What is the first chapter of the jungle about?
Summary and Analysis Chapter 1. The Jungle begins on the wedding day of two Lithuanian immigrants, Jurgis and Ona, highlighting many of the traditional Lithuanian customs that family members like Marija and Teta Elzbieta attempt to keep alive now that they live in Chicago.
What is the movie The Jungle about?
The Jungle begins on the wedding day of two Lithuanian immigrants, Jurgis and Ona, highlighting many of the traditional Lithuanian customs that family members like Marija and Teta Elzbieta attempt to keep alive now that they live in Chicago.
Who wrote the book The Jungle?
Written By: The Jungle, novel by Upton Sinclair, published serially in 1905 and as a single-volume book in 1906. The most famous, influential, and enduring of all muckraking novels, The Jungle was an exposé of conditions in the Chicago stockyards.
What is the main idea of the jungle by Upton Sinclair?
The Jungle is a novel by Upton Sinclair, published serially in 1905 and as a book in 1906. An exposé of the American meatpacking industry and the horrors endured by immigrant workers generated public outrage resulting in passage of federal legislation that improved food quality and working conditions.
What is the opening scene of The Jungle?
In the opening chapter of The Jungle, the immigrant hero and heroine, Juris and Ona Rudkus, celebrate their nuptials and the start of their new lives in Chicago. It was four o'clock when the ceremony was over and the carriages began to arrive.
Where do the events of the opening chapter in The Jungle take place?
Summary: Chapter 1 The celebration takes place in a hall near the Chicago stockyards in an area of the city known as Packingtown because it is the center of the meat-packing industry.
What was the original purpose of The Jungle?
Muckraking the Meat-Packing Industry. Upton Sinclair wrote The Jungle to expose the appalling working conditions in the meat-packing industry. His description of diseased, rotten, and contaminated meat shocked the public and led to new federal food safety laws.
What happened in the book The Jungle?
The Jungle Book by Rudyard Kipling is an adventure story about a man-cub named Mowgli. Mowgli is hunted by an evil tiger named Shere Khan. Mowgli tries to live a peaceful life with other humans, but is too wild for them and too human for the wolves. Eventually Mowgli finds a home in the jungle with a pack of his own.
What is going on in the opening first chapter of The Jungle?
Summary and Analysis Chapter 1. The Jungle begins on the wedding day of two Lithuanian immigrants, Jurgis and Ona, highlighting many of the traditional Lithuanian customs that family members like Marija and Teta Elzbieta attempt to keep alive now that they live in Chicago.
What happens in chapter 2 of The Jungle book?
The opening of Chapter 2 describes how the foreman for Brown and Company chooses to hire Jurgis, due to his size and strength, and then the narrative continues as a flashback, providing information about how Jurgis and Ona meet and come to America. In Lithuania, both of their families were economically oppressed.
Why is The Jungle a banned book?
The Jungle, by Upton Sinclair Burned in the Nazi bonfires because of Sinclair's socialist views (1933). Banned in East Germany (1956) as inimical to communism.
What was the author's reason for writing The Jungle?
What was the author's purpose in writing "The Jungle?" Sinclair wanted his novel to call attention to the atrocities committed against the working class in 1900s Chicago, especially European immigrants. It was Sinclair's hope that wealthy people reading his novel would advocate for social change in this direction.
Is The Jungle propaganda?
Although most critics regard The Jungle as propaganda, it differs from most propaganda novels whose authors readily concede bias. Sinclair considers his work more than just a means to an end; that is, he felt he was creating quality literature that simultaneously served as propaganda promoting socialism.
Is The Jungle a true story?
“Jungle,” the new adventure/survival film from Australian helmer Greg McClean (“Wolf Creek”), is based on the true-life story of adventurer and executive producer Yossi Ghinsberg, who became lost in the Amazonian jungle for three weeks in 1981.
Why is The Jungle called The Jungle?
Upton Sinclair gave the title The Jungle (1906) to his famous book about the life of workers at the Chicago Stockyards, portraying the workers as being mercilessly exploited with no legal or other lawful recourse.
Is The Jungle Book a real story?
Meet Dina Sanichar, or “the Indian wolf-boy,” a feral boy who lived in the 19th century and was raised by wolves—many believe that Dina was the real inspiration behind The Jungle Book, though it's worth noting that the actual story isn't as fun as the one we're used to. In reality, it's much more tragic than that…
What is the setting of The Jungle?
"Packingtown," Chicago's Meatpacking District in the early 1900s.
What country are the main characters in The Jungle from?
LithuanianThe main plot of The Jungle follows Lithuanian immigrant Jurgis Rudkus, who came to the United States in the hope of living the American dream, and his extended family, which includes Ona, Jurgis's wife; Elzbieta, Ona's stepmother; Elzbieta's six children; Marija, Ona's cousin; and Dede Rudkus, Jurgis's father.
Why is Jurgis in America?
Like many immigrants, Jurgis Rudkis and his family come to America in search of a better life. They want a piece of the American Dream: a belief that anyone in America can become rich and successful by working hard.
How old is Ona in The Jungle?
Ona is extremely young—not even sixteen at the start of the novel—and is presented as a delicate, lovely picture of female traits that Sinclair believed his readers would find laudable: docility, loyalty, and trust in her husband and family.
When was the jungle published?
The Jungle, novel by Upton Sinclair, published serially in 1905 and as a single-volume book in 1906. The most famous, influential, and enduring of all muckraking novels, The Jungle was an exposé of conditions in the Chicago stockyards. Because of the public response, the U.S. Pure Food and Drug Act was passed in 1906, ...
Who is the main character in The Jungle?
The main plot of The Jungle follows Lithuanian immigrant Jurgis Rudkus, who came to the United States in the hope of living the American dream, and his extended family, which includes Ona, Jurgis’s wife; Elzbieta, Ona’s stepmother; Elzbieta’s six children; Marija, Ona’s cousin; and Dede Rudkus, Jurgis’s father.
What happened to Jurgis in the book?
Jurgis encounters Phil Connor again and, in a fit of rage, attacks him. Jurgis is once again sent to prison. When he is released, he has no money and survives on charity. He finds Marija, who has become a prostitute in order to support Elzbieta and her remaining children. Marija has become addicted to morphine. Jurgis is eager to find a job before he goes to see Elzbieta. One night Jurgis wanders into a socialist political rally, where he is transformed. The novel ends with a hopeful chant of revolt: “Chicago will be ours.”
What happens when Elzbieta convinces Jurgis to find another job?
When he finds them, he discovers Ona prematurely in labour. Both she and the child die. Jurgis, defeated, goes on a drinking binge. Invoking Antanas’s needs, Elzbieta finally convinces Jurgis to find another job. A wealthy woman takes interest in the family and provides Jurgis with a job at a steel mill.
Is the Jungle a true story?
The results were published serially until 1906, when Doubleday published The Jungle as a novel. To do research, Sinclair had gone undercover for seven weeks inside various Chicago meatpacking plants. The novel, while containing an abundance of true events, is fictional. Jurgis Rudkus and his family are not real people.
Where does Jurgis go to live?
Jurgis abandons the rest of the family and wanders the countryside for a while, returning to Chicago the next winter to live on his own. He finds a job digging freight tunnels, where he soon injures himself. When he recovers, he is unable to find a job and is forced to beg on the streets.
Is Jurgis Rudkus real?
Jurgis Rudkus and his family are not real people. Rather, their story is an amalgamation of stories Sinclair was exposed to. He utilized the fictional immigrant family as a vehicle for nonfictional anecdotes. When The Jungle was published, its readers were outraged—but not in the way Sinclair had hoped.
What is the jungle chapter?
The Jungle begins on the wedding day of two Lithuanian immigrants, Jurgis and Ona, highlighting many of the traditional Lithuanian customs that family members like Marija and Teta Elzbieta attempt to keep alive now that they live in Chicago. Jurgis and Ona have had to wait a long time after immigrating to ...
Who is the main character in the Jungle?
Sinclair introduces Jurgis, the main character, almost in an aside. Not much is revealed about the man, although he is described as a "hunted animal." Animal imagery plays a significant part throughout the development of characters and themes in The Jungle, as are the last words of the chapter, "I will work harder." These words characterize Jurgis; however, many times when things are out of his control, so it doesn't matter how hard he works, he still may not succeed.
Why did Jurgis and Ona wait so long to marry?
Jurgis and Ona have had to wait a long time after immigrating to the United States and settling in Chicago for their wedding to occur due to the economic hardships they've suffered. These hardships are laid out in Chapter 2, as the book continues in a flashback to before the time they met in Lithuania.
What is the theme of the Jungle Sinclair?
Throughout The Jungle Sinclair explores how heredity, environment, and background all shape fate. The lower class is trapped by the very nature of capitalism. Sinclair contrasts Lithuania, where the characters were healthier and happier to where they are now, downtrodden and desperate in the slums of Chicago.
Where does Marija take place?
Marija is one of many immigrants who now call Chicago home, and with whom the book is concerned. Most of the action takes place in Chicago at the turn of the century. The stockyards play a pivotal role, serving as both setting and character.
Who is Faust in The Jungle?
Faust the hero of several medieval legends and later literary and operatic works, a philosopher who sells his soul to the devil in exchange for knowledge and power ; here, and in several places throughout The Jungle, Sinclair inserts literary allusions that are not compatible with the educational level of the character, a stylistic shortcoming.
What does the narrator talk about?
The narrator talks about what characters say, think, and do. Most contemporary novels are told from a particular character's point of view, allowing readers some internal insight, which is why many contemporary readers resist novels where a narrator "tells" what happens instead of "showing" the reader what happens.
Where did the Jungle Book originate?
Origins. Places in India named by Kipling in versions of the stories. The stories in The Jungle Book were inspired in part by the ancient Indian fable texts such as the Panchatantra and the Jataka tales.
What is the jungle book?
The Jungle Book at Wikisource. The Jungle Book (1894) is a collection of stories by the English author Rudyard Kipling. Most of the characters are animals such as Shere Khan the tiger and Baloo the bear, though a principal character is the boy or "man-cub" Mowgli, who is raised in the jungle by wolves. The stories are set in a forest in India; one ...
Where did Rudyard Kipling live?
The stories were first published in magazines in 1893–94. The original publications contain illustrations, some by the author's father, John Lockwood Kipling. Rudyard Kipling was born in India and spent the first six years of his childhood there. After about ten years in England, he went back to India and worked there for about six and a half years. These stories were written when Kipling lived in Naulakha, the home he built in Dummerston, Vermont, in the United States. There is evidence that Kipling wrote the collection of stories for his daughter Josephine, who died from pneumonia in 1899, aged 6; a first edition of the book with a handwritten note by the author to his young daughter was discovered at the National Trust 's Wimpole Hall in Cambridgeshire, England, in 2010.
What does the Law of the Jungle teach?
They teach respect for authority, obedience, and knowing one's place in society with "the law of the jungle", but the stories also illustrate the freedom to move between different worlds, such as when Mowgli moves between the jungle and the village.
Why is the jungle book so popular?
The book has been influential in the scout movement , whose founder, Robert Baden-Powell, was a friend of Kipling's. Percy Grainger composed his Jungle Book Cycle around quotations from the book.
Where is the cold lairs in the Kipling Society?
The Kipling Society notes that "Seonee" ( Seoni, in the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh) is mentioned several times; that the "cold lairs" must be in the jungled hills of Chittorgarh; and that the first Mowgli story, "In the Rukh", is set in a forest reserve somewhere in northern India, south of Simla.
What is the idea of beast tales?
The idea of beast-tales seems to me new in that it is a most ancient and long forgotten idea. The really fascinating tales are those that the Bodhisat tells of his previous incarnations ending always with the beautiful moral. Most of the native hunters in India today think pretty much along the lines of an animal's brain and I have "cribbed" freely from their tales.
Where does the wedding feast take place in Chapter 1?
They hold their veselija, or wedding feast, according to Lithuanian custom. The celebration takes place in a hall near the Chicago stockyards in an area ...
Where did Jurgis come from?
The narrator sketches background information about Jurgis and his family. Young and powerfully built, Jurgis came to Chicago from the rural countryside of Lithuania. In Lithuania, Ona’s father died, leaving his family troubled by debt. They lost their farm and had little in cash savings.
Where does Jurgis take Jonas and Ona?
Jurgis and Ona go for a walk through their new neighborhood. The stench of rotting animal flesh and animal excrement, along with billowing smoke, fills the air.
Who is the man who spies Jokubas?
By a stroke of luck, Jonas spies the delicatessen of Jokubas Szedvilas, the Lithuanian man whom he claimed had made a fortune. Jokubas owns a delicatessen in Chicago but, rather than living like a king, he is suffering financial troubles.
What chapter does Jurgis go to Packington?
- In Chapter 18, Jurgis is finally released from Bridewell prison to come back to Packington to find his home repossessed by another family, with his gone missing. According to Grandmother Majauszkiene, the family's neighbor, the remaining family members had been unable to pay their rent, and was turned out to the snow.
How much did Marija and Aniele scrap together?
In sheer desperation, Aniele, her neighbors, and Marija somehow scrap together one dollar and twenty-five cents for Jurgis to go and fetch a doctor for Ona.
Why is Jurgis the protagonist?
I think Jurgis is the protagonist because he seems like the most fit to be a protagonist. He is Lithuanian and came to America as a immigrant, his dream is wealth. I think he will be successful and important in the future because of his determination to work.
What is Jurgis' slogan?
Discuss Jurgis's slogan, "I will work harder". Is this a good solution to most problems?
How old is Ona in the book?
Jurgis and Ona are Lithuanian and are Polish immigrants that moved to the Untied States with their families. Ona is sixteen years old and she is getting married. She has a cousin named Marjia, who is very loud and cheerful. The atmosphere in this chapter is very happy and festive because of the wedding.
Why does the author say "blood red" and "fire"?
He says "blood red" and "fire" because when the sun sets, they can see it turning into a red, orange color. When the sun is setting, the reflection of the light on the roofs of the houses in the suburbs makes them look like the roofs were catching on fire. This symbolizes the harsh and cruel life that Jurgis and Ona are living in Packingtown, and it creates a sad and harsh atmosphere.
Why did Ona and Jurgis decide to go to America?
Jurgis finds out that Ona's father died, leaving the family a mess and deep in debt. They decide to go to America because they had nothing left to lose.Jurgis said that America was the land of opportunity and they they think they will have a better life.
What is the book of Jurgis and Ona about?
The book begins with a description of the wedding feast of Jurgis and Ona. The coming misfortunes are hinted at in the descriptions of guests and their own misfortunes.
What does Jurgis hope for in the book?
His devotion to socialism grows. As the book ends, Jurgis is filled with the hope that socialism will triumph and the lives of workingmen will improve.
What happened to Jurgis in The Millionaire?
Jurgis leaves the company of the millionaire with a hundred dollar bill in his pocket. When he tries to get it changed at a saloon, the bartender cheats him. Jurgis attacks the bartender and is again arrested.
What chapter does Ona get forced into a sexual relationship?
In Chapter Fifteen, the second major blow hits the family. Jurgis discovers that Ona has been forced into a sexual relationship with her boss. He assaults the man and is arrested.
What happened to Marija and Ona in the movie?
More tragedy befalls the family in the form of taxes, insurance, and sewer fees. Marija and Ona both struggle with their work situations. Ona gives birth to a son, but remains in poor health after the birth.
What happens in chapter 8 of Marija?
At the beginning of Chapter Eight, Marija has fallen in love and plans to be married. However, loss of work and the financial needs of the family force her to postpone her plans.
What does Jurgis do to the Antanas?
Jurgis tries to go on for the sake of little Antanas and the rest of the family. He is able to find a better job, but loses it when the plant closes.
Overview
Reception
Sayan Mukherjee, writing for the Book Review Circle, calls The Jungle Book "One of the most enjoyable books of my childhood and even in adulthood, highly informative as to the outlook of the British on their 'native population'."
The academic Jopi Nyman argued in 2001 that the book formed part of the construction of "colonial English national identity" within Kipling's "imperial project". In Nyman's view, nation, race …
Context
The stories were first published in magazines in 1893–94. The original publications contain illustrations, some by the author's father, John Lockwood Kipling. Rudyard Kipling was born in India and spent the first six years of his childhood there. After about ten years in England, he went back to India and worked there for about six and a half years. These stories were written when Kipling lived in Naulakha, the home he built in Dummerston, Vermont, in the United States. There i…
Book
The tales in the book (as well as those in The Second Jungle Book, which followed in 1895 and includes eight further stories, including five about Mowgli) are fables, using animals in an anthropomorphic manner to teach moral lessons. The verses of "The Law of the Jungle", for example, lay down rules for the safety of individuals, families, and communities. Kipling put in them nearly everythin…
Chapters
The book is arranged with a story in each chapter. Each story is followed by a poem that serves as an epigram.
Many of the characters (marked *) are named simply for the Hindustani names of their species: for example, Baloo is a transliteration of Hindustani भालू/بھالو Bhālū, "bear". The characters (marked ^) from "The White Seal" are transliterati…
Themes
Critics such as Harry Ricketts have observed that Kipling returns repeatedly to the theme of the abandoned and fostered child, recalling his own childhood feelings of abandonment. In his view, the enemy, Shere Khan, represents the "malevolent would-be foster-parent" who Mowgli in the end outwits and destroys, just as Kipling as a boy had to face Mrs Holloway in place of his pare…
Adaptations
The Jungle Book has been adapted many times in a wide variety of media. In literature, Robert Heinlein wrote the Hugo Award-winning science fiction novel, Stranger in a Strange Land (1961), when his wife, Virginia, suggested a new version of The Jungle Book, but with a child raised by Martians instead of wolves. Neil Gaiman's The Graveyard Book (2008) is inspired by The Jungle Boo…
See also
• Feral children in mythology and fiction