Openness: Being open to criticism and new ideas is a necessary ethical consideration in research. Research is meant for the benefit of society; thus, you should share your ideas, results, and research methodology for the advancement of science and society and be open to interpretation and views.
What are ethical guidelines for research?
Ethical guidelines for research are principles that protect morality and guide researchers when they conduct research. They keep researchers accountable, thus, ensuring proper use of funds and avoidance of research misconduct. Moreover, these ethical considerations in research guarantee that the public can trust the research 1.
What are ethical issues in research?
Ethical issues in research is a topic worth discovering because it helps a person conducting a study to do their job in a quality way. Research ethics is a vast subject, and in this article, we will give you the basics of it.
Do researchers have an ethical obligation to share their results?
Research participants want to know the results of the studies in which they participate. Many researchers argue that sharing results with participants is an ethical obligation. Researchers must send their findings to all participants who want to receive them, even if they feel that the findings will not benefit these participants.
Is research that involves actively deceiving participants ethical?
Research that involves actively deceiving participants about research activities presents ethical problems.
What is the basic requirement of a researcher?
What is the duty of a researcher?
What is the authorship of a manuscript?
What is redundant publication?
Why is research important in biomedical research?
When should conflicts of interest be discussed?
Is it acceptable to quote a sentence from a paper?
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About this website
What are the ethical issues to consider when sharing social information?
And the disadvantages are freedom of speech is compromised, intrusion of privacy, only positive things must be posted, liking, sharing, tweeting or re-tweeting post are libelous, and the ability to take down websites without warning. Explain why privacy and confidentiality matter in one's life.
What are considered ethical issues in research?
ETHICAL ISSUES IN RESEARCHStudy design and ethics approval. According to COPE, “good research should be well adjusted, well-planned, appropriately designed, and ethically approved. ... Data analysis. ... Authorship. ... Conflicts of interest. ... Redundant publication and plagiarism.
What are the ethical considerations you should reflect on when conducting research?
Five principles for research ethicsDiscuss intellectual property frankly. ... Be conscious of multiple roles. ... Follow informed-consent rules. ... Respect confidentiality and privacy. ... Tap into ethics resources.
What are some ethical considerations that should be taken into account in the context of public policy?
[6] Here, five ethical principles are introduced: integrity, competence, responsibility, respect, and concern.
Why do we need to consider ethical issues in collecting data?
There are several reasons why it is important to adhere to ethical norms in research. First, norms promote the aims of research, such as knowledge, truth, and avoidance of error. For example, prohibitions against fabricating, falsifying, or misrepresenting research data promote the truth and minimize error.
Why do we need to consider ethical principles in doing researches?
Research ethics govern the standards of conduct for scientific researchers. It is important to adhere to ethical principles in order to protect the dignity, rights and welfare of research participants.
What are 5 things researchers should do to ensure their work is ethical?
Five principles for research ethicsDiscuss intellectual property frankly. ... Be conscious of multiple roles. ... Follow informed-consent rules. ... Respect confidentiality and privacy. ... Tap into ethics resources.
Why ethical considerations should be part of our everyday conduct as public relations professionals?
Public relations ethics are critically important because public relations practitioners share with other professional occupations not only the ability to significantly help (or hurt) their clients, but also the ability to greatly influence stakeholders and society at large.
What unethical practices one should avoid when conducting research?
Examples of Unethical Research PracticesDuplicate publication.Research data falsification.Plagiarism.Authorship Conflict.Conflict of interest.Management responsibility.Code of ethics.Personnel policies and procedures.More items...•
What are the top 5 ethical issues in healthcare?
Five Top Ethical Issues in HealthcareBalancing Care Quality and Efficiency. ... Improving Access to Care. ... Building and Sustaining the Healthcare Workforce of the Future. ... Addressing End-of Life Issues. ... Allocating Limited Medications and Donor Organs.
What are some major ethical and professional issues facing epidemiology and public health?
Issues dealt with in ethics guidelines for epidemiologists and the published literatureMinimizing risks and providing benefits. ... Avoiding and disclosing conflicts of interest. ... Obligations to communities. ... Informed consent. ... Privacy and confidentiality. ... The institutional review board system.
What are the four ethical principles that guide and influence public policy making?
Beneficence, nonmaleficence, respect for autonomy, and justice are included.
What are the 7 ethical principles in research?
In this article, which has become a seminal piece in the field, the authors propose seven requirements that a clinical research study needs to fulfill in order to be considered ethical: social or scientific value, scientific validity, fair subject selection, favorable risk-benefit ratio, independent review, informed ...
How do you identify ethical issues in a case study?
When considering ethical issues, it is advised that you follow a stepwise approach in your decision-making process:Recognize there is an issue.Identify the problem and who is involved.Consider the relevant facts, laws and principles.Analyze and determine possible courses of action.Implement the solution.More items...
What are examples of ethical considerations?
Ethical considerationsInformed consent.Voluntary participation.Do no harm.Confidentiality.Anonymity.Only assess relevant components.
The ethical issues in research and their importance - Legit.ng
When the majority of people hear the term "research ethics", the first thing that comes to their mind is the problems that arise in front of the scientist when there are human or animal subjects needed.These issues are, undoubtedly, the critical part of the research ethics, but there are many more problems connected with it.
Ethical Issues in Qualitative Research - SAGE Publications Ltd
Chapter 4 Ethical Issues in Qualitative Research 51 FOCUS YOUR READING Researchers are responsible for ensuring that participants are not harmed, pri- vacy is maintained, and the participants have provided informed consent. Qualitative researchers do not have clear standards governing their activities. Universities rely on review boards to decide which research activities to approve.
Legal and ethical issues in research - PMC - PubMed Central (PMC)
Legal and ethical issues form an important component of modern research, related to the subject and researcher. This article seeks to briefly review the various international guidelines and regulations that exist on issues related to informed consent, confidentiality, providing incentives and various forms of research misconduct.
What is the importance of research ethics? - Editage Insights
Conducting research is the first and most exciting step in a researcher's journey. If you are currently in this stage of your publishing journey, subscribe & learn about best practices to sail through this stage and set yourself up for successful publication.
What are ethics in research?
When the majority of people hear the term " research ethics ", the first thing that comes to their mind is the problems that arise in front of the scientist when there are human or animal subjects needed. These issues are, undoubtedly, the critical part of the research ethics, but there are many more problems connected with it. Today, we will make them clear for you and talk about all the central ethical issues of research. We will also learn how to solve the moral dilemmas in research.
What is research ethics?
Research ethics involves a lot of understanding, engagement, and knowledge. If you are a researcher, then you should know about the specifics of research and the main ethical issues that can be raised in the process of analysis and data gathering. Therefore, we bring you the entire article which tackles the topic of the ethical problems in research.
What is an ethical issue?
As the Business Dictionary states, this is the particular situation or problem which makes the researcher (organisation or person) choose between a few alternatives, which are seen as ethical (right) and unethical (wrong).
Why are ethics important in research?
Perhaps, after reading all of this, you are still questioning why are research ethics so important. There are a lot of reasons why they are significant to many people, and we will list them for you now: 1 Promotion of the research aims (e.g., expansion of common knowledge); 2 Support of the values which are needed for collaborative work (e.g., fairness and mutual respect). This point is essential to the collaboration between people and study groups because the research always depends on how well they will be able to co-exist and work together; 3 Accountability of the researchers for their actions. There are a lot of people conducting studies who receive public money support, so it is crucial to regulate various sorts of conflicts and misconduct during the process of their work and make sure that they are appropriately spending that money. 4 Insurance that the research is trustworthy and the publicity can fully rely on it. Those people who fund and support such kinds of works have to be sure that everything is done right. 5 Common values are supported in the research. These are the most general moral and social values – for instance, the principle of not causing any harm to other people or animals.
How to protect human subjects in research?
Human subject protection – in case the research that you are conducting includes experiments on people, then you should pay meticulous attention to reducing any harm caused to them to the absolute minimum amount. You also have to make sure they get maximum benefit out of it, and so do other people that your research is aimed at. Exposing people to more testing than needed to fulfil your scientific purposes is not good. It is always important to put human rights above everything else and respect them, and this includes the autonomy and privacy rights. Special care measures have to be taken with the groups that are considered the most vulnerable, e.g., older adults, young children, and people who have difficulties to learn. Solving the ethical issues in research with human subjects can be difficult, and you have to pay special attention to them.
Why is it important to know the ethics code?
It is incredibly important for every scientist to know the ethics code. Some of the issues are backed up by the force of law. However, even if they are not, and you have technically not done anything illegal, there is still a chance that you do something that is not considered to be ethical. Doing the wrong things can lead to the end ...
Why is it important to regulate conflicts and misconduct during the process of research?
Accountability of the researchers for their actions . There are a lot of people conducting studies who receive public money support, so it is crucial to regulate various sorts of conflicts and misconduct during the process of their work and make sure that they are appropriately spending that money.
How to protect research participants?
To protect research participants, researchers should take steps to minimize the risk of inadvertent disclosure of identifiers and research data. It is also wise to only gather sensitive information if absolutely necessary for the research.
Why do people feel compelled to participate in research?
They may feel compelled to participate in research because of their relationship to the researcher or because their freedom is curtailed. Fully informed consent may not be possible for them because the consequences of their research participation are unpredictable.
What is minimal risk research?
As defined in the federal regulations, “minimal risk” means that participants will encounter no harms or discomforts greater than those that are a normal part of their daily lives.
What is Lehigh University's research?
Both students and faculty at Lehigh University are encouraged to become involved in the research life of the University. Departmental honors and capstone courses, as well as a number of campus fellowships and programs, offer opportunities for students to learn the skills of research and present their results. Frequently, these research projects involve interactions with and/or identifiable data about human beings as participants (or “subjects”).
Why are children vulnerable to research?
Children are vulnerable because their cognitive and decision-making capacities are still developing.
Why are cognitively impaired people vulnerable?
Other groups are vulnerable because any harm that might arise from research would be particularly consequential for them. For example, undocumented residents whose status was revealed outside the research could be deported, a grave risk. Residents in homeless shelters, nursing homes and half way houses have limited autonomy with respect to housing and are vulnerable to the authority of house managers. They, as well as people who have experienced major injury, illness or disability that interferes with the quality of their lives, might be traumatized by unskillful interviewing.
What are the best research practices?
Good research practices include: using password protection (at a minimum) and encryption (preferred) for computer files and digitized audio or video files; using removable storage devices (thumb or flash drives) that are encrypted and password protected; locking filing cabinets where paper files are stored; and quickly transcribing unprotected, taped interviews and notes on paper so they can then be destroyed.
Why is it important to practice ethical guidelines while conducting research?
Practicing ethical guidelines while conducting research is essential to establish a study’s validity. If misconduct is detected in a published research paper it can get retracted. Moreover, any work that is built upon the findings would get discredited.
Why is it important to practice ethical guidelines?
Practicing ethical guidelines while conducting research is essential to establish a study’s validity. If misconduct is detected in a published research paper it can get retracted. Moreover, any work that is built upon the findings would get discredited. This infographic includes the most common ethical considerations that must be considered ...
What is the first step in a researcher's journey?
Conducting research is the first and most exciting step in a researcher's journey. If you are currently in this stage of your publishing journey, subscribe & learn about best practices to sail through this stage and set yourself up for successful publication.
What are ethical issues in clinical research?
The ethical and legal issues relating to the conduct of clinical research involving human participants had raised the concerns of policy makers, lawyers, scientists and clinicians for many years. The Declaration of Helsinki established ethical principles applied to clinical research involving human participants. The purpose of a clinical research is to systematically collect and analyse data from which conclusions are drawn, that may be generalisable, so as to improve the clinical practice and benefit patients in future. Therefore, it is important to be familiar with Good Clinical Practice (GCP), an international quality standard that is provided by the International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH),[1] or the local version, GCP of the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (India's equivalent of US Food and Drug Administration)[2] and local regulatory policy to ensure that the research is conducted both ethically and legally. In this article, we will briefly review the legal and ethical issues pertaining to recruitment of human subjects, basic principles of informed consent and precautions to be taken during data and clinical research publications. Some of the core principles of GCP in research include defining responsibilities of sponsors, investigators, consent process monitoring and auditing procedures and protection of human subjects.[3]
What is the role of human participants in research?
The main role of human participants in research is to serve as sources of data. Researchers have a duty to ‘protect the life, health, dignity, integrity, right to self-determination, privacy and confidentiality of personal information of research subjects’.[4] The Belmont Report also provides an analytical framework for evaluating research using three ethical principles:[5]
What is the ICMJE recommendation?
The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) recommendations suggest that authors must ensure that non-essential identifying information (names, initials, hospital record numbers) are omitted during data collection and storage wherever possible. Where identifying information is essential for scientific purposes (clinical photographs), written informed consent must be obtained and the patient must be shown the manuscript before publication. Subjects should also be informed if any potential identifiable material might be available through media access.
What is an agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy answer?
Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.
What is plagiarism in science?
Plagiarism is the use of others' published and unpublished ideas or intellectual property without attribution or permission and presenting them as new and original rather than derived from an existing source.[13] Tools such as similarity check[14] are available to aid researchers detect similarities between manuscripts, and such checks should be done before submission.[15]
What is an exception to informed consent?
Reasonable efforts should have been made to find a legal authority to consent. If there is not enough time, an ‘exception to informed consent’ may allow the subject to be enrolled with prior approval of an ethical committee.[7] Researchers must obtain deferred informed consent as soon as possible from the subject (when regains capacity), or their legally authorised representative, for continued participation.[4,7]
What is emergency research?
Emergency research studies occur where potential subjects are incapacitated and unable to give informed consent (a cute head trauma, cardiac arrest). The Council for International Organisations of Medical Sciences/World Health Organisation guidelines and Declaration of Helsinki make exceptions to the requirement for informed consent in these situations.[4,7] There are minor variations in laws governing the extent to which the exceptions apply.[8]
Why do researchers need to share their findings?
Many researchers argue that sharing results with participants is an ethical obligation. Researchers must send their findings to all participants who want to receive them, even if they feel that the findings will not benefit these participants. This may promote trust in the research process and encourage strong and long-lasting collaboration between researchers and the participants.
Why is it important to share research findings?
More effective responses to safety, health, or welfare related challenges can be developed. Sharing community-based research findings has the potential to improve the livelihood of the people involved as it creates an opportunity for them to learn and know more about themselves.
Why is sharing findings important?
The benefits of sharing findings flow both ways. Engaging with other researchers and the public can lead to unexpected new connections and new ideas that could create fruitful new directions for research.
Why do we need to do more research?
As researchers, we need to do more to ensure that our findings end up in the hands of those who are affected by them. This is especially true in African countries, where disciplines often exist in silos and many researchers come in from other continents. The people who share their lives with researchers seldom see the results of their efforts.
Why are researchers so reluctant to describe their results?
Many researchers lack writing skills or may find it difficult to describe their results to a general audience as they are trained to write for fellow specialists. They may worry about whether the public will understand their findings, or about findings being used to influence controversial policies and actions.
Why is it important to find innovative, accessible ways to share the work?
To benefit both researchers and the communities they serve, it’s important to find innovative, accessible ways to share the work.
Why do scientists conduct research?
Scientists don’t conduct research just to satisfy their own curiosity. Research is meant to benefit society by raising public awareness and creating products and innovations that enhance development. For research to serve its full purpose, the results must leave the confines of research laboratories and academic journals.
What are the ethical requirements for conducting research?
Indeed, researchers face an array of ethical requirements: They must meet professional, institutional and federal standards for conducting research with human participants, often supervise students they also teach and have to sort out authorship issues, just to name a few.
How can researchers avoid ethical dilemmas?
One of the best ways researchers can avoid and resolve ethical dilemmas is to know both what their ethical obligations are and what resources are available to them.
What is the APA code for psychologists?
The APA Ethics Code requires psychologists to release their data to others who want to verify their conclusions, provided that participants' confidentiality can be protected and as long as legal rights concerning proprietary data don't preclude their release.
What is the APA ethics code?
APA's Ethics Code says psychologists should avoid relationships that could reasonably impair their professional performance or could exploit or harm others. But it also notes that many kinds of multiple relationships aren't unethical--as long as they're not reasonably expected to have adverse effects.
Why should psychologists be careful when recruiting participants for a study?
And because research participants have the freedom to choose how much information about themselves they will reveal and under what circumstances, psychologists should be careful when recruiting participants for a study, says Sangeeta Panicker, PhD, director of the APA Science Directorate's Research Ethics Office.
Why is it important to think positively about your interactions with an IRB?
As cliché as it may be, says Panicker, thinking positively about your interactions with an IRB can help smooth the process for both researchers and the IRBs reviewing their work.
Why is the University of Minnesota instituting a procedure to avoid murky authorship issues?
"We actually have a formal process here where students make proposals for anything they do on the project ," he explains. The process allows students and faculty to more easily talk about research responsibility, distribution and authorship.
What is the basic requirement of a researcher?
To conduct research to a lower standard may constitute misconduct.”3This may appear to be a stringent criterion, but it highlights the basic requirement of a researcher is to conduct a research responsibly. To achieve this, a research protocol should be developed and adhered to. It must be carefully agreed to by all contributors and collaborators, and the precise roles of each team member should be spelled out early, including matters of authorship and publications. Research should seek to answer specific questions, rather than just collect data.
What is the duty of a researcher?
It is the duty of the researcher to ensure that research is conducted in an ethical and responsible manner from planning to publication. Researchers and authors should familiarise themselves with these principles and follows them strictly. Any potential ethical issues in research and publication should be discussed openly within the research team. If in doubt, it is advisable to consult the respective institutional review board (IRB) for their expert opinions.
What is the authorship of a manuscript?
There is no universally agreed definition of authorship. 6It is generally agreed that an author should have made substantial contribution to the intellectual content, including conceptualising and designing the study; acquiring, analysing and interpreting the data. The author should also take responsibility to certify that the manuscript represents valid work and take public responsibility for the work. Finally, an author is usually involved in drafting or revising the manuscript, as well as approving the submitted manuscript. Data collection, editing of grammar and language, and other routine works by itself, do not deserve an authorship.
What is redundant publication?
Redundant publication occurs when two or more papers, without full cross reference, share the same hypothesis, data, discussion points, or conclusions. However, previous publication of an abstract during the proceedings of meetings does not preclude subsequent submission for publication, but full disclosure should be made at the time of submission. This is also known as self-plagiarism. In the increasing competitive environment where appointments, promotions and grant applications are strongly influenced by publication record, researchers are under intense pressure to publish, and a growing minority is seeking to bump up their CV through dishonest means.7
Why is research important in biomedical research?
In the fast-expanding field of biomedical research, this has improved the quality and quantity of life. Historically, medical doctors have been in the privileged position to carry out research, especially in clinical research which involves people. They are able to control “life and death” of patients and have free access to their confidential information. Moreover, medical researchers have also enjoyed immunity from accountability due to high public regard for science and medicine. This has resulted in some researchers conducting unethical researches. For instance, in World War II, medical doctors had conducted unethical experiments on human in the name of science, resulting in harm and even death in some cases.1More recently, the involvement of pharmaceutical industry in clinical trials have raised issues about how to safeguard patient’s care and to ensure the published research findings are objective.2
When should conflicts of interest be discussed?
Such interests, where relevant, should be discussed in the early stage of research. The researchers need to take extra effort to ensure that their conflicts of interest do not influence the methodology and outcome of the research. It would be useful to consult an independent researcher, or Ethics Committee, on this issue if in doubt. When publishing, these conflicts of interest should be declared to editors, and readers will judge for themselves whether the research findings are trustworthy.
Is it acceptable to quote a sentence from a paper?
It is acceptable to quote sentences from a paper as long as they are duly referenced.