Plantar interossei are small muscles of the foot whose function is to maintain the position of the toes in gait. Learn their anatomy now at Kenhub!
What are the functions of the dorsal and plantar interossei of the foot?
Dorsal interossei muscles of the footOriginOpposing sides of metatarsal bones 1-5ActionMetatarsophalangeal joints 2-4: toe flexion, toe abduction; Interphalangeal joints 2-4: toe extensionInnervationLateral plantar nerve (S2-S3)Blood supplyArcuate artery, dorsal and plantar metatarsal arteries1 more row
What action does the dorsal interossei do?
The dorsal interosseous muscles are a group of paired intrinsic muscles of the hand located between the metacarpals. They consist of four dorsal muscles that abduct the fingers. The dorsal interossei additionally assist in flexion of the metacarpophalangeal joints and extension of the interphalangeal joints.
What is the main action of the palmar interossei?
The main function of palmar interossei is to adduct the fingers in a longitudinal axis, which means the movement of the fingers towards the middle finger. Specifically, the 1st palmar interosseous pulls the index finger medially, whereas the 2nd and 3rd pull the ring and little fingers laterally.
How many muscles does the plantar interossei have?
three plantar interosseiThe plantar interosseous muscles are part of the fourth and deepest layer of muscles in the sole of the foot. There are three plantar interossei and they are smaller than the dorsal interossei.
What is Interossei of the foot?
The interosseous muscles of the foot are muscles found near the metatarsal bones that help to control the toes. They are considered voluntary muscles. Dorsal: Adjacent sides of 1st through 5th metatarsals. Plantar: Bases and medial sides of 3rd through 5th metatarsals.
What is the difference between lumbricals and interossei?
2:267:31Anatomy of the Upper Limb: Interossei and Lumbricals - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipSide you have a dorsal interosseous on both sides of the middle finger a seat here and then you haveMoreSide you have a dorsal interosseous on both sides of the middle finger a seat here and then you have one dorsal interossei that attaches onto the base of the ring finger. And.
What is the difference between palmar and dorsal interossei?
The palmar interosseous muscles adduct the fingers towards the middle finger. This is in contrast to the dorsal interossei, which abduct the fingers away from the middle finger.
How do you test for palmar interossei?
0:056:58Manual Muscle Test & Lengthening - Palmar Interossei & Dorsal ...YouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipWe're really only going to be testing the flexion component. But we will position her finger into aMoreWe're really only going to be testing the flexion component. But we will position her finger into a little bit of flexion. And ask her to hold it straight as we go through these actions.
What muscles extend the fingers?
The major extrinsic muscle which extends the fingers is extensor digitorum (ED), which has multiple compartments and separate tendons to each finger. Additional extrinsic extensor muscles are extensor indicis (EI) and extensor digiti minimi (EDM), which extend the index and little fingers, respectively.
What muscle spreads your toes?
dorsal interossei musclesThe dorsal interossei muscles are a group of four bicephalic feather-shaped muscles that fill the space between the metatarsal bones of the foot. Their function lies in spreading the toes apart and in flexing the metatarsophalangeal joints of the second to the fifth toe.
What nerve spreads the toes?
The lateral plantar nerve (external plantar nerve) is a branch of the tibial nerve, in turn a branch of the sciatic nerve and supplies the skin of the fifth toe and lateral half of the fourth, as well as most of the deep muscles, its distribution being similar to that of the ulnar nerve in the hand.
How many plantar interossei soles are there?
three plantar interosseous musclesStructure. The three plantar interosseous muscles are unipennate, as opposed to the bipennate structure of dorsal interosseous muscles, and originate on a single metatarsal bone.
What is the difference between palmar and dorsal interossei?
The palmar interosseous muscles adduct the fingers towards the middle finger. This is in contrast to the dorsal interossei, which abduct the fingers away from the middle finger.
What muscles abduct the fingers?
The dorsal interossei muscles are muscles that abduct the second, third and fourth digits. The first digit and the fifth digit have their own abductor muscles in the thenar and hypothenar eminence and so do not have interossei musculature.
How do you test for dorsal interossei?
The first dorsal interosseous muscle can be tested by placing the patient's palm flat on a table and asking the patient to abduct his/her index finger against the examiner's resistance. The muscle belly can be both seen and felt and is a reliable test for the ulnar nerve.
What nerve controls finger adduction?
Adduction of the little finger is performed by the interosseous and abduction by the hypothenar muscles. Both groups of the muscles are innervated by the ulnar nerve.
Where are the plantar interossei muscles located?
In human anatomy, plantar interossei muscles are three muscles located between the metatarsal bones in the foot .
Which nerve innervates the plantar interosseous muscles?
All three plantar interosseous muscles are innervated by the lateral plantar nerve. The lateral plantar nerve is a branch from the tibial nerve, which originally branches off the sciatic nerve from the sacral plexus.
What muscles do the toes work with?
Adduction itself is not of extreme importance to the toes, but these muscles work together with the dorsal interosseous muscles in flexion of the foot. They also work together to strengthen the metatarsal arch.
Where do the three interosseous muscles originate?
The three plantar interosseous muscles are unipennate, as opposed to the bipennate structure of dorsal interosseous muscles, and originate on a single metatarsal bone. The three muscles originate on the medial aspect of metatarsals III-V.
Where do the muscles cross?
The muscles cross the metatarsophalangeal joint of toes III-V so the insertions correspond with the origin and there is no crossing between toes. The muscles then continue distally along the foot and insert in the proximal phalanges III-V.
Where do plantar interossei muscles originate?
In a number of cases the muscles were found to originate from plantar ligaments, fascia of adjacent muscles , or both. The most common soft tissue point of origin is the ligamentous meshwork created from the intertwining of the long plantar and intermetatarsal ligaments, along with the peroneal sheath.
What is the Latin word for the muscles between the bones on the sole of the foot?
In Latin, they are referred to as musculi interossei plantares and despite their actual locations, translate to “muscles between the bones on the sole of the foot”.
How to strengthen your toes?
Another great way to strengthen them is to place a towel beneath your foot and take hold of it with your toes. Do this ten times with each foot, then take a 60 second break and repeat to perform three sets of ten. As time passes, the towel may be replaced with a pen or pencil.
What is the plantar interossei?
The Plantar Interossei are intrinsic muscles of the foot located in Plantar Layer IV. The muscles located in Plantar Layer IV are:
Which interossei attaches distally to the dorsal digital expansion?
The plantar interossei also attach distally into the dorsal digital expansion.
What is the function of the dorsal interossei?
The main function of dorsal interossei is to abduct the fingers 2-4 in a longitudinal axis, moving them away from each other. Put simply, these muscles move the fingers in the following way: The dorsal interossei 1-2 pull the digits 2-3 laterally (radial abduction),
Where are the dorsal interossei muscles located?
They are found on the dorsal aspect of the hand occupying the space between the metacarpal bones, along with the palmar interossei muscles.
Why do my index fingers have a weak ulnar claw?
Conversely, the index and middle fingers are usually less affected in the ulnar claw because the first and second lumbricals can compensate for this loss up to a certain degree. The reason behind this is that those two muscles are not supplied by the ulnar nerve, but instead the median nerve.
Where is the tendon of the 3rd dorsal interosseous?
Unlike the 1st and 2nd, the tendon of the 3rd dorsal interosseous inserts on the ulnar side of the base of the 3nd proximal phalanx and its dorsal digital expansion. 4th dorsal interosseous muscle: arises from the adjacent surfaces of the 4th and 5th metacarpal bones.
Which muscle receives vascular supply from the first dorsal metacarpal branch of the radial?
The 1st dorsal interosseous muscle receives vascular supply from the first dorsal metacarpal branch of the radial artery. The 2nd, 3rd, and 4th dorsal interossei receive blood supply from the second, third, and fourth dorsal metacarpal branches of the dorsal carpal anastomosis.
Where does the 2nd dorsal interosseous muscle come from?
2nd dorsal interosseous muscle: arises from the adjacent surfaces of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpal bones. Like the 1st muscle, the muscle fibers of the 2nd dorsal interosseous converge distally into a tendon which inserts on the radial side of the base of the 3nd proximal phalanx and its dorsal digital expansion.
Which nerve is responsible for innervation of the dorsal interossei?
The innervation of all dorsal interossei is carried by the deep branch of ulnar nerve, derived from nerve roots C8 and T1. The skin that overlies the muscles is supplied by the roots C6-C8.
Overview
In human anatomy, plantar interossei muscles are three muscles located between the metatarsal bones in the foot.
Structure
The three plantar interosseous muscles are unipennate, as opposed to the bipennate structure of dorsal interosseous muscles, and originate on a single metatarsal bone. The three muscles originate on the medial aspect of metatarsals III-V. The muscles cross the metatarsophalangeal joint of toes III-V so the insertions correspond with the origin and there is no crossing between toes.
Function
Since the intersseous muscles cross on the metatarsophalangeal joint, then they act on that specific joint and cause adduction of toes III, IV, and V.
Adduction itself is not of extreme importance to the toes, but these muscles work together with the dorsal interosseous muscles in flexion of the foot. They also work together to strengthen the metatarsal arch.
Additional images
• Bones of the right foot. Plantar surface.
• Muscles of the sole of the foot.
See also
• Interosseous muscles of the hand
• Interosseous muscles of the foot
External links
• PTCentral
General Information
Literal Meaning
- In Latin, they are referred to as musculi interossei plantares and despite their actual locations, translate to “muscles between the bones on the sole of the foot”.
Interesting Information
- With the assistance of the abductor digiti minimi and the dorsal, the plantar interossei help to regulate the positioning of the third, fourth and fifth toes during the initial push-off phase of running and walking. They also serve to prevent spreading of the toes when weight is unexpectedly or abruptly put on the forefoot.
Insertion
- Central region of the bottom of the toe’s 1st phalanx, then into the bands of tissues of the Extensor digitorum longus.
Function
- Flexion of the metatarsal phalangeal joints of the proximal phalanges. Aid in the extension of interphalangeal joints of the distal phalanges. Adduction - Pull toes inward towards the body of the 2nd toe.
Blood Supply
- The plantar arch, lateral plantar artery, dorsal digital arteries and 2nd to 4th plantar metacarpal arteries.
Relevant Research
- Research has shown that the plantar interossei muscles are not limited to only bony attachments at their origin but in fact, soft tissue origination has been observed. In a number of cases the muscles were found to originate from plantar ligaments, fascia of adjacent muscles, or both. The most common soft tissue point of origin is the ligamentous meshwork created from the intertwi…
Plantar Interrossei Exercises
- Strengthening the intrinsic muscles of your feet is always a good way to improve your gait and stride. Walk around your house barefooted for at least 10 – 15 minutes daily. Standing straight, place your hands above your head then stretch upwards until you are standing on your forefeet. Hold this pose for 30 seconds then slowly descend until you are standing flat. Rest for 30 secon…