and the soft palate.
What is the palatoglossal arch?
The palatoglossal arch are ridges in the soft palate that separate oral cavity and the oropharynx. The palatoglossus is an extrinsic muscle of the tongue, and it plays an important role in eating and swallowing.
What is the function of the genioglossus?
The primary function of the genioglossus muscle is to protrude the tongue anteriorly and deviate the tongue to the opposite side. Is Palatoglossal arch same as Palatoglossal fold?
What does the Palatoglossus innervation?
The palatoglossus or palatoglossal muscle is a muscle of the soft palate and extrinsic muscle of the tongue....Palatoglossus muscleNerveVagus nerve (via pharyngeal branch to pharyngeal plexus)ActionsRaising the back part of the tongueIdentifiers10 more rows
What does the Palatopharyngeus do?
It attaches superiorly to the hard palate and palatine aponeurosis and inferiorly to the lateral wall of the pharynx. Its function is to tense the soft palate and pull the pharyngeal walls superiorly, anteriorly, and medially during swallowing, effectively closing off the nasopharynx from the oropharynx.
What is the Palatoglossus connected to?
Palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches The palatoglossal arch is located anteriorly. It contains the palatoglossus muscle and connects the soft palate with the root of the tongue.
What is the point of origin of the palatoglossus muscle?
The palatoglossus muscle is one of four extrinsic muscles of the tongue. This muscle originates from the palatine aponeurosis, which is a fibrous sheet located at the back roof the mouth, an area know as the soft palate. From this location, the palatoglossus muscle then extends down and connects to the tongue.
What nerve Innervates the Palatoglossus muscle?
The palatoglossus is the only tongue muscle supplied by the vagus nerve; the remaining muscles are supplied by cranial nerve XII. The palatoglossus muscle originates in the soft palate and passes through the tongue in a transverse fashion.
What muscles are responsible for depressing the velum?
Depression of the soft palate is achieved through the contraction of the palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus muscles. These muscles form the body of the faucal pillars from which the uvula hangs and were observed during the dissection of the tongue.
Which muscle is used for sticking out the tongue?
The primary function of the genioglossus muscle is to protrude the tongue anteriorly and deviate the tongue to the opposite side.
Where is the palatoglossal arch?
The palatoglossal arch curves downward and forward from the soft palate to the tongue and forms the lateral part of the isthmus faucium with the palatopharyngeal arch.
What muscles move the tongue?
The pair of styloglossus muscles work together on each side to retract the tongue. The styloglossus muscle is innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII). The hyoglossus muscle depresses and retracts the tongue and is innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII).
What muscles pull tongue back and down?
The extrinsic muscles of the tongue Genioglossus: arises from mandibular symphysis and inserts into the body of the hyoid/full length of tongue. It protrudes, depresses, and draws the tip of the tongue back and down. Innervation is from CNXII.
Which muscle of the tongue moves the tongue tip up?
The mylohyoid muscle, which is responsible for raising the body of the tongue in high vowels and velar consonants. The hyoglossus, which pulls it downwards (and slightly backwards). The styloglossus, which pulls the tongue upwards and backwards.
What's behind soft palate?
The soft palate sits at the back of the mouth, behind the hard palate, which holds the teeth and gums. The soft palate does not contain any bone but is a fleshy area that ends in the uvula. The uvula is the fleshy projection that hangs down from the soft palate and is visible when a person opens their mouth.
What cranial nerve Innervates the palatopharyngeus?
Two major anatomical textbooks mention that both palatopharyngeus muscle (PP) and the levator veli palatini muscle (LVP) are innervated by the cranial part of the accessory nerve (CN XI) via the pharyngeal plexus and the tensor veli palatini muscle (TVP) is innervated by the mandibular nerve [7, 8].
What is palatopharyngeus innervated by?
Palatopharyngeus muscle is innervated by branches of pharyngeal plexus, which in turn receives input from the vagus nerve (CN X).
What is behind the palatopharyngeal arch?
The red bumps with white little things on them at the back of the throat (behind the palatopharyngeal arch) are called lymphoid granules. These are lymphoid tissues that are normally present. However, in you, they seem to be slightly enlarged.
Where is Stylopharyngeus located?
The stylopharyngeus muscle is in the head and neck region, and one of the inner longitudinal muscles of the pharynx.
What is the palatoglossus muscle?
The palatoglossus muscle is beneath the glossopalatine arch (labeled at upper right) The palatoglossus, glossopalatinus, or palatoglossal muscle is a small fleshy fasciculus, narrower in the middle than at either end, forming, with the mucous membrane covering its surface, ...
Which muscle is not innervated by the hypoglossal nerve?
Palatoglossus is the only muscle of the tongue that is not innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII). It is innervated by the pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve (CN X).
Where are incisions made in the soft palate?
Incisions are made on the margins of the cleft of the soft palate, slightly favoring the nasal side. To obtain the best exposure of the levator muscle, which is retracted toward the nasal side, a small triangle of mucosa is excised from the nasal surface of the divided velum on both sides.
Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the oropharynx, tonsils, and tongue base?
Innervation is from cranial nerve V. The glossopharyngeal nerve provides sensory innervation to the oropharynx, tonsils, and tongue base.
Which muscle is the tonsillar pillar?
The tonsillar pillar anteriorly (the palatoglossal muscle) and posteriorly (the palatopharyngeal muscle) and the glossopalatini sulcus inferiorly form a triangular space that encases the tonsillar lymphoid tissue (Fig. 35.2).
Can a residual hard palate cleft be closed?
At this time, the residual hard palate cleft can be closed, very often without the use of lateral palatal incisions ( Fig. 88-7). Again, no vomer flap is used because the nasal side of the cleft is closed using nasal mucosa situated below the inferior border of the vomer.
What is the role of the palatoglossus muscle in sleep apnea?
Simultaneously, the palatoglossus muscle also moves the soft palate in the anterior direction and help in increasing the retropalatal space. [9]
What is the role of glossectomy?
Role in Glossectomy:During a surgical procedure for resecting tongue tumor, the area of resection is governed by the extent of tumor spread. The procedure of glossectomy can be divided into various categories based on the area of resection. Type IIIb glossectomy, also known as compartmental hemiglossectomy, includes the mucosa, submucosa, intrinsic muscles (transversalis, verticalis, inferior longitudinalis, and superior longitudinalis) and extrinsic muscles (genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus and the inferior portion of the palatoglossus muscle) on the ipsilateral side of the lesion. [7]
What muscles separate the oral cavity and the oropharynx?
The palatoglossus muscle, also known as musculus palatoglossus, is among the four extrinsic muscles of the tongue and the paired muscles of the soft palate. The right and left palatoglossus muscles create ridges in the lateral pharyngeal wall, referred to as the palatoglossal arches (anterior faucial pillars). These pillars separate the oral cavity and the oropharynx — the muscle functions as an antagonist to the levator veli palatini muscle.
What muscle is cut during zeta pharyngoplasty?
For this, the palatoglossus muscle is cut and then the posterior palatal mucosa is sewed to the anteriorly resected margin. [6]
What muscle is used to elevate the tongue?
Variation in the region of attachment of the palatoglossus muscle in the soft palate has been observed. In some individuals, this region is near the uvula. In such cases, the mechanical ability of the palatoglossus muscle in elevating the tongue may be limited due to the lack of a rigid anchoring point towards which the tongue elevates. However, this attachment is favorable to lower the soft palate. This action is based on a class II lever system where the load (the bulk of soft palate) is present between the fulcrum (the posterior rim of the hard palate) and the force applied (action of the palatoglossus muscle). In some individuals, the attachment area of the muscle is relatively large into the anterior portion of the velum. In such instances, a considerable increase in the ability of the muscle to elevate the tongue exists. However, this attachment is not favorable to lower the soft palate. This action is based on a class III lever system where the force applied lies between the load and the fulcrum. The primary mechanism in these individuals to approximate the tongue and soft palate during swallowing is tongue elevation rather than lowering of the soft palate. [1]
What muscle is the tongue?
Palatoglossus is the only tongue muscle derived from the fourth branchial arch. All the other muscles of the tongue derive from the occipital myotomes. This is the reason that all the other tongue muscles receive innervation from the twelfth cranial nerve (hypoglossal nerve) except the palatoglossus muscle, which is innervated by the tenth cranial nerve (vagus nerve).
Why does the lateral pharyngeal wall collapse?
This collapse may exist because, during the expiratory-inspiratory transition, there may be a delay in the relaxation of the constrictor muscles. The lateral pharyngoplasty is a technique developed to act on these pathophysiological aspects of apnea. By myotomy of the superior constrictor muscles and suturing of the lateral pedicle flaps to the palatoglossus muscle, the lateral pharyngeal wall is reconstructed. [5]
